scholarly journals Descargas eléctricas y sus aplicaciones

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Héctor Jaime Dulce-Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Electric Charge ◽  
Electrical Discharge ◽  
Electrical Discharges ◽  
Atmospheric Discharge ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Way

Las descargas eléctricas han sido, para el hombre, inicialmente motivo de admiración, posteriormente objeto de estudio, y finalmente de aplicación. Este ciclo se ha repetido a lo largo de la historia de la humanidad. Las primeras descargas eléctricas conocidas por el hombre fueron las naturales, denominadas descargas atmosféricas o más comúnmente rayos; uno de los efectos más importantes de las descargas atmosféricas fue la formación de incendios; incluso, para algunos autores, fue la forma como nuestros antepasados conocieron el fuego. Existen múltiples ejemplos desde los filósofos griegos, pasando por los científicos del siglo dieciocho, que se inspiraron en las descargas atmosféricas para construir sus teorías, por ejemplo las teorías sobre la carga eléctrica, que terminaron en aplicaciones de tipo tecnológico.Palabras clave: descargas eléctricasABSTRACTElectrical discharges have been, for man, initially cause for admiration, then under consideration, and finally application. This cycle has been repeated throughout the history of humanity. The first electrical discharges known to man are called natural discharges, known more commonly atmospheric discharge or lightning; one of the most important effects of lightning was the formation of fire; even, for some authors,it was the way our ancestors knew fire. There are many examples from the Greek philosophers, scientists through the eighteenth century, who were inspired by the atmospheric discharge to build their theories, such as theories of electric charge, which ended in such technological applications.Keywords: electrical discharge

Between History and Nature

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anik Waldow
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
History Of Science ◽  
Philosophy Of History ◽  
Literary Translation ◽  
Scientific Models ◽  
Human Sciences ◽  
Hermeneutic Philosophy ◽  
History Of ◽  
Point Of Departure ◽  
The Way

From within the philosophy of history and history of science alike, attention has been paid to Herder’s naturalist commitment and especially to the way in which his interest in medicine, anatomy, and biology facilitates philosophically significant notions of force, organism, and life. As such, Herder’s contribution is taken to be part of a wider eighteenth-century effort to move beyond Newtonian mechanism and the scientific models to which it gives rise. In this scholarship, Herder’s hermeneutic philosophy—as it grows out of his engagement with poetry, drama, and both literary translation and literary documentation projects—has received less attention. Taking as its point of departure Herder’s early work, this chapter proposes that, in his work on literature, Herder formulates an anthropologically sensitive approach to the human sciences that has still not received the attention it deserves.

Continuity and Intuition in Eighteenth-Century Analysis and in Kant

2020 ◽  
pp. 158-186
Author(s):  
Daniel Sutherland
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Analysis ◽  
The Continuum ◽  
Interesting Account ◽  
The Way

This chapter considers the status of geometrical and kinematic representations in the foundations of 18th century analysis and in Kant’s understanding of those foundations. It has two aims. First, relying on relatively recent reassessments of the history of analysis, it will attempt to bring forward a more accurate account of intuitive representation in 18th century analysis and the relation between British and Continental mathematics. Second, it will give a better account of Kant’s place in that history. The result shows that although Kant did no better at navigating the labyrinth of the continuum than his contemporaries, he had a more interesting and reasonable account of the foundations of analysis than an easy reading of either Kant or that history provides. It also permits a more accurate and interesting account of how and when a conception of foundations of analysis without intuitive representations emerged, and how that paved the way for Bolzano and Cauchy.

scholarly journals John Brown's Description of the Lake at Keswick: New Clues and Clarifications

The Library ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 462-474
Author(s):  
Christopher Donaldson
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Reception History ◽  
Lake District ◽  
English Lake District ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Way

Abstract This article reports on the discovery of hitherto undocumented printings of John Brown’s Description of the Lake at Keswick. Brown’s Description has long been recognised as a foundational document in the development of interest in the English Lake District during the eighteenth century. The history of the Description, however, has not been fully documented, and this lack of documentation has led to a number of mistaken assumptions. The present article, therefore, not only updates the bibliographical record, but also clarifies a few inaccuracies in previous discussions of Brown’s account. In the process, the article explains how the early versions of the Description add a new dimension to the reception history of the text and shift our understanding of the way the private circulation of unpublished print informed eighteenth-century appreciations of the Lakes region. The article includes an appendix, which presents a copy of the early printings of Brown’s text.

HOW THE STOICS BECAME ATHEISTS

2006 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 387-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHRISTOPHER BROOKE
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
History Of Philosophy ◽  
Critical History ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ralph Cudworth ◽  
The Way

In the middle of the seventeenth century, scholarship on ancient Stoicism generally understood it to be a form of theism. By the middle of the eighteenth century, Stoicism was widely (though not universally) reckoned a variety of atheism, both by its critics and by those more favourably disposed to its claims. This article describes this transition, the catalyst for which was the controversy surrounding Spinoza's philosophy, and which was shaped above all by contemporary transformations in the historiography of philosophy. Particular attention is paid to the roles in this story played by Thomas Gataker, Ralph Cudworth, J. F. Buddeus, Jean Barbeyrac, and J. L. Mosheim, whose contributions collectively helped to shape the way in which Stoicism was presented in two of the leading reference works of the Enlightenment, J. J. Brucker's Critical History of Philosophy and the Encyclopédie of Diderot and d'Alembert.

scholarly journals La physiologie des Lumières

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 139-156
Author(s):  
François Duchesneau
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
History Of Science ◽  
Muscular Contraction ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Way

Using a method which emphasizes the importance of the explanatory systems of the past for the history of science, this article studies eighteenth-century theories of irritability and muscular contraction. The main focus is on Albrecht von Heller and the way his theories are analogous to Newtonian "principles."

Re-Evaluating John Lingard's History of England

2007 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 529-546
Author(s):  
Peter Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
English History ◽  
Catholic Enlightenment ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Way

It has become customary to regard John Lingard as the last, and perhaps finest, of the cisalpine historians, a case powerfully developed in the pages of Joseph Chinnici's The English Catholic Enlightenment, and elsewhere. One of the last generation of students to be trained at the English College, Douai, Lingard would here have been introduced to the Gallican writings of Claude Fleury and his contemporaries which gave shape to English cisalpinism. The first edition of his History of England (1819–1830) was written at least partially with the intention of paving the way for Catholic emancipation which the cisalpine Catholics had so long struggled to achieve. At the same time, this work succeeded in offering a far more forthright challenge to the Protestant reading of English history, fashioned so cogently in the early decades of the eighteenth century, than Lingard's cisalpine forebears would have been prepared to make: Lingard was moving on and is better understood as belonging to a period of transition for the Catholic community in England. Revisions in later editions bring Lingard's intentions even more to the fore. Never quite at ease with figures such as John Milner and Nicholas Wiseman, his onetime pupil and future Cardinal, and certainly not accepting their strident ultramontanism, Lingard is closer to them in his historical studies than sometimes he, or they, realised.

The Muslim Scholars and the History of Economics

1987 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-276
Author(s):  
Abbas Mirakhor
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
History Of Economics ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Medieval Economics ◽  
Muslim Scholars ◽  
The Way

Introduction. . .The enterpriser addressing a Greek who had been boasting of the scientificachievement of his people, says: You boast most unreasonably of these sciences;for you did not discover them by your own penetration, but attained them fromthe scientific men of Ptolemy's times; and some sciences you took from the Eygptiansin the days of Prammetichus, and then introduced them into your ownland, and now you claim to have discovered them. The King asked the Greekphilosopher: "Can it be as he says?" He replied saying, "It is true; we obtainedmost of the sciences from the preceding philosophers, as others now receivethem from us. Such is the way of the world - for one people to derive benefitfrom another. Rasail of the Ikhwan Al-SafaNever in any age was any science discovered, but from the beginning of theworld wisdom has increased gradually, and it has not yet been completed asregards this life. Roger Bacon. . .there is no longer any excuse for a pmctice which has confounded the studyof medieval economics since its inception more than a century ago, namely,that of basing the most sweeping historical generalizations on a fav familiarnames, with no regard for context and continuity; even the best textbooks inthe field still skip and jump from one century to the next, in and out of differenttraditions. But a scholastic commentator superimposed his own ideas on thoseaccumulated in the particular tmdition in which he wrote, accepted its premisesand adopted its language. He cannot be fully understood until its foundationis also dug out.It is easy now to forget that those who laid the foundation of modemeconomics in the eighteenth century were as familiar with the accumulated ...

Introduction

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Cameron D. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Spanish Empire ◽  
Political Actors ◽  
Interesting Insight ◽  
Reform Period ◽  
History Of ◽  
Bourbon Reform ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Philosophical Structure ◽  
The Way

Chapter opens looking at the place of missions within political and philosophical structure of the Spanish empire. As Spain attempted to reform its empire in the eighteenth century in response to enlightenment concepts, it changed the way it conducted its frontier missions system. The history of the missionaries of Ocopa provided an interesting insight into these changes. They were generally seen as in line with enlightenment concepts, yet also a threat to the growing enlightenment inspired concept of royal absolutism. This study, therefore, fits within larger body of works on the Bourbon Reform period of the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. It argues that changes to the Spanish borderlands were a result of interactions between political actors throughout the empire.

The Ecclesiastical Condition of New York at the Opening of the Eighteenth Century

1912 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 79-115
Author(s):  
Edward Tanjore Corwin
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Church And State ◽  
Previous History ◽  
The Political ◽  
Ecclesiastical History ◽  
Antecedent Conditions ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Church ◽  
The Way

The decades clustering about the year 1700 were unusually important in reference to the subsequent ecclesiastical history of New York. The previous history of the Church in that province, except during the political episode of the Leisler troubles, had been comparatively tranquil; but in the decades alluded to, new elements were introduced and complications ensued, which modified all former conditions, and caused not a little friction in ecclesiastical affairs down to the Revolution. Nevertheless, new phases of Christian activity were also thereby developed, which became very influential; and the discussions which ensued clarified the atmosphere in reference to the proper relations of Church and State and prepared the way for their separation. In order to get a proper background for the consideration of the period alluded to, permit a brief reference to some antecedent conditions.

The Stage Career of Eliza Haywood

1964 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. Elwood
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Jonathan Swift ◽  
Henry Fielding ◽  
Woman Writer ◽  
Eliza Haywood ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Domestic Novel ◽  
History Of ◽  
Early Eighteenth Century ◽  
The Way

Female playwrights of varying degrees of quality were reasonably plentiful in late seventeenth and early eighteenth century England; but, except for Eliza Haywood, few of these playwrights doubled as actresses, at least with sufficient success for us to be aware of their talents. Even the stage career of Mrs. Haywood, one extending at least from 1715 to 1737, has not been documented in its entirety before now. It deserves attention because it adds some details to the scanty biography of this woman who is best known as a novelist, a novelist who turned out scandal chronicles long before Richardson made the novel morally acceptable, and who in 1751 produced what may be the first domestic novel in English,The History of Miss Betsy Thoughtless. Along the way she had some success as a publisher, as the first woman writer of a periodical for women, as a poet, and as a playwright and actress. It was her efforts in the theater that drew the attention of such men as Jonathan Swift and Richard Savage and brought her into a rather lengthy association with Henry Fielding. And it was her theatrical experience that contributed much to her eventual skill as a novelist. She liked the stage, and much of what we like in her later work she owed to the stage.

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