Leveraging Private Sector Participation to Boost Environmental Protection in the People’s Republic of China

Just as a catfish placed in a tank will by its vigorous activity oxygenate the water and energise the other fish, so the private sector1 in the People’s Republic of China (PRC) is stimulating progress in other aspects of the economy. It is suggested that the changes, which include the creation of a new entrepreneurial class; setting a model for “capital operations” in the transition to a market economy; accelerating the formation of a competitive climate and acting as a pioneer, are contributing greatly to the development of the PRC. The paper concludes that the private sector provides a new dynamic force and is unlikely to be abolished again.

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2017 Press Conference Records of Ministry of Environmental Protection, the People's Republic of China

10.1007/978-981-13-7330-5 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Keyword(s):

Environmental Protection ◽

People’S Republic Of China ◽

Press Conference ◽

People's Republic Of China ◽

Republic Of China

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Environmental Regulation in the People's Republic of China: The Face of Domestic Law

The China Quarterly ◽

10.1017/s0305741000051341 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 156 ◽

pp. 788-808 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Michael Palmer

Keyword(s):

Environmental Protection ◽

Environmental Concern ◽

Environmental Law ◽

People’S Republic Of China ◽

People's Republic Of China ◽

Human Environment ◽

Republic Of China ◽

Industrial Management ◽

Global Environmental ◽

The Face

In the post-Mao era, one highly significant dimension of China's official programme of reform and integration into the international economy has been a commitment to legal construction. This commitment has included a sustained effort to fashion a basic corpus of environmental protection law alongside supportive institutions, administrative norms and policies, in order to create a “basic legal system of environmental protection” (huanjing baohu de jiben falii zhidu).' In the eyes of the authorities in the People's Republic of China, such efforts reflect a degree of environmental concern that is unusually strong for a developing society.2 China's achievements, we are often told, must be placed in the context of the considerable difficulties the PRC faces in terms of the pressing need to raise living standards, a serious problem of over-population, a shortage of natural resources, an outdated industrial infrastructure and poor industrial management.3 Of course, viewed comparatively, the PRC's embrace of environmental protection law was somewhat belated,4 only properly commencing after its participation in the 1972 United Nations Conference on the Human Environment held in Stockholm. The subsequent expansion of environmental legislation and enforcement has been some-what erratic. Nevertheless, there appears to be a continuing intent to fashion a substantial body of environmental law, and concern with the construction and revision of this was further enhanced by China's participation in the 1992 UN Conference on Environment and Development, held in Rio de Janeiro. Following this, Premier Li Peng “made a commitment to conscientiously implement resolutions adopted at the Conference”5 and, given the PRC's very substantial size and population, a positive embrace of internationally acceptable standards of environmental welfare is highly significant for future global environmental protection. This article examines the principal features and significance of the PRC's domestic environmental protection law, and considers briefly the implications of the Chinese approach to environmental law for understanding the development of law more generally in post-Mao China.

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THE DEVELOPMENT OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND PRIVATE ENTERPRISE IN THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA AND ITS RELEVANCE TO TRANSITIONAL ECONOMIES

Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship ◽

10.1142/s1084946709001132 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 14 (01) ◽

pp. 39-58 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

XIAOHONG HE

Keyword(s):

Private Sector ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Large Scale ◽

Institutional Environment ◽

Transitional Economies ◽

People’S Republic Of China ◽

Future Research ◽

People's Republic Of China ◽

Private Business ◽

Republic Of China

This paper aims to study the issues and unique characteristics surrounding the birth and development of the private sector in the People's Republic of China (China); analyze the interaction of entrepreneurial behavior and the country's unique and continuously changing regulatory and institutional environment; examine the actions, outcomes, and composition of this emerging entrepreneurial class; and analyze the implications for entrepreneurship research in transitional economies. The paper offers a model built on a dynamic and transitional cycle. Using this model, the paper examines how uncertainties, ambiguities, and changing regulatory environments may create opportunities, bolstering the entrepreneurial class as well as an impressive private sector in a country where entrepreneurs and private business can be at odds with socialist ideology and culture in addition to many regulatory and institutional obstacles. Rather than relying upon limited survey data targeted at specific locations, industries, or time periods, this study is based on seven large-scale surveys conducted from 1993 to 2006 in both urban and rural areas extending horizontally across different industries in China, with a primary focus on private business. The findings are relevant for future research and government policy in transitional economies.

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