scholarly journals The effects of the conditioned medium of fetal neural cell culture on the apoptosis in the rat brain after traumatic brain injury

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Lisyany ◽  
◽  
I. Govbakh ◽  
L. Belska ◽  
O. Tsupykov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Rat Brain ◽  
Cell Cultures ◽  
Neural Cell ◽  
Conditioned Media ◽  
Subcortical Structures ◽  
Adhesive Properties ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Brain

A promising treatment method of the traumatic brain injury (TBI) may be stem cell therapy. However, the question of the nature and mechanisms of action of humoral factors produced by stem cells on apoptotic and reparative processes in the brain after trauma remains open. The purpose of the study was to research the effect of conditioned media of fetal neural cell cultures on the number of apoptotic cells in the cortex and subcortical structures of the rat brain after TBI. Materials and methods. TBI was modelled by dropping a metal cylinder on rat's head. Rat fetuses (E17-18) brain was used to obtain cultures of neural stem/progenitor cells. Conditioned media from cell cultures with high adhesive properties (HA-CM) and low adhesive properties (LA-CM) were used to treat the experimental TBI in rats. The presence of p53-positive cells in the cortex and subcortical structures was investigated by immunohistochemistry. Results. Immunohistochemical analysis of brain sections showed that on the 5th day after TBI in rats there was an increase in the number of p53-positive cells in both the cortex and subcortical structures of the brain. Injection of HA-CM and LA-CM to animals on the 2nd, 3rd, 4th days after TBI was found to reduce the number of p53-positive cells in the cortex, hippocampus and thalamus by approximately half compared to the TBI group. A significant difference in the inhibitory effect of two different conditioned media (HA-CM and LA-CM) on apoptosis in the brain of rats after TBI was not detected. Conclusions. The administration of conditioned media of rat fetal neural cell cultures caused a significant decrease in the number of p53-positive cells in both the cortex and subcortical structures on the 5th day after the brain injury.

scholarly journals The effects of fetal neural cell conditioned medium on cell proliferation in the rat brain after traumatic brain injury

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Lisyany ◽  
◽  
D. Stanetska ◽  
I. Govbakh ◽  
O. Tsupykov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Rat Brain ◽  
Cell Cultures ◽  
Proliferative Activity ◽  
Immunohistochemical Analysis ◽  
Subcortical Structures ◽  
Adhesive Properties ◽  
Ki 67 ◽  
The Brain

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is accompanied by an increase in the number of proliferating cells. However, the question of the nature, conditions of production and mechanisms of action of humoral factors secreted by fetal neural cells (FNCs) on reparative processes and neurogenesis in the brain after trauma and FNCs transplantation remains open. The purpose of the study was to establish the possibility of the influence of the conditioned medium of fetal neural cell cultures on the proliferative activity of Ki-67-positive cells in the cortex and subcortical structures of the rat brain after TBI. Materials and methods. TBI was simulated by dropping a metal cylinder on the rat’s head. Rats (E17-18) were used to obtain cultures of neural stem/progenitor cells. Conditioned media from cell cultures with high adhesive properties (HA-CM) and low adhesive properties (LA-CM) were used to treat the effects of experimental TBI in rats by intramuscular injection. The effect of conditioned media on the proliferative activity of Ki-67-positive cells in the cortex and subcortical structures of the brain after TBI was determined by immunohistochemical analysis using antibodies against Ki-67 protein. Results. Immunohistochemical analysis of the brain sections showed that on the 5th day after traumatic brain injury in rats there was a probable increase in the number of Ki-67-positive cells in the cortex, hippocampus and thalamus. It was found that the injection of HA-CM or LA-CM in animals with TBI increased the number of Ki-67-positive cells in the hippocampus compared with the TBI group and their value for the TBI+LA-CM group reached 59.6 ± 6.1, and for the TBI+HA-CM group – 47.2 ± 3.1 cells (p <0.05 compared with the TBI group). In the cortex and thalamus, the number of Ki-67-positive cells in contrast decreased compared with the group of animals with TBI and for the group TBI+LA-CM was 20.2 ± 1.6 and 12.0 ± 1.7, respectively, and for the group TBI+HA-CM – 25.3 ± 2.1 and 13.3 ± 1.3, respectively. Conclusions. The administration of LA-CM or HA-CM to animals with traumatic brain injury increases the number of Ki-67-positive cells in the hippocampus, possibly associated with increased neurogenesis, and decreases in the cortex and thalamus, which may be due to a weakening of reactive gliosis.

