scholarly journals Managerial discretion in non-profit organizations: An application to Spanish work accident mutuals

2006 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 39-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugenia Suárez-Serrano
Keyword(s):  
Property Rights ◽  
Transaction Costs ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Managerial Discretion ◽  
Governance Mechanisms ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Economic Rationale ◽  
The Status ◽  
Work Accident ◽  
Excess Power

This paper explores the problems of managerial discretion in the non-profit sector, with special consideration to Spanish Work Accident Mutuals (MATEPs). Firstly, from Transaction Costs, Property Rights and Agency perspectives, the economic rationale of mutuals is analyzed, paying particular attention to MATEP’s peculiarities and incentives in terms of competition, regulation and ownership. Subsequently, the effectiveness of governance mechanisms is discussed, showing that the status quo leaves excess power in the hands of the managers of these organizations

Your Place or Mine? Institutional Capture and the Creation of Overlapping International Institutions

2014 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 799-827 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Urpelainen ◽  
Thijs Van de Graaf
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Transaction Costs ◽  
Intellectual Property Rights ◽  
International Institutions ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Third Parties ◽  
Political Pressure ◽  
The Status ◽  
Bargaining Approach

Why do states create overlapping international institutions? This practice presents a puzzle: conventional wisdom suggests that states should use existing institutions to minimize the transaction costs of co-operation. This article proposes a bargaining approach to explain thede novocreation of overlapping international institutions. In this model, a dissatisfied ‘challenger’ state threatens to create a new institution, and a ‘defender’ state can propose to reform the currently focal institution. Overlapping institutions are created when the currently focal institution is (1) captured by interests opposed to the challenger and (2) domestic political pressure to abandon the status quo is intense. Similar to models of deterrence, the expectation that the new institution garners support among third parties is irrelevant for the equilibrium likelihood ofde novocreation. A comparative analysis of international bargaining over energy, whaling and intellectual property rights provides empirical evidence.

scholarly journals Property Rights in Space

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-146
Author(s):  
David Sarnacki
Keyword(s):  
Property Rights ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Outer Space ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Modern View ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
Outer Space Treaty

This Note will discuss why maintaining the status quo, while waiting for the technology to mature, will encourage development and strengthen the industry before being smothered by laws and regulations promulgated by parties who may have conflicts of interest. This Note will first explain why scientists are attempting to mine asteroids. It will then examine the rules that apply, including the two main space treaties (the Outer Space Treaty and the Moon Treaty), the modern view of the court, and the history of deep-sea mining. Finally, this Note will apply the treaties to modern plans being developed to harvest an asteroid.

scholarly journals Study on Physical Account and Value Account of Sea Area Resources

2019 ◽  
Vol 93 ◽  
pp. 01001
Author(s):  
P Wang ◽  
X Lin ◽  
Y H Yu
Keyword(s):  
Property Rights ◽  
Natural Resource ◽  
Necessary Conditions ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Standard System ◽  
Basic Information ◽  
Accounting Standard ◽  
A Value ◽  
The Status ◽  
Sea Area

Conducting surveys on the status quo of sea area resources, figuring out the basic information about endowment of sea area resources, constructing an accounting standard system for sea area resource assets - value and establishing a physical account and a value account for sea area resource reserve are the foundation for sea area price evaluation and necessary conditions for the perfection of natural resource asset property rights system. This paper analyzes the survey on the status quo of sea area resources in China and the status quo of resource account and value account, brings up a problem that surveys and accountings of sea area resources cannot meet the management requirements of paid utilization of sea area and offers specific suggestions such as carrying out surveys on the space resources of sea area, evaluating the value of resources.

scholarly journals Property, redistribution, and the status quo: a laboratory study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantin Chatziathanasiou ◽  
Svenja Hippel ◽  
Michael Kurschilgen
Keyword(s):  
Property Rights ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
The Self ◽  
Lower Status ◽  
The Status ◽  
Self Enforcement ◽  
Positive Effect

Abstract We report experimental evidence showing a positive effect of redistribution on economic efficiency via the self-enforcement of property rights, and identify which status groups benefit more and which less. We model an economy in which wealth is produced if players voluntarily comply with the—efficient but inequitable—prevailing social order. We vary exogenously whether redistribution is feasible, and how it is organized. We find that redistribution benefits all status groups as property disputes recede. It is most effective when transfers are not discretionary but instead imposed by some exogenous administration. In the absence of coercive means to enforce property rights, it is the higher status groups, not the lower status groups, who benefit from redistribution being compulsory rather than voluntary.

