scholarly journals Citywide Inclusive Sanitation Guidance Note: What Is Citywide Inclusive Sanitation and Why Is It Needed?

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Sustainable Management ◽  
Water Sector ◽  
Learning Materials ◽  
Human Waste ◽  
Service Chain ◽  
Sanitation Services ◽  
Guidance Note ◽  
Essential Knowledge ◽  
Processing Cycle

This guidance note explains how the concept of citywide inclusive sanitation (CWIS) for developing more comprehensive, effective, and sustainable sanitation services in urban areas. CWIS focuses on providing urban areas with access to and benefits from adequate and sustainable sanitation services, including the safe, effective, and sustainable management of all human waste along the whole sanitation service chain. This guidance note is part of a series that aims to share essential knowledge to embed CWIS principles in planning and delivering sanitation services to ADB developing member countries. These learning materials were prepared by ADB’s Water Sector Group and structured along the ADB project processing cycle.

scholarly journals Citywide Inclusive Sanitation Guidance Note: Inclusive Financial Mechanisms: Improving Access to Sanitation Services for Poor Households

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Poor ◽  
Water Sector ◽  
Learning Materials ◽  
Sanitation Services ◽  
Guidance Note ◽  
Poor Households ◽  
Essential Knowledge ◽  
Processing Cycle

This guidance note outlines key considerations and practical steps to take in designing citywide inclusive sanitation (CWIS) projects on affordable and sustainable sanitation services for the urban poor. Funding for sanitation must be utilized effectively to reach those most in need of support. This guidance note explains how different financing mechanisms can be applied to provide affordable sanitation services to poor households. It is part of a series that aims to share essential knowledge to embed CWIS principles in planning and delivering sanitation services to ADB developing member countries. These learning materials were prepared by ADB’s Water Sector Group and structured along the ADB project processing cycle.

scholarly journals Citywide Inclusive Sanitation Guidance Note: Addressing Gender Equality and Social Inclusion in Urban Sanitation Projects

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equality ◽  
Urban Poor ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Persons With Disabilities ◽  
Sanitation Services ◽  
Guidance Note ◽  
Women And Children ◽  
Essential Knowledge ◽  
Underserved Groups ◽  
Equity And Inclusion

This guidance note underscores why addressing gender equality and social inclusion (GESI) is fundamental to the success of citywide inclusive sanitation (CWIS) project success. Equity and inclusion is one of the four elements of CWIS. As such, CWIS projects need activities to target specific unserved and underserved groups, including women and children, ethnic minorities, the urban poor, and persons with disabilities. This guidance note is part of a series that aims to share essential knowledge to embed CWIS principles in planning and delivering sanitation services to ADB developing member countries. These learning materials were prepared by ADB’s Water Sector Group and structured along the ADB project processing cycle.

scholarly journals THE “URBAN GEOLOGY” PROJECT OF IGME: THE CASE STUDY OF NAFPLIO, ARGOLIS PREFECTURE, GREECE

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 1528
Author(s):  
P. I Tsombos ◽  
A.D. Zervakou
Keyword(s):  
Land Use Planning ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Mineral Exploration ◽  
Community Support ◽  
Pilot Project ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Digital Data ◽  
Digital Products ◽  
Essential Knowledge ◽  
Surrounding Areas

The Institute of Geology and Mineral Exploration of Greece (I.G.M.E.), in the framework of CSF 2000 – 2006 (Community Support Framework 2000-2006), implemented the pilot project “Collection, Codification and Documentation of geothematic information for urban and suburban areas in Greece - pilot applications”. Geological, geochemical, geophysical, geotechnical, hydrogeological and other geothematic data concerning the urban and surrounding areas of Drama (North Greece), Nafplio & Sparti (Peloponnese) and Thrakomakedones (Attica) were collected. Drillings, geological and neotectonic mapping and other “in situ” measurements and field work took place. All initial and derived analogical and digital data were compiled and processed in specially designed geo-databases in GIS Environment. The final results are presented in geothematic maps and other digital products (DEMs, 2D – 3D surfaces, geodatabases). Such data constitute the essential knowledge base for land use planning and environmental protection in specific urban areas. Through this pilot project, new scientific approaches, methodologies and standards were developed and improved in order to apply to other future projects concerning the major cities of the whole country.

Towards poverty alleviation: the water sector perspectives

2003 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 133-144
Author(s):  
Q.K. Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
Sustainable Management ◽  
Water Sector ◽  
Management Regime ◽  
Sustainable Human Development ◽  
Process Element

Water and poverty interface in many different ways. Sustainable management (i.e. development, allocation and utilization) of water resources is therefore a process-element of sustainable human development. This paper looks into water-poverty interfaces as well as into approaches to, and tools of, managing water in such a manner that water sector activities can contribute to alleviation of poverty. It gives a southern perspective and includes a case study of the evolving water management regime in Bangladesh.

Urban water supply in India: status, reform options and possible lessons

Water Policy ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 442-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
David McKenzie ◽  
Isha Ray
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Water Sector ◽  
Metropolitan Regions ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities

Large numbers of households in cities around the developing world do not have access to one of the most basic of human needs–a safe and reliable supply of drinking water. This paper uses the experience of India as a lens through which to view the problems of access to water in urban areas and the various options available for reform. Using two sets of data from the National Family Health Survey, as well as published and unpublished secondary sources, the paper presents the status of access to drinking water in urban India, the performance of India's urban water sector compared to other Asian metropolitan regions and the reform efforts that are under way in several Indian cities. A review of these ongoing reforms illustrates some of the political economy challenges involved in reforming the water sector. Based on this analysis, we draw out directions for more effective research, data collection and policy reform. While each country faces unique challenges and opportunities, the scope and range of the Indian experience provides insights and caveats for many low-income nations.

scholarly journals Analysing inter-relationships among water, governance, human development variables in developing countries: WatSan4Dev database coherency analysis

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 485-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Dondeynaz ◽  
C. Carmona Moreno ◽  
J. J. Céspedes Lorente
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Environmental Governance ◽  
Water Governance ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Integrated Water Resources Management ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Water Sector ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Joint Research ◽  
Sanitation Services

Abstract. The "Integrated Water Resources Management" principle was formally laid down at the International Conference on Water and Sustainable development in Dublin 1992. One of the main results of this conference is that improving Water and Sanitation Services (WSS), being a complex and interdisciplinary issue, passes through collaboration and coordination of different sectors (environment, health, economic activities, governance, and international cooperation). These sectors influence or are influenced by the access to WSS. The understanding of these interrelations appears as crucial for decision makers in the water sector. In this framework, the Joint Research Centre (JRC) of the European Commission (EC) has developed a new database (WatSan4Dev database) containing 45 indicators (called variables in this paper) from environmental, socio-economic, governance and financial aid flows data in developing countries. This paper describes the development of the WatSan4Dev dataset, the statistical processes needed to improve the data quality; and, finally, the analysis to verify the database coherence is presented. At the light of the first analysis, WatSan4Dev Dataset shows the coherency among the different variables that are confirmed by the direct field experience and/or the scientific literature in the domain. Preliminary analysis of the relationships indicates that the informal urbanisation development is an important factor influencing negatively the percentage of the population having access to WSS. Health, and in particular children health, benefits from the improvement of WSS. Efficient environmental governance is also an important factor for providing improved water supply services. The database would be at the base of posterior analyses to better understand the interrelationships between the different indicators associated in the water sector in developing countries. A data model using the different indicators will be realised on the next phase of this research work.

scholarly journals Improved and promising fecal sludge sanitizing methods: treatment of fecal sludge using resource recovery technologies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abraham Amenay Zewde ◽  
Zifu Li ◽  
Zhou Xiaoqin
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Resource Recovery ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Sanitation Services ◽  
Fecal Sludge ◽  
End Products ◽  
Wastewater Systems ◽  
Treatment Facilities ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The global challenges that face sustainable sanitation services in developing countries are the lack of fecal sludge management; this is due to the rapid urbanization and population growth as it generates enormous quantities of fecal sludge. The extensive use of unimproved sanitation technologies is one of the main reasons for environmental and public health concerns. In dispersed rural areas, isolated slums or in urban areas where a sewerage system is costly, decentralized wastewater system can be used. Therefore centralized management of decentralized wastewater systems along with proper institutional framework treatment of fecal sludge can be used to enhance the economies of developing counties from resource recovery. The discovery of new ways to inactivate pathogens contained in human waste is key in improving access to sanitation worldwide and reducing the impact of conventional waste management processes on the environment. The entire FS management system should include on-site sanitary treatment methods, collection, and transportation of FS, treatment facilities as well as resource recovery or disposal of the treated end products. This review paper addresses the hygienization of fecal sludge and improved treatment technologies for safe reuse or disposal of the end products and the significant economic revenues attained from the treatments of fecal sludge.

Advancing integrity in urban water and sanitation: WIGO report 2021

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley Webb
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Safe Drinking Water ◽  
Water And Sanitation ◽  
Sanitation Services ◽  
Public Resources ◽  
Regulatory Bodies ◽  
The Media ◽  
Global Population

As the proportion of the global population living in urban areas increases, major challenges in providing safe drinking water and sanitation services need to be overcome, particularly in marginalised communities and informal settlements where services are already deficient. Strategies to provide water and sanitation are often undermined by corruption and integrity failures in the management of public resources, ‘petty corruption’ at the interface between individuals and institutions, and issues of inequitable and discriminatory planning and pricing. In the Water Integrity Global Outlook (WIGO 2021), WIN outlines successful strategies, tools and processes to reduce corruption and improve integrity by governments, utilities, the private sector, regulatory bodies, the media, NGOs and ultimately citizens, to drive improvements in the provision of reliable water and sanitation services.

scholarly journals Solar Thermal Processing to Disinfect Human Waste

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 4935
Author(s):  
Richard P. Fisher ◽  
Allan Lewandowski ◽  
Tesfayohanes W. Yacob ◽  
Barbara J. Ward ◽  
Lauren M. Hafford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Processing ◽  
Current System ◽  
Solar Thermal ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Human Waste ◽  
Renewable Energy Technologies ◽  
Sanitation Services ◽  
Energy Technologies ◽  
Irradiance Data ◽  
Treatment Facilities

Almost half of the world’s population is living without access to sanitation services that are safe, reliable, and minimize public health risk of human waste exposure. Modern flush-based sanitation networks are unsustainable: substantial resources, namely water and fuel, are required to bring human waste to centralized treatment facilities. Moving toward sustainable sanitation requires the implementation of innovative renewable energy technologies for stabilization and disinfection of waste, at the local or household scale, where minimal inputs of water, electricity or chemicals are required. A novel solar thermal disinfection toilet prototype has been constructed and is assessed for overall solar to receiver efficiency in treating waste without electrical, chemical, or water inputs from municipal supply. The measured solar to receiver efficiency is 28%, incorporating the capturing and concentration of sunlight and transmission of the energy to the receiver. For a typical sunny day, the current system can achieve thermal treatment of 0.8 kg human waste in roughly 100 min. The novel toilet is available for any location in the world with sufficient sunlight and irradiance data, and is scalable by adding solar collectors for sizes from single dwellings to communities.

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