scholarly journals Characteristics of the board of directors and involvement in innovation activities: A cognitive perspective

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 34-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamel Chouaibi ◽  
Younes Boujelbene ◽  
Habib Affes
Keyword(s):  
Board Of Directors ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Cognitive Perspective ◽  
Innovation Activities ◽  
Inside Directors ◽  
The Board Of Directors ◽  
Innovation Policies

This article focuses on the relationship between the characteristics of the board of directors and the innovation policies in the Tunisian context from a cognitive perspective of corporate governance. The method used in this study is based on the regression analysis. We directly regress the board of directors’ characteristics with the firm level of innovation. Our model includes some control variables such as the firm’s size, the firm’s sector of activity and even whether firm is listed or not. We empirically demonstrate that only the inside directors and the duality of the CEO are positively and significantly associated with the firm’s level of innovation. Moreover, the empirical results show that the big size of the board has a negative impact on the development of innovative firms. In the same way, we demonstrate that the compensation system which is based on long-term objectives has no influence on the determination of the innovation policies in Tunisian firms.

scholarly journals Impact of COVID-19 on the trade of goods and services in Spain

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Asier Minondo
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Containment Measures ◽  
Trade Of Services ◽  
The Impact

Purpose This paper aims to analyze the impact of COVID-19 on the trade of goods and services in Spain. Design/methodology/approach This paper uses monthly trade data at the product, region and firm level. Findings The COVID-19 crisis has led to the sharpest collapse in the Spanish trade of goods and services in recent decades. The containment measures adopted to arrest the spread of the virus have caused an especially intense fall of trade in services. The large share of transport equipment, capital goods, products that are consumed outdoors (i.e., outdoor goods) and tourism in Spanish exports has made the COVID-19 trade crisis more intense in Spain than in the rest of the European Union. Practical implications The nature of the collapse suggests that trade in goods can recover swiftly when the health crisis ends. However, COVID-19 may have a long-term negative impact on the trade of services that rely on the movement of people. Originality/value It contributes to understand how COVID-19 has affected the trade in goods and services in Spain.

scholarly journals Evolving Predictions for Executive Pay Features in Board Networks

MENDEL ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-64
Author(s):  
Ami Hauptman ◽  
Amit Benbassat ◽  
Rosit Rosenboim
Keyword(s):  
Quality Prediction ◽  
Executive Pay ◽  
Problem Space ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Corporate Decisions ◽  
Level Data ◽  
The Board Of Directors ◽  
Board Networks

Numerous recent studies in finance literature have shown that board networks are an important inter-corporate setting, influencing corporate decisions made by the board of directors, for example the determination of executive pay features. In this paper, we evolve predictors for the existence and adoption of several important pay features among S&P1500 companies, over the period 2006--2012. We use data from five well-known financial databases, including hundreds of variables containing both director-level and firm-level data. We present two approaches for predicting executive pay features. The first approach is based on a Genetic Algorithm (GA) used to evolve predictors based on weighted vectors of the predicting variables, providing relatively easy to understand prediction rules. The second approach employs Genetic Programming (GP) with sets of functions and terminals we devised specifically for this domain, based on contemporary research in finance. Thus, the GP approach explores a wider problem space and allows for more complex feature combinations. Experiments using both methods attain high quality prediction results, when compared to previous results in finance research. Additionally, our model is capable of successfully predicting combinations of pay features, compared to standard empirical models in finance, under various experimental conditions.

scholarly journals The effectiveness of the internal corporate governance mechanism and the ownership of the government and agencies

Accounting ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 1655-1660
Author(s):  
Khaled Salmen Aljaaidi
Keyword(s):  
Board Of Directors ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Governance Mechanism ◽  
Board Size ◽  
Internal Governance Mechanisms ◽  
The Board Of Directors ◽  
The Government ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

This paper examines the impact of the government and its agencies’ ownership on the effectiveness of one the main internal governance mechanisms, namely; board of directors, for a sample of 140 energy and petrochemical Saudi listed firms over 2012-2019. The Saudi Arabia provides an interesting context due to the domination of government-linked corporations’ ownership. This setting arranges for the impact of such ownership on the board of directors’ monitoring and advisory roles. The board of directors’ effectiveness is measured as an interaction term of the board size and meetings of the board of directors. The study finds that government-linked energy and petrochemical corporations’ ownerships are inversely related to the board of directors’ effectiveness. This result is sensitive to the measurement of the board of directors’ effectiveness as each variable consisting of the board of directors’ effectiveness was examined individually. The study also finds that government-linked corporations’ ownership had a strong negative impact on the board size. In contrast, the proposed model does not provide any evidence supporting the relationship of the government-linked corporations’ ownerships with board meetings. Overall, the evidence supports the substitution hypothesis on the relationship of government-linked corporations and board of directors’ effectiveness.

The effect of the Sarbanes–Oxley Act on firm productivity

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-142
Author(s):  
Hsihui Chang ◽  
Helen HL Choy
Keyword(s):  
Capital Investment ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Firm Productivity ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Content Type ◽  
A Value ◽  
Sarbanes Oxley ◽  
Output Elasticity ◽  
Level Data

Purpose This paper aims to examine the effect of the Sarbanes–Oxley Act (SOX), which was signed by President George W. Bush and came into effect on July 30, 2002, on firm productivity. Design/methodology/approach The authors use the total factor productivity (TFP) as our measure of firm productivity. Findings Analyzing annual firm-level data from the Compustat database for the period of 1991-2006, the authors find that firm productivity increases at a higher rate in the post-SOX period. The results indicate that, although firms incur significant costs in complying with the requirements of the SOX, they also benefit from these requirements as evidenced by the improved productivity over time post-SOX. There is also a shift in the output elasticities from capital toward labor. The SOX has a positive effect on the output elasticity of labor but a negative impact on that of capital. Research limitations/implications The results have the following important implications. The SOX is a value-enhancing regulation in that it not only strengthens a firm’s corporate governance but also improves its productivity. However, compliance with the SOX can impose a long-term cost on firms: the decrease in the capital investment, leading to a decline in the output elasticity of capital. If this decline in the capital investment continues, it can have an adverse effect on firm productivity in the long term. Originality/value This paper extends the literature along the line of the actual operational effects of the SOX regulation by examining its effect on the productivity of firms.

Board of Directors : Theory and Practice in Dairy Cooperatives

1993 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 21-28
Author(s):  
Ajit Kanitkar ◽  
N V Belavadi
Keyword(s):  
Board Of Directors ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Critical Difference ◽  
Strategic Issues ◽  
Corporate Organization ◽  
The Board Of Directors ◽  
Day To Day Operations ◽  
Dairy Cooperatives ◽  
Cooperative Organization

Theoretically, the Board of Directors (BOD) of organizations belonging to corporate as well as cooperative sectors is expected to have a long-term, strategic focus. However, a critical difference between the BOD of a corporate organization and a cooperative organization is that the latter is constituted by user-members and are, therefore, expected to truly reflect user-owners' commitment to the organization. Against this backdrop, this paper by Ajit Kanitkar and N V Belavadi examines the dominant concerns of the BOD of cooperative sector organizations by analysing the agenda-items of Board meetings of federated dairy cooperatives. According to the authors, the BOD in this sector is more concerned with day-to-day operations than strategic issues.

scholarly journals Quantitative aspects ofMycoplasma pneumoniae-cell relationships in cultures of lung diploid fibroblasts

1969 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. M. Larin ◽  
N. V. Saxby ◽  
D. Buggey
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Board Of Directors ◽  
Multiplicity Of Infection ◽  
Diploid Fibroblasts ◽  
Profound Influence ◽  
The Board Of Directors ◽  
Culture Models ◽  
Cell Culture Models

SUMMARYThe FH strain ofMycoplasma pneumoniaewas studied in experimentally infected cultures of lung diploid fibroblasts. The multiplicity of infection was found to have a profound influence on the distribution of the cell-associated and extra-cellular mycoplasmas. At a high multiplicity there was very little difference between the ratio of cell-associated and extracellular mycoplasmas. In contrast, with a low multiplicity the cell-associated mycoplasmas predominated and with further reductions of the inoculum only the cell-associated mycoplasmas could be detected. The significance of these findings is discussed. It is suggested that caution has to be exercised in the determination of the potency of antibiotics against mycoplasma by methods employing acellular media alone, and it is desirable to utilize also appropriate cell culture models. A possible approach to designing such models is provided by this study.We express our appreciation to the Tissue Culture Laboratory, Pfizer Limited, Sandwich, for kindly supplying us with cell cultures. We furthermore thank the Board of Directors, Pfizer Limited, for permission to publish this study. The helpful discussions with our colleagues Drs D. Jackson and G. M. Williamson in preparing the manuscript are acknowledged with thanks.

scholarly journals Deed Legal Ad / ART PT Perkebunan Nusantara IX After The Consolidated PTP XV-XVI (Persero) With PTP XVIII (Persero)

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 687
Author(s):  
Meilyna Dwijanti ◽  
Amin Purnawan
Keyword(s):  
Board Of Directors ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Limited Liability ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Limited Liability Company ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Dividend Distribution ◽  
The Board Of Directors

The purpose of this study was to determine the legality of the deed of AD / ART PT Perkebunan Nusantara IX after the consolidation of PTP XV-XVI (Persero) with PTP XVIII (Persero). This research method using normative legal research. The data used is secondary data that is material that provides an explanation of primary legal materials; in the form of deed of AD / ART PT Perkebunan Nusantara IX. Data were analyzed by descriptive qualitative method. The results showed Deeds AD / ART PT Perkebunan Nusantara IX Post-Consolidation PTP XV-XVI (Persero) With PTP XVIII (Persero), in accordance with the process and the provisions of the legislation in force. In the Deed clearly contain 1) the name and domicile of the Company; 2) the purpose and objectives and business activities of the Company; 3) The period of the founding of the Company; 4) the amount of the authorized, issued and paid-up capital; 5) the number of shares, class of shares if there is a following for each classification number of shares, the rights attached to each share, and the nominal value of each share; 6) the name of position and the number of members of the Board of Directors and Board of Commissioners; 7) determination of the place and manner of implementation of the GMS; 8) procedures for the appointment, replacement, dismissal of members of the Board of Directors and Board of Commissioners; 9) procedures for the use of profits and dividend distribution. replacement, dismissal of members of the Board of Directors and Board of Commissioners; 9) procedures for the use of profits and dividend distribution. replacement, dismissal of members of the Board of Directors and Board of Commissioners; 9) procedures for the use of profits and dividend distribution.Keywords: Legality; Deeds; AD / ART; Limited Liability Company; BUMN.

scholarly journals THE MODERATING EFFECT OF DIRECTORS’ NETWORK TOWARDS TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION AND FIRMS’ PERFORMANCE: A CONCEPTUAL PAPER

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 42-51
Author(s):  
Shah Rol Hussain ◽  
Fathyah Hashim ◽  
Mohd Faizal Jamaludin
Keyword(s):  
Board Of Directors ◽  
Technological Innovation ◽  
Moderating Effect ◽  
Organizational Studies ◽  
Business Innovation ◽  
Innovation Activities ◽  
Powerful Means ◽  
The Board Of Directors ◽  
Conceptual Paper ◽  
The Relationship

Scholars have given increased attention to seek for a solution to improve firms’ performance. The literature demonstrated that technology innovation is considered the most powerful means of firms’ performance for modern companies. Empirical findings showed, however, that the relationship between technological innovation and firms’ performance continues to be inconclusive as it has a negative, positive or no impact on firms’ performance. In order to address such gap, this paper proposes a theoretical framework to describe the moderating effect of directors’ network on technological innovation and firms’ performance. It shows that the effectiveness of business innovation can be enhanced through direct or indirect use of each network of directors. The firm still neglects the significant capacity of the board of directors' network in a firm. In short, the crucial discussion found in this paper will lead to improving the information on innovation, networking and organizational studies as well as act as a reference to study in other countries. This study is a promising field. The business will benefit from a large social network of directors. Thus, the company is proposing to fully utilize the function of directors’ network to leverage the innovation activities and firm’s performance.

Technical Debt and Firm Performance

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajiv Banker ◽  
Yi Liang ◽  
Narayan Ramasubbu
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Accounting Information ◽  
Business Value ◽  
System Level ◽  
Technical Debt ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Accounting Information Systems

Technical debt refers to the design, development, and implementation shortcuts taken by firms when deploying accounting information systems. Prior system-level studies have shown that such shortcuts decrease the reliability of systems and increase the long-term system maintenance obligations. On the one hand, technical debt may cause system disruptions that impair firm-level performance. On the other hand, incurring technical debt may aid firms to expedite their systems deployment and to implement idiosyncratic functionalities that may enhance performance. In this firm-level study, we examine the economic implications of technical debt accumulated by 26 firms in their customer relationship management (CRM) systems over an 11-year period. We find that firms operating in industries with higher “clockspeed” and higher competitive threats tend to accumulate more technical debt. After controlling for industry- and firm-level factors, our analysis reveals that technical debt embedded in the CRM systems negatively impacts firms’ performances, measured as gross profit scaled by beginning-of-year total assets (GROA). We estimate that a 10% increase in technical debt reduces GROA by 16% on average. The negative impact of technical debt on GROA increases over the lifecycle of the systems, which significantly reduces the long-term business value of those systems. Highly experienced information technology teams and the presence of a chief information officer in a firm’s top management team, however, serve to mitigate, at least partially, the negative impact of technical debt. We discuss the implications of these findings for research on the business value and governance of accounting information systems and performance evaluation. This paper was accepted by Shiva Rajgopal, accounting.

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