Use of hemoglobin-based oxygen-carrying solution–201 to improve resuscitation parameters and prevent secondary brain injury in a swine model of traumatic brain injury and hemorrhage

2008 ◽  
Vol 108 (3) ◽  
pp. 575-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guy Rosenthal ◽  
Diane Morabito ◽  
Mitchell Cohen ◽  
Annina Roeytenberg ◽  
Nikita Derugin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Mr Imaging ◽  
Swine Model ◽  
Secondary Brain Injury ◽  
Large Animal ◽  
Fluoro Jade B ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Impact Injury ◽  
The Brain

Object Traumatic brain injury (TBI) often occurs as part of a multisystem trauma that may lead to hemorrhagic shock. Effective resuscitation and restoration of oxygen delivery to the brain is important in patients with TBI because hypotension and hypoxia are associated with poor outcome in head injury. We studied the effects of hemoglobin-based oxygen-carrying (HBOC)–201 solution compared with lactated Ringer (LR) solution in a large animal model of brain injury and hemorrhage, in a blinded prospective randomized study. Methods Swine underwent brain impact injury and hemorrhage to a mean arterial pressure (MAP) of 40 mm Hg. Twenty swine were randomized to undergo resuscitation with HBOC-201 (6 ml/kg) or LR solution (12 ml/kg) and were observed for an average of 6.5 ± 0.5 hours following resuscitation. At the end of the observation period, magnetic resonance (MR) imaging was performed. Histological studies of swine brains were performed using Fluoro-Jade B, a marker of early neuronal degeneration. Results Swine resuscitated with HBOC-201 had higher MAP, higher cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP), improved base deficit, and higher brain tissue oxygen tension (PbtO2) than animals resuscitated with LR solution. No significant difference in total injury volume on T2-weighted MR imaging was observed between animals resuscitated with HBOC-201 solution (1155 ± 374 mm3) or LR solution (1246 ± 279 mm3; p = 0.55). On the side of impact injury, no significant difference in the mean number of Fluoro-Jade B–positive cells/hpf was seen between HBOC-201 solution (61.5 ± 14.7) and LR solution (48.9 ± 17.7; p = 0.13). Surprisingly, on the side opposite impact injury, a significant increase in Fluoro-Jade B–positive cells/hpf was seen in animals resuscitated with LR solution (42.8 ± 28.3) compared with those resuscitated with HBOC-201 solution (5.6 ± 8.1; p < 0.05), implying greater neuronal injury in LR-treated swine. Conclusions The improved MAP, CPP, and PbtO2 observed with HBOC-201 solution in comparison with LR solution indicates that HBOC-201 solution may be a preferable agent for small-volume resuscitation in brain-injured patients with hemorrhage. The use of HBOC-201 solution appears to decrease cellular degeneration in the brain area not directly impacted by the primary injury. Hemoglobin-based oxygen-carrying–201 solution may act by improving cerebral blood flow or increasing the oxygen-carrying capacity of blood, mitigating a second insult to the injured brain.

scholarly journals The risk of pulmonary tuberculosis after traumatic brain injury

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsin-Yueh Liu ◽  
Kuang-Ming Liao ◽  
Fu-Wen Liang ◽  
Yi-Chieh Hung ◽  
Jhi-Joung Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Pulmonary Infection ◽  
Intracranial Injury ◽  
Icu Patients ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Comparison Cohort ◽  
Comorbidity Index ◽  
The Brain

AbstractAfter traumatic brain injury (TBI), an inflammatory response in the brain might affect the immune system. The risk of pulmonary infection reportedly increases in patients with TBI. We aimed to evaluate the risk of tuberculosis (TB) in patients with TBI in Taiwan. All participants were selected from the intensive care unit (ICU). Patients with TBI were defined as patients in ICU with intracranial injury, and comparison cohort were patients in ICU without TBI diagnosis. There was a significant difference in TB risk between the patients with TBI and the comparison cohort according to age and the Charlson’s comorbidity index (CCI) score. Thus, we divided patients based on CCI into three groups for further analysis: mild (CCI = 0), moderate (CCI = 1/2), severe (CCI > 2). Mild-CCI group had a lower TB incidence rate (0.74%) and longer time to TB development (median: 2.43) than the other two groups. Moderate-CCI group had 1.52-fold increased risk of TB infection (p < 0.0001) compared with mild-CCI group. In the severe-CCI group, patients aged ≥ 80 years had 1.91-fold risk of TB compared with mild-CCI group (p = 0.0481). Severe-CCI group had significantly higher mortality than the mild-CCI group (p = 0.0366). Patients with TBI and more comorbidities had higher risk of TB infection with higher mortality rate.

scholarly journals Compensation through Functional Hyperconnectivity: A Longitudinal Connectome Assessment of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Armin Iraji ◽  
Hanbo Chen ◽  
Natalie Wiseman ◽  
Robert D. Welch ◽  
Brian J. O’Neil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Mild Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Networks ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Brain Concussion ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Brain

Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is a major public health concern. Functional MRI has reported alterations in several brain networks following mTBI. However, the connectome-scale brain network changes are still unknown. In this study, sixteen mTBI patients were prospectively recruited from an emergency department and followed up at 4–6 weeks after injury. Twenty-four healthy controls were also scanned twice with the same time interval. Three hundred fifty-eight brain landmarks that preserve structural and functional correspondence of brain networks across individuals were used to investigate longitudinal brain connectivity. Network-based statistic (NBS) analysis did not find significant difference in the group-by-time interaction and time effects. However, 258 functional pairs show group differences in which mTBI patients have higher functional connectivity. Meta-analysis showed that “Action” and “Cognition” are the most affected functional domains. Categorization of connectomic signatures using multiview group-wise cluster analysis identified two patterns of functional hyperconnectivity among mTBI patients: (I) between the posterior cingulate cortex and the association areas of the brain and (II) between the occipital and the frontal lobes of the brain. Our results demonstrate that brain concussion renders connectome-scale brain network connectivity changes, and the brain tends to be hyperactivated to compensate the pathophysiological disturbances.

Lessons Learned From Coaching Postsecondary Students With Traumatic Brain Injury

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-96
Author(s):  
Mary R. T. Kennedy
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Sense Of Self ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Sudden Onset ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Speech Language Pathologists ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Exhaustive List

Purpose The purpose of this clinical focus article is to provide speech-language pathologists with a brief update of the evidence that provides possible explanations for our experiences while coaching college students with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Method The narrative text provides readers with lessons we learned as speech-language pathologists functioning as cognitive coaches to college students with TBI. This is not meant to be an exhaustive list, but rather to consider the recent scientific evidence that will help our understanding of how best to coach these college students. Conclusion Four lessons are described. Lesson 1 focuses on the value of self-reported responses to surveys, questionnaires, and interviews. Lesson 2 addresses the use of immediate/proximal goals as leverage for students to update their sense of self and how their abilities and disabilities may alter their more distal goals. Lesson 3 reminds us that teamwork is necessary to address the complex issues facing these students, which include their developmental stage, the sudden onset of trauma to the brain, and having to navigate going to college with a TBI. Lesson 4 focuses on the need for college students with TBI to learn how to self-advocate with instructors, family, and peers.

Providing Care of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury by the Family Practice/Primary Care Optometrist

2018 ◽  
pp. 110-119
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Mild Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Family Practice ◽  
Advanced Training ◽  
Entry Level ◽  
The Family ◽  
Basic Understanding ◽  
The Brain

Primary Objectives: By extending the scope of knowledge of the primary care optometrist, the brain injury population will have expanded access to entry level neurooptometric care by optometric providers who have a basic understanding of their neurovisual problems, be able to provide some treatment and know when to refer to their colleagues who have advanced training in neuro-optometric rehabilitation.

scholarly journals Ulinastatin alleviates traumatic brain injury by reducing endothelin-1

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 001-008
Author(s):  
Ting Liu ◽  
Xing-Zhi Liao ◽  
Mai-Tao Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Western Blot ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Brain Edema ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Neurosurgical Procedures ◽  
Brain Water Content ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Brain Water

Abstract Background Brain edema is one of the major causes of fatality and disability associated with injury and neurosurgical procedures. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of ulinastatin (UTI), a protease inhibitor, on astrocytes in a rat model of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Methodology A rat model of TBI was established. Animals were randomly divided into 2 groups – one group was treated with normal saline and the second group was treated with UTI (50,000 U/kg). The brain water content and permeability of the blood–brain barrier were assessed in the two groups along with a sham group (no TBI). Expression of the glial fibrillary acidic protein, endthelin-1 (ET-1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) were measured by immunohistochemistry and western blot. Effect of UTI on ERK and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways was measured by western blot. Results UTI significantly decreased the brain water content and extravasation of the Evans blue dye. This attenuation was associated with decreased activation of the astrocytes and ET-1. UTI treatment decreased ERK and Akt activation and inhibited the expression of pro-inflammatory VEGF and MMP-9. Conclusion UTI can alleviate brain edema resulting from TBI by inhibiting astrocyte activation and ET-1 production.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document