Otra vez los consorcios administrativos: novedades introducidas por la Ley 40/2015 de régimen jurídico del sector público

2016 ◽  
pp. 473-513
Author(s):  
Francisco TOSCANO GIL
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Legal Regime ◽  
State Legislation ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Status

LABURPENA: Sektore publikoaren araubide juridikoari buruzko urriaren 1eko 40/2015 Legea administrazio-partzuergoen lege-araubidearen hirugarren erreforma da urte pare bateko epearen barruan, eta berriro aldatu du erakunde horien status quo delakoa. Azken erreforma hau, neurri handi batean, aurreko bi erreformen bategitea den arren, berritasun nabarmen batzuk ere ekarri ditu eta, horiekin batera, zenbait zuzenketa tekniko ere bai, guztiak ere lan honetan aztertu nahi izan direnak. Estatuko oinarrizko legerian sartu diren berritasunen artean bi behintzat azpimarratzekoak dira: bata da salbuespen bat sartu zaiola partzuergoko langileak berorretan parte hartzen duten Administrazioetatik datozenak soilik izan daitezkeela zioen arauari, eta bestea, partzuergoan sartzea ahalbidetzen zaien erakunde pribatuei jada ez zaiela eskatzen irabazi asmorik gabekoak izatea. RESUMEN: La Ley 40/2015, de 1 de octubre, de régimen jurídico del sector público es la tercera reforma del régimen legal de los consorcios administrativos en un plazo de apenas dos años, volviendo a alterar nuevamente el status quo de estas entidades. Aunque esta última reforma es en gran medida una refundición de las dos reformas anteriores, también introduce algunas novedades significativas, así como algunas correcciones técnicas, que constituyen el objeto de este trabajo. Entre las novedades introducidas por la legislación estatal básica deben destacarse dos: la introducción de una excepción a la regla de que el personal del consorcio proceda exclusivamente de las Administraciones participantes, y la supresión de la exigencia de que las entidades privadas a las que se permite integrarse en el consorcio lo sean sin ánimo de lucro. ABSTRACT : Act 40/2015 of October 1st on the legal regime of the public sector is the third reform to the legal regime of administrative consortiums in no longer than two years, where the status quo of those entities has been changed again. Although this last reform is to a great extent a recast of the two previous reforms, it also introduces substantial novelties, together with some technical amendments and that is this works’ purpose. Outstanding among the novelties introduced by the basic State legislation are two: the introduction of an excepction to the rule that the consortium’s staff belongs only to the participating administrations and the abolition of the requirement that private entities part of a consortium shall be non-profit bodies.

scholarly journals Procedures for Dispute Resolution or for Commercial Control?: Reinforcing the Status Quo in Internet Governance

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-52
Author(s):  
Jisuk Woo
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Dispute Resolution ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Centralized Control ◽  
Role Of Government ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Domain Names ◽  
Resolution System ◽  
The Status

This study examines how Internaet domain names came to be governed by ICANN, a non-governmental, non-profit private international organization, and investigates how domain name disputes are dealt with by its newly adopted UDRP(Uniform Dispute Resolution System). The analysis examines UDRP policy and rules, and empirically assesses the relationship between decisions of the proceedings and the different factors involved. The findings show that UDRP operates in ways that maximize the commercial interests of existing, large companies at the expense of interests of individuals and small, new companies. The current regime, gives priority to preempting intellectual property-related disputes to protect intellectual property rights, rather than coordinating the use of domain names by individuals and companies. In this process, the commercial status quo of the Internet is reinforced, and the Internet is ironically placed under the most centralized control because the UDRP system is forces upon all gTLD domain names. This paper concludes excluding government and relying on private ordering and self-governance for rule making and the procedures of alternative dispute resolution, may be dangerous to individual interests, especially when the role of government is excluded and individuals' participation remains low.

