scholarly journals Aproximación a las Discapacidades Específicas de Aprendizaje en la competencia Matemática en el contexto educativo colombiano

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 121
Author(s):  
Rafael Enrique Rojas-Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Learning Disabilities ◽  
Learning Disability ◽  
Quality Care ◽  
Historical Review ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Education Policies ◽  
Pedagogical Tools ◽  
Mathematical Competence ◽  
Teaching Learning ◽  
Specific Learning

ResumenEl artículo tiene como objetivo ofrecer una revisión crítica de la literatura sobre el estado de la cuestión relativa a las discapacidades de aprendizaje en Matemática en el contexto educativo colombiano. Para ello, se realizó un recorrido histórico breve de los constructos “discapacidad”, “competencia matemática” y “discapacidad de aprendizaje”. Se planteó un análisis de los conceptos, causas, características, evaluación e intervención relacionadas con las discapacidades específicas de aprendizaje en la competencia Matemática. Los diferentes informes del sistema educativo en Colombia, las pruebas nacionales e internacionales reflejan un alarmante porcentaje de estudiantes con discapacidades de aprendizaje en el conocimiento Matemático y evidencian la necesidad de establecer una detección temprana, ya que esta se origina a partir de la primera infancia en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje y se mantienen a lo largo del proceso educativo sino hay intervención oportuna por parte del profesorado, mediante un diagnóstico, seguimiento y evaluación permanente con criterios que orienten la corrección de las dificultades mediante aprendizajes que desarrollen la creatividad, las competencias, la organización y adaptación de contenidos junto a la evaluación autentica y los resultados de aprendizaje como herramientas pedagógicas, entre otras, que permiten establecer a los docentes las medidas curriculares y organizativas necesarias para atender las necesidades educativas que presenta el alumnado con DEAM, acordes al nivel y ritmos de su aprendizaje. Se enfatiza la necesidad del reconocimiento, concreción y desarrollo de la categoría de discapacidad de aprendizaje a nivel legislativo y en las políticas educativas públicas en Colombia para una atención de calidad por parte de las administraciones educativas y otros entes, mediante una sólida fundamentación teórico y empírico proporcionada a nivel científico, y con activa participación por parte de los educadores como investigadores en el aula.Palabras clave: Competencia matemática, Discapacidad, discapacidad de aprