scholarly journals Financing Sustainable and Resilient Food Systems in Asia and the Pacific

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Sustainable Management ◽  
Food Systems ◽  
Food Supply Chains ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Mitigate Climate Change

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has highlighted food security issues and nutrition gaps in Asia and the Pacific, where various risks and fragilities have continually affected the food and agriculture sector. There is a clear need to integrate sustainable management of natural resources, nutritional considerations, and the economic dimensions of food supply chains to enhance resilience and mitigate climate change. This publication explores how innovative financing and transformative knowledge solutions can help address the financing gaps and other challenges of food systems in the region.

scholarly journals Food and Earth Systems: Priorities for Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation for Agriculture and Food Systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Loboguerrero ◽  
Bruce Campbell ◽  
Peter Cooper ◽  
James Hansen ◽  
Todd Rosenstock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Climate Change Adaptation ◽  
Food Systems ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Smart Agriculture ◽  
Adaptation And Mitigation

Human activities and their relation with land, through agriculture and forestry, are significantly impacting Earth system functioning. Specifically, agriculture has increasingly become a key sector for adaptation and mitigation initiatives that address climate change and help ensure food security for a growing global population. Climate change and agricultural outcomes influence our ability to reach targets for at least seven of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals. By 2015, 103 nations had committed themselves to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture, while 102 countries had prioritized agriculture in their adaptation agenda. Adaptation and mitigation actions within agriculture still receive insufficient support across scales, from local to international level. This paper reviews a series of climate change adaptation and mitigation options that can support increased production, production efficiency and greater food security for 9 billion people by 2050. Climate-smart agriculture can help foster synergies between productivity, adaptation, and mitigation, although trade-offs may be equally apparent. This study highlights the importance of identifying and exploiting those synergies in the context of Nationally Determined Contributions. Finally, the paper points out that keeping global warming to 2 °C above pre-industrial levels by 2100 requires going beyond the agriculture sector and exploring possibilities with respect to reduced emissions from deforestation, food loss, and waste, as well as from rethinking human diets.

scholarly journals Open Intellectual Property Models for Plant Innovations in the Context of New Breeding Technologies

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1218
Author(s):  
Michael A. Kock
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Open Innovation ◽  
Climate Resilience ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Mitigate Climate Change ◽  
New Breeding Technologies

Plant related innovations are critical to enable of food security and mitigate climate change. New breeding technologies (NBTs) based on emerging genome editing technologies like CRISPR/Cas will facilitate “breeding-by-editing” and enable complex breeding targets—like climate resilience or water use efficiency—in shorter time and at lower costs. However, NBTs will also lead to an unprecedented patent complexity. This paper discusses implications and potential solutions for open innovation models.

Frameworks

2017 ◽  
pp. 15-20
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Climate Change Adaptation ◽  
Learning Theory ◽  
Behavioral Science ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Adaptation Practices

This chapter presents the authors' theoretical and methodological frameworks for assessing climate change adaptation. These were framed on the basis of behavioral science and learning theory. A neo-behaviorist lens has been employed in explaining adaptation following the neo-positivist tradition where inquiry is guided by a theoretical framework and implemented with mixed methods of mutually reinforcing qualitative and quantitative strands. The adaptation theme situated within these frameworks is food security. The examples of adaptation practices and technologies all pertain to food and agriculture. The context of adaptation is the agrarian community or the farm family.

scholarly journals Climate change and food security

2005 ◽  
Vol 360 (1463) ◽  
pp. 2139-2148 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.J Gregory ◽  
J.S.I Ingram ◽  
M Brklacich
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Food Systems ◽  
Food Prices ◽  
Food Distribution ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Food Utilization ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Gangetic Plain

Dynamic interactions between and within the biogeophysical and human environments lead to the production, processing, distribution, preparation and consumption of food, resulting in food systems that underpin food security. Food systems encompass food availability (production, distribution and exchange), food access (affordability, allocation and preference) and food utilization (nutritional and societal values and safety), so that food security is, therefore, diminished when food systems are stressed. Such stresses may be induced by a range of factors in addition to climate change and/or other agents of environmental change (e.g. conflict, HIV/AIDS) and may be particularly severe when these factors act in combination. Urbanization and globalization are causing rapid changes to food systems. Climate change may affect food systems in several ways ranging from direct effects on crop production (e.g. changes in rainfall leading to drought or flooding, or warmer or cooler temperatures leading to changes in the length of growing season), to changes in markets, food prices and supply chain infrastructure. The relative importance of climate change for food security differs between regions. For example, in southern Africa, climate is among the most frequently cited drivers of food insecurity because it acts both as an underlying, ongoing issue and as a short-lived shock. The low ability to cope with shocks and to mitigate long-term stresses means that coping strategies that might be available in other regions are unavailable or inappropriate. In other regions, though, such as parts of the Indo-Gangetic Plain of India, other drivers, such as labour issues and the availability and quality of ground water for irrigation, rank higher than the direct effects of climate change as factors influencing food security. Because of the multiple socio-economic and bio-physical factors affecting food systems and hence food security, the capacity to adapt food systems to reduce their vulnerability to climate change is not uniform. Improved systems of food production, food distribution and economic access may all contribute to food systems adapted to cope with climate change, but in adopting such changes it will be important to ensure that they contribute to sustainability. Agriculture is a major contributor of the greenhouse gases methane (CH 4 ) and nitrous oxide (N 2 O), so that regionally derived policies promoting adapted food systems need to mitigate further climate change.

scholarly journals Our people, our food, our planet

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cath Conn ◽  
Radilaite Cammock ◽  
Katrina Ford ◽  
Gloria Faesen Kloet ◽  
Shoba Nayar
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Food Systems ◽  
Food System ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Dietary Practices ◽  
Sustainable Food Systems ◽  
Sustainable Food ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Integrated Policy

Video link: Our people, our food, our planet: Sustainable food systems policy in the Pacific Pacific Island Countries and Territories are facing a health crisis with non communicable diseases (NCDs) currently accounting for more than 80% of deaths. In the 21st century, advances in health intervention and policy render this figure unacceptable. Multiple risk factors contribute to the NCD crisis; a leading driver being obesity due to changing dietary practices arising from the global food system. A system  which is dominated by processed foods high in starch and sugars. This situation is compounded by changes in the natural and built environments relating to climate change. Tackling this issue is beyond the sole domain of public health and is, therefore, more suited to a planetary health approach. This paper applies a sustainable food systems approach to analysing NCD policy developments in the Pacific region. In particular, three domains of policy which impact diets in the Pacific are examined: food production, climate change and sustainability, and trade. It is argued that countering the NCD crisis demands a global multisectoral approach, with governments leading the way, to develop integrated policy and interventions that will secure the future wellbeing and protection of our people, our food, our planet.

scholarly journals DAMPAK IMPLEMENTASI MANDAT KONSUMSI BAHAN BAKAR NABATI TERHADAP PEREKONOMIAN INDONESIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-78
Author(s):  
Sugiyono Sugiyono ◽  
Rina Oktaviani ◽  
Dedi Budiman Hakim ◽  
Bustanul Arifin
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Economic Growth ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Energy Security ◽  
Policy Implication ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Job Creation ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Mitigate Climate Change

Before 2006, biofuel mandate consumption was expected to contribute to increase economic growth and job creation, decrease poverty, mitigate climate change, and improve energy security. The objective of the study is an analysis of implementation of biofuel mandate in Indonesian economy. This research applied the long run of Recursive Dynamic General Equilibrium (RDGE) model by Indonesian Forecasting. Three simulations are used to increase of biofuel demand, seconds to increase of biofuel agriculture land expansion, deforestation, and rise fixed capital, and to last change agricultural and biofuel productivity. The policy of biofuel mandate implementation is effectively to increase economic growth, rise household income, and improve carbon emission, but less effective to built food security and feed, decline employment by industri for non biofuel agriculture, and descend forest and other forest outputs in Indonesia. The policy implication is to increase output for non biofuel agriculture by rising productivity and policy of import and inflation targetting to take sides for welfare farmer’s and food employee’s.  Keywords: Biofuel, RDGE, food security, carbon emission

scholarly journals Influence mechanism of climate change over crop growth and water demands for wheat-rice system of Punjab, Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirza Junaid Ahmad ◽  
Gun-Ho Cho ◽  
Sang-Hyun Kim ◽  
Seulgi Lee ◽  
Bashir Adelodun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Temperature Rise ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Crop Failure ◽  
Water Requirements ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
Water Demands ◽  
The Future

Abstract Conceptualizing the climate change perspective of crop growth and evapotranspiration (ETc) rates and subsequent irrigation water requirements (IWR) is necessary for sustaining the agriculture sector and tackling food security issues in Pakistan. This article projects the future growth periods and water demands for the wheat-rice system of Punjab. Intense and hotter transitions in the future thermal regimes and erratic monsoon rainfall increments were envisaged. The crop growth rates were accelerated by the probable temperature rise resulting in shortened growth periods. The temperature rise increased the reference evapotranspiration rates; however, the future ETc declined due to reduced growth period and net radiation. Highly unpredictable, but mostly increasing, cumulative seasonal and annual rainfalls were indicative of more effective rainfalls during the future crop seasons. Reduced ETc and increments in seasonal effective rainfalls gave rise to the declining IWR for both crops. The study findings seemingly undermined the harmful climate change influences on the water requirements of the wheat-rice system of Punjab but alarmingly shortening of growth periods indicates a higher crop failure tendency under the projected future thermal regime.

scholarly journals Rice and Climaate Change:Implication for Food Security in Nigeria:A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Diagi B. E. ◽  
Edokpa D. O. ◽  
Suzan Ajiere
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Extreme Event ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Sea Levels ◽  
Land Preparation ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
The World ◽  
Poverty Elimination

Climate change is already seen to be impacting on every aspect of life on earth especially in the agricultural sectors of developing nations. In Nigeria, and indeed the world over, seasons are shifting, temperatures are rising, landscapes are changing and sea levels are rising. Extreme event like drought and flood are becoming more frequent and pronounced. FAO in2009 further highlighted that Agriculture is expected to pay a significant cost of the damage caused by climate change. Nigeria as one of the African countries is highly vulnerable to the influence of climate change (IPCC, 2007), as this is already being experienced, in form of extreme events such as flooding, droughts in some Northern States, heat/cold waves, changes in weather patterns which have posed serious challenges to the sustainability of rice production.This will have implication for rice farming especially in Nigeria, where rain-fed agriculture is predominant, the onset and cessation of the rains ascertain the cultural practices of farmers, such as land preparation, crop variety selection and planting to harvesting (Odekunle, 2004; Umar, 2010). The implication of this will be interference with food security as rice is an essential food crop in Nigeria that is consumed by a large number of the population.The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) 2018, has warned that hunger in Africa is being made worse by the impacts of climate change as itthreatens the capacity of vulnerable countries to guarantee food security, poverty elimination and actualize sustainable development. The increasing rate of food insecurity in the world leading to different form of malnutrition is worrisome and more needs to be done in the areas of agriculture in order to ensure food security and improve on nutrition if a world without hunger is to be achieved by 2030.

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