CORRUPTION AND THE OUTSIDER: MULTINATIONAL ENTERPRISES IN THE TRANSITIONAL ECONOMY OF VIETNAM

2001 ◽  
Vol 46 (01) ◽  
pp. 63-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
ELIZABETH MAITLAND
Keyword(s):  
Property Rights ◽  
Multinational Enterprises ◽  
Rent Seeking ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Public Office ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Key Characteristics ◽  
Private Rights ◽  
The Status

Transitional Vietnam exhibits key characteristics that economists argue are conducive to corrupt practices and, by knock-on effects, to slower economic growth. The process of liberalisation has shifted the status quo in Vietnam, permitting entry by a wider pool of bribe-takers and bribe-givers. Standard economic definitions of corruption focus on the abuse of public office for private gain, whereby corrupt practices are modelled as distortions in the distribution of government provided goods and services. This paper modifies existing models, specifying corruption as a distortion to the definition, allocation and/or enforcement of property rights. The model incorporates an explicit role for the incentive set that shapes behaviour by government officials, private individuals and firms. Abuse of public office is modelled as a distortion to property rights, including the re-assignment of private rights as the result of lobbying or rent-seeking activities. Local norms may sanction corruption against certain groups. The MNE is one case in point; others include different ethnic, religious and socio-economic groups. As outsiders in an environment historically hostile to "outsiders", MNEs represent "easy" corruption targets.

Property Rights and Transitional Justice: A Forward-Looking Argument

2013 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nahshon Perez
Keyword(s):  
Property Rights ◽  
Transitional Justice ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Forward Looking

Abstract. This article aims to describe a forward-looking approach to the problem of property rights in transitional justice contexts. Undemocratic regimes violate property rights in various ways, from simple theft to violations of opportunities to appropriate. Therefore, post-transition situations entail an obligation to correct such injustices. However, returning to the status quo ante is complex, costly and requires information that is often not available. An alternative is the suggested FCR: forward looking, commensurable and redistributive. Such an approach emphasizes the creation of a baseline of ownership and welfare rather than an attempt to return to the status quo ante.Résumé. Cet article tente de décrire un argument tourné vers l'avenir au sujet du problème des droits de propriété en contexte de justice transitionnelle. Les régimes non démocratiques violent les droits de propriété de multiple façons, de la simple usurpation à la violation des opportunités d'appropriation. Par conséquent, les situations post transitionnelles impliquent une obligation de corriger de telles injustices. Cependant, le retour au status quo ante s'avère complexe, coûteux et requiert de l'information qui, souvent, n'est plus disponible. Une alternative est l'argument suggéré FCR : prospectif, commensurable et redistributif. Une telle approche met l'emphase sur la création des conditions de base du droit à la propriété et du bien-être, plutôt que sur la tentative de restituer le status quo antérieur.

scholarly journals Private Property in Communist Czechoslovakia

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 327-343
Author(s):  
Jan Demela ◽  
Štěpán Mikula
Keyword(s):  
Property Rights ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Private Property ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Communist Regime ◽  
Rights Protection ◽  
Property Rights Protection ◽  
The Status ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Given

Abstract This article analyses the development of legislation regarding private property in Czechoslovakia between 1948 and 1989 and summarizes available empirical data relating to property rights protection in the given period. Although the legislation took gradual steps towards diminishing the status of private property, no laws were passed that officially or entirely terminated its existence. The legislation of the 1960s set a status quo which codified property rights until the fall of the Communist regime in 1989. Most of the empirical data, which are available only for the 1980s, do not show any significant trend, corresponding with the unaltered situation in the legislation of that decade.

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