scholarly journals Scottish Pre-School Vision Screening – First 3 Years of National Data

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-18
Author(s):  
Lee Pentland ◽  
Sirjhun Patel
Keyword(s):  
Vision Screening ◽  
National Data ◽  
School Vision

scholarly journals Unexpectedly high prevalence of asthenopia in Australian school children identified by the CISS survey tool

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara M. Junghans ◽  
Serap Azizoglu ◽  
Sheila G. Crewther
Keyword(s):  
Handheld Devices ◽  
Vision Screening ◽  
School Students ◽  
Visual Discomfort ◽  
Survey Tool ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
School Vision ◽  
Accommodative Convergence ◽  
The Mean ◽  
General School

Abstract Background To date there have been few systematic attempts to establish the general prevalence of asthenopia in unselected populations of school-aged children. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine whether the incorporation of Borsting et al’s 2003 Revised Convergence-Insufficiency Symptom Survey (CISS) into a general school vision screening could aid in the identification of children with visual discomfort and indicate the need for further investigation. Methods Vision screening of an unselected middle school population investigated and analysed the incidence of self-reported nearwork-related visual discomfort via the CISS along with distance and near visual acuities plus non-cycloplegic autorefraction using a Shin-Nippon NVision-K 5001. Results Of the 384 unselected students approached in Grades 6–9, 353 participated (92.2%, mean 13.2 ± 1.4 years). The mean CISS score for the population without amblyopia and/or strabismus (96.0% of all students) was 16.8 ± 0.6, i.e., 45% of students in this cohort had CISS scores greater than one standard deviation above the mean found by Borsting et al. in 2003 during their validation study of the CISS on 9 to 18 year old children without binocular anomalies. Regression analyses indicated significantly higher (p < 0.001) mean CISS scores for the 3.2% who were hyperopes ≥ + 2.00D by non-cycloplegic autorefraction (27.7 ± 14.7) and for those who were amblyopic (24.3 ± 6.6) or strabismic (34.0 ± 9.8). The mean CISS score of 31.6 ± 9.0 for non-amblyopic/strabismic students having near vision poorer than 0.1 LogMAR was significantly higher (p < 0.001) than for those with good acuity. Conclusion The most important finding of this study was the high incidence of asthenopia in an unselected population and that refractive status per se was not a major contributor to CISS scores. The results highlight the usefulness of the CISS questionnaire for assessment of visual discomfort in school vision screenings and the need for future exploration of near binocular vision status as a potential driver of asthenopia in school students, especially given current trends for frequent daily use of computers and handheld devices and necessarily prolonged accommodative-convergence effort at near, both at school and at home.

scholarly journals School vision screening programmes in reducing uncorrected refractive error among children in Low and Middle-Income countries-LMIC (systematic review)

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 91-105
Author(s):  
Abraham Opare ◽  
Leila H Abdullahi ◽  
Deon Minnies ◽  
Colin Cook ◽  
Maylene Shung-King ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Academic Performance ◽  
School Children ◽  
Refractive Error ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Vision Screening ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
School Vision ◽  
Uncorrected Refractive Error

ackground: The prevalence of uncorrected refractive error among school-age children is on the rise with detrimental effect on academic performance and socio-economic status of those affected. School vision screening programmes appear to be an effective way of identifying children with uncorrected refractive errors so early intervention can be made. Despite the increasing popularity of school vision screening programmes over the past few years, there is a lot of debate on its effectiveness in reducing the proportion of children with uncorrected refractive error in the long term, especially in settings where resources are limited. Some studies argue that school vision screening programmes are effective while other studies have reported otherwise. The purpose of this systematic review was to assess the effectiveness of school vision screening programmes in reducing uncorrected refractive error among children in low and middle income countries using evidence from published studies. Methods and findings: A comprehensive and systematic strategy was used to search various databases including PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) which contains the Cochrane Eyes and vision Trial Register, the Cochrane Library, Medline (1980-2018), CINAHL, Academic Search Premier, Web of Science, the WHO’s Library Information System, Africa-Wide and Scopus. The search was restricted to articles published in English. Randomized control trials, cross-sectional studies, case-control studies and cohort studies were included in this review. Participants included school children with refractive error. Full-text review of search results, data extraction and risk of bias assessment was done by two independent reviewers. The certainty of the evidence was assessed using the GRADE approach and data were pooled using the random-effect model. Thirty studies met the inclusion criteria. This review found moderate certainty evidence indicating that school vision screenings may be effective in reducing uncorrected refractive error among school children by 81% (95% CI: 77%; 84%), 24% (95% CI: 13%; 35%) and 20% (95% CI: 18%; 22%) at two, six, and more than six months respectively after its introduction. Results: Results of this review also suggest that school vision screening may be effective in achieving 54% (95% CI: 25%; 100%), 57% (95% CI: 46%; 70%), 37% (95% CI: 26%; 52%), and 32% (95% CI: 14%; 72%) spectacle-wear compliance among school children at less than three months, at three months, at six months and at more than six months respectively after its introduction (low to moderate certainty evidence). This review further found moderate to high certainty evidence indicating that school vision screening, together with provision of spectacles, may be relatively cost effective, safe and has a positive impact on the academic performance of school children. Conclusion: The findings of this review show that school vision screening, together with provision of spectacles, may be a safe and cost-effective way of reducing the proportion of children with uncorrected refractive error, with long-term positive impact on academic performance of children. Most of the studies included in this review were, however, conducted in Asia. Research to investigate the effectiveness of school vision screening programmes in other parts of the world like Africa where few studies have been conducted is highly recommended

Implementing a School Vision Screening Program in Botswana Using Smartphone Technology

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-258
Author(s):  
Tomas Andersen ◽  
Maipelo Jeremiah ◽  
Keitumetse Thamane ◽  
Ryan Littman-Quinn ◽  
Zambo Dikai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Screening Program ◽  
Vision Screening ◽  
School Vision ◽  
Smartphone Technology

The Use of a Mobile Van for School Vision Screening: Results of 63 841 Evaluations

2016 ◽  
Vol 163 ◽  
pp. 108-114.e1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph F. Griffith ◽  
Rhonda Wilson ◽  
Heather C. Cimino ◽  
Mayme Patthoff ◽  
Daniel F. Martin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vision Screening ◽  
School Vision

Exploring Pre-school Vision Screening in Primary Care Offices in Alabama

2012 ◽  
Vol 89 (10) ◽  
pp. 1521-1531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy L. Marsh-Tootle ◽  
Marcela G. Frazier ◽  
Connie L. Kohler ◽  
Carey M. Dillard ◽  
Kathryn Davis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Vision Screening ◽  
School Vision

scholarly journals Amplitude, facility and accuracy of accommodation in a primary school population

2008 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
V. R. Moodley
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Vision Screening ◽  
Microsoft Excel ◽  
School Population ◽  
School Vision ◽  
School Career ◽  
Visual Problems ◽  
Accommodative Amplitude ◽  
Accommodative Facility

Vision screening at an early age in children is important as it can identify aspects in the visual system that may need to be managed to enable a child to function optimally at school.  The National School Vision Screening Programme was discontinued in many provinces of South Africa, often due to a lack of financial resources or adequately trained personnel. This action has resulted in the majority of children not having a visual examination during their school career.  In a few instances where vision screenings are performed, these are usually limited to visual acuity (VA) evaluation alone; an endeavour that may miss many significant visual problems.  The purpose of this article is to highlight the need for vision screening to be conducted in schools and for the screening protocols to include the various accommodative tests. A retrospective analysis of the amplitudes of accommodation, accommodative facility and accuracy of accommodation findingsfrom a primary school vision screening of 264 children between 6 and 13 years was undertaken in this study.  Data was captured and analysed with Microsoft Excel. The ages of the children ranged from 6 to 13 years with a mean of 9.38 years (SD = 1.85).  One hundred and thirty eight (52.3%) were males and 126 (47.7%) females.  A significant number of the children failed the monocular accommodative amplitude tests (24%), binocular accommodative amplitude test (26%), the accommodative facility (30%) and the MEM test (27%).  These results highlight the need for a more comprehensive vision screening exercise rather than VA alone as this approach would have  missed more than a quarter of the children who had other visual problems that could impact on their ability to perform optimally at school.

scholarly journals Is Prematurity a Risk Factor for Refractive Errors in Children? Results from School Vision Screening Program

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (42) ◽  
pp. 2380-2383
Author(s):  
Kajal Seema Sukumaran ◽  
Jayalekshmi Thankamma ◽  
Prasenna Meleaveetil ◽  
Kavitha Syamala
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Refractive Errors ◽  
Vision Screening ◽  
School Vision ◽  
Preterm Group

BACKGROUND The prevalence of refractive errors is reported to be higher in children born preterm. Factors like gestational age, birth weight and retinopathy of prematurity status have a significant impact on the refractive development in preterm infants. Population based long term follow up studies on the refractive status in preterm infants are limited. We designed this study to assess whether prematurity is a risk factor for refractive errors in children. METHODS This study was conducted among children aged 5 - 16 years who participated in the school vision screening program over a period of one year. All children underwent detailed ocular examination including measurement of best corrected visual acuity, cycloplegic refraction and fundoscopy. Visual acuity was assessed using an internally illuminated Snellen’s chart at 6 meters. Objective refraction by streak retinoscopy after instilling 1 % cyclopentolate eye drops was done in all children with visual acuity ≤ 6 / 9. Children were divided into two groups based on their gestational age at birth - preterm group and full-term group. Preterm birth was defined as childbirth before 37 completed weeks of gestation. Children were enrolled in the study only if the hospital birth document showing gestational age and birth weight was available. Children with co-existing organic disease affecting the eye contributing to the diminished visual acuity such as congenital cataract, glaucoma, and corneal opacities were excluded from the study. Those who had undergone any ocular surgery were also excluded. RESULTS One thousand two hundred and ninety-five children were enrolled in the study of which 700 (54.1 %) were boys and 595 (45.9 %) were girls. Median age of the enrolled children was 12 years. The number of pre-term births was 287 (22.2 %). Of the 1295 students screened, 273 (21 %) had refractive errors. Among the children with refractive errors, astigmatism was the most common refractive error (10.6 %), followed by myopia (8.5 %) and hypermetropia (1.9 %). Refractive errors were statistically more prevalent in preterm group (34.1 %), when compared with term born children (17.3 %), p = < 0.001. Compared to the term born children, preterm group had significantly higher prevalence of myopia; 16.4 % vs 6.3 % (p = < 0.001) and astigmatism; 15.3 % vs 9.3% (p = 0.003). There was no statistically significant difference in the prevalence of hypermetropia among the two groups; 2.4 vs. 1.8 (p = 0.477). CONCLUSIONS There is strong association between prematurity and refractive errors. These findings prompt long term monitoring of the refractive and visual outcome in preterm infants for diagnosing refractive errors at the earliest. This helps to prevent the consequent amblyopia and the ensuing permanent visual function deficits. KEYWORDS Prematurity, Refractive Error, Myopia, Hypermetropia, Astigmatism

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