scholarly journals Definition and Dynamics of Gender-Specific Behaviours of Latvian Males and Females

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jelena Badjanova ◽  
Dzintra Ilisko ◽  
Mariana Petrova
Keyword(s):  
Males And Females ◽  
Gender Specific

scholarly journals Influence of gender on the distribution of type 2 diabetic complications at the obafemi awolowo teaching hospital, Ile-Ife, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 294-307
Author(s):  
Adenike Enikuomehin ◽  
Babatope A Kolawole ◽  
Olubukunmi D Soyoye ◽  
Joseph O Adebayo ◽  
Rosemary T Ikem
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Macrovascular Complications ◽  
Diabetes Clinic ◽  
Therapeutic Goals ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Gender Specific Differences ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Microvascular And Macrovascular Complications ◽  
Gender Specific

Background: Sex specific differences appear particularly relevant in the management of type 2 DM. Objective: We determined gender specific differences in cardio-metabolic risk, microvascular and macrovascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods: Four hundred type 2 diabetes patients, males and females, matched for age and disease duration were recruited from the diabetes clinic. Relevant clinical and laboratory information were obtained or performed. Results: 190(47.5%) were male and 210 (52.5%) were female respectively. The mean age of the study population was 60.6 + 9.93 years. Women had higher prevalence of hypertension (and obesity. Mean total cholesterol was significantly higher in women but men were more likely to achieve LDL treatment goals than women (69.5% vs 59.0%, p<0.05). More women (47.1% & 31.4%) reached glycaemic goals of <10mmol/l for 2HPP and HBA1c of <7.0%. There were no gender differences in the distribution of microvascular and macrovascular complications (p>0.05) but women were more likely to develop moderate and severe diabetic retinopathy (p= 0.027). Conclusion: Women with T2DM had worse cardiometabolic risk profile with regards to hypertension, obesity and lipid goals. Men achieved therapeutic goals less frequently than did women in terms of glycaemia. Microvascular and macrovascular com- plications occurred commonly in both sexes. Keywords: Type 2 diabetes; gender; microvascular; macrovascular complication; cardiometabolic risks; glycaemic control. 

scholarly journals Determination of high sensitive cardiac troponin I 99th percentile upper reference limits in a healthy Pakistani population

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kulsoom Bahadur ◽  
Aamir Ijaz ◽  
Momin Salahuddin ◽  
Aftab Alam
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Troponin ◽  
Troponin I ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Cardiac Troponin I ◽  
Medical Institute ◽  
Pakistani Population ◽  
Reference Limits ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Gender Specific

Objective: This study aims to establish the 99th percentile upper reference limits of high sensitive cardiac troponin I in a healthy Pakistani population. Methods: It was an Observational cohort study carried out in Department of Chemical Pathology and Endocrinology Rehman Medical Institute Peshawar, over the period of one year (January 2019- December 2019). Total 299 cardio-healthy males and females were interviewed and taken past medical history. Based on history, clinical examination, echocardiogram and laboratory data including results of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and N-terminal pro-B-type natriureteric peptide (NT-proBNP), subjects with possible subclinical diseases were excluded. High Sensitive Cardiac Troponin I (hs-cTtrop I) was analysed on Abbot ARCHITECT STAT ci8200 using chemiluminescent immunoassay technique. The 99th percentile upper reference limit (URL) of hs-cTtrop I was determined using a non-parametric statistic, while gender specific results were compared. Results: In this study, 178 males (59.5%) and 121 females (40.5%) were included. The median Interquartile ranges (IQR) of age was 57 (11.6) for males and 56 (13) for females. The 99th percentile URL hs-cTtrop I was found to be 33.9 ng/L, while gender specific values were 38.41ng/L and 15.73ng/L for males and females, respectively (p= 0.0045). Conclusion: High sensitivity cardiac troponin I 99th percentile URL in our study population was found to be 33.9 ng/L with gender specific values being 38.41 ng/L and 15.73ng/L for males and females respectively. Troponin I in males was substantially high in comparison with females. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.6.2328 How to cite this:Bahadur K, Ijaz A, Salahuddin M, Alam A. Determination of high sensitive cardiac troponin I 99th percentile upper reference limits in a healthy Pakistani population. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(6):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.6.2328 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Effects of Gender on the Mechanical Properties of the Glenohumeral Capsule: Implications for Surgical Repair Techniques

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric J. Rainis ◽  
Carrie A. Voycheck ◽  
Elizabeth A. Timcho ◽  
Patrick J. McMahon ◽  
Richard E. Debski
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Surgical Repair ◽  
Glenohumeral Joint ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Joint Stiffness ◽  
The Body ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Glenohumeral Capsule ◽  
Gender Specific ◽  
Repair Techniques

The glenohumeral joint is the most dislocated major joint in the body and the axillary pouch of the glenohumeral capsule is the primary stabilizer at the extreme ranges of external rotation. [1] Procedures to repair the capsule following dislocation result in 12–25% of patients still experiencing pain and instability. [2] Studies performing clinical exams have found inconsistent data on differences between males and females. Increased laxity in the glenohumeral joint of females has been found as well as overall hypermobility when compared to males. [3,4] However, others have found no differences in overall joint stiffness between genders. [5] These findings suggest that a difference in the mechanical properties might exist between genders. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the effects of gender on the mechanical properties of the axillary pouch during tensile loading. A combined experimental and computational approach was used to evaluate the properties of the tissue. This data could potentially be utilized to improve surgical procedures and necessitate gender-specific repair techniques.

Childhood Abuse Classes for Incarcerated Men and Women: Are There Unique Gender Patterns in Abuse Classes?

2020 ◽  
pp. 088626052096597
Author(s):  
Nancy Wolff ◽  
Eva Aizpurua ◽  
Francisco Caravaca Sánchez ◽  
Dan Peng
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Health ◽  
Childhood Abuse ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Childhood Adversity ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Aggression Questionnaire ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Gender Patterns ◽  
Gender Specific ◽  
Incarcerated Males

Childhood adversity is predictive of poorer health and behavioral health outcomes in adulthood. Males and females are known to experience different types of childhood adversity, with females experiencing more sexual and emotional harm in childhood. Latent class analysis (LCA) has been used to identify patterns among types of childhood adversity. These studies have constructed class structures using single gender or blended gender samples. Class structures based on blended gender samples, however, may misrepresent the nuances of gender-specific adversity histories through averaging, potentially distorting the relative need for gender-specific types of intervention. This study investigated whether latent class structures of childhood abuse are equivalent for incarcerated males and females. Our sample included 4,204 residents (3,986 males, 218 females) drawn from a single prison system. Residents completed an hour-long audio computer-assisted self-interview that included questions on 10 types of childhood abuse, depression, and anxiety symptoms, the Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS), Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire, and Criminal Sentiments Scale-Modified (CSS-M). Overall, female residents were both more likely to experience childhood abuse and have more extensive victimization experiences. Small subgroups of males, however, had even more extensive victimization experiences. Abuse patterns for males and females, while optimally clustering in four classes, are rather unique, especially for higher abuse classes, in terms of distribution of membership and types of abuse. These differences may matter in terms of identifying the relative need for therapeutic intervention among incarcerated males and females and targeting those interventions in ways that reflect the gradient and density of therapeutic need. The next step is to test whether using blended or gendered latent class structures matters in terms of predicting outcomes, such as prison-based behavioral health problems, suicidality, and victimization.

Production of gender-specific morning salivary cortisol reference intervals using internationally accepted procedures

2004 ◽  
Vol 42 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajan S. Patel ◽  
Steve R. Shaw ◽  
Halena MacIntyre ◽  
Gerald W. McGarry ◽  
A. Michael Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Cortisol ◽  
Reference Data ◽  
Clinical Chemistry ◽  
Reference Intervals ◽  
International Federation ◽  
Adrenal Function ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Gender Specific ◽  
Free Plasma

AbstractBackground: Salivary cortisol concentrations correlate well with biologically active unbound free plasma cortisol concentrations. Despite its practical and analytical advantages, salivary cortisol measurement has been used mainly as a research tool rather than for the routine evaluation of adrenal function. This may be partly explained by the lack of robust reference data in the literature.Methods: Using the recommended procedures for the production of reference intervals published by the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry, we aimed to produce morning salivary cortisol reference intervals for males and females. Salivary cortisol was measured in 496 specimens collected from 248 reference individuals (128 males, median age 41years, range 16–86; and 120 females, median age 44years, range 16–98) attending an otorhinolaryngology clinic. Reference individuals mailed saliva specimens sampled on two consecutive mornings to our laboratory, where cortisol concentrations were measured.Results: Statistical analysis showed no significant correlation with age or body mass index. The following 95% gender-partitioned reference intervals were produced: males 10.9–40.3nmol/l; and females 9.3–40.3nmol/l.Conclusion: Knowledge of these salivary cortisol reference intervals helps us monitor the adrenal function of outpatients using topical intranasal glucocorticoids for rhinosinusitis.

scholarly journals Analysis of gender representation in basic level English textbooks in Ghana

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-109
Author(s):  
F. N.K. Nunoo ◽  
D. P. Mensah ◽  
E. Adu Boahen ◽  
I. E. N. Nunoo
Keyword(s):  
Gender Bias ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Gender Stereotype ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Critical Knowledge ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
English Textbooks ◽  
Stereotypical Roles ◽  
Gender Specific ◽  
Basic Level

Textbooks are known to influence the behaviours and worldview of children. Apart from imparting critical knowledge to pupils, textbooks also encourage pupils to form certain perceptions and stereotypes, including the ‘appropriate’ gender-specific roles in society. This paper examined gender stereotypes in the content and design of the Pupil’s English textbook at the Basic Level in Ghana using content analysis. The study revealed that, as teaching materials, the English Pupil’s Books 1, 2 and 3 displayed gross gender bias that reinforces the stereotypical roles of males and females in Ghanaian society. This does not reflect the development of society towards equality between men and women since there was no equality in how both genders are represented in the textbooks.Keywords: Gender; stereotype; gender stereotype; textbooks 

scholarly journals Female fatality due to cholera was higher than male. Studies of four cholera epidemics in the Poznań Province in the second half of the 19th century

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grazyna Liczbinska ◽  
Miroslav Králík
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Social Roles ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Contaminated Water ◽  
Death Rates ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Causes Of Deaths ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Gender Specific

Abstract Males and females differ in terms of patterns of morbidity and mortality resulting from diseases. It has been tested whether cholera epidemics killed selectively by sex in historical populations. Four cholera epidemics in the Poznań Province: 1852, 1855, 1866, and 1873 have been studied. Data have been derived from death registers of the selected parishes located on the territory of the Poznań Province. In total, the information about 34, 655 individual cases, with the causes of deaths recognized, has been used, encompassing 18,243 males and 16,325 females. More females than males died in the periods of cholera epidemics than in non- epidemic ones. The values of sex ratio at death from cholera (SRDCh) during the earlier epidemics (1852, 1855) and later epidemics (1866, 1873) were 0.91 and 0.97, respectively. A significant variances in the sex ratio at death (SRD) have been observed between the cholera epidemics periods (SRD=0.89) and non-epidemic periods (SRD=1.13) in Poznań. The gender-specific cholera death rates could have been related to the division of social roles between women and men. Women more frequently than men had contact with contaminated water, e.g. when preparing and cooking meals, feeding, caring for and washing children and caring for sick family members.

scholarly journals Gender inequality and national gender gaps in overconfidence

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. e0249459
Author(s):  
Hayk Amirkhanyan ◽  
Michał Wiktor Krawczyk ◽  
Maciej Wilamowski
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equality ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Large Dataset ◽  
Gender Gaps ◽  
Marathon Runners ◽  
Weak Relationship ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Specific

Using a large dataset of marathon runners, we estimate country- and gender-specific proxies for overconfidence. Subsequently, we correlate them with a number of indices, including various measures of gender equality. We find that in less gender-equal countries both males and females tend to be more self-confident than in more equal countries. While a substantial gender gap in overconfidence is observed, it only correlates with some sub-indices of gender equality. We conclude that there is likely a weak relationship between OC gender gap and gender inequality.

scholarly journals Gender bias in sentiment analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mike Thelwall
Keyword(s):  
Sentiment Analysis ◽  
Gender Bias ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Gender Specific ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to test if there are biases in lexical sentiment analysis accuracy between reviews authored by males and females. Design/methodology/approach This paper uses data sets of TripAdvisor reviews of hotels and restaurants in the UK written by UK residents to contrast the accuracy of lexical sentiment analysis for males and females. Findings Male sentiment is harder to detect because it is less explicit. There was no evidence that this problem could be solved by gender-specific lexical sentiment analysis. Research limitations/implications Only one lexical sentiment analysis algorithm was used. Practical implications Care should be taken when drawing conclusions about gender differences from automatic sentiment analysis results. When comparing opinions for product aspects that appeal differently to men and women, female sentiments are likely to be overrepresented, biasing the results. Originality/value This is the first evidence that lexical sentiment analysis is less able to detect the opinions of one gender than another.

Thyroid volume influences serum calcitonin levels in a thyroid-healthy population: results of a 3-assay, 519 subjects study

2012 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Giovanella ◽  
Mauro Imperiali ◽  
Anna Ferrari ◽  
Alessia Palumbo ◽  
Lorella Lippa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Volume ◽  
Reference Population ◽  
Specific Reference ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
Reference Ranges ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Serum Calcitonin ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Gender Specific

AbstractWe aimed to assess determinants for serum calcitonin (CT) levels and to define reference ranges for different CT immunoassays integrating thyroid ultrasonography (TUS) and conventional clinical and biochemical criteria to select the reference population.Five hundred and nineteen thyroid-healthy subjects were included in this prospective cross-sectional population study. Thyroid volume was measured by TUS, while serum CT levels were measured by three different immunoassays.Significant interassay differences were found and the agreement between assays was poor. CT levels were higher in males than in females in all immunoassays. Using the first two assays, both gender and thyroid volume were independent determinants for CT levels. While using the third assay, one thyroid volume was the only determinant for CT levels.Thyroid volume is a relevant determinant for CT levels. In the clinical practice, the difference of the thyroid sizes in males and females warrants gender-specific reference ranges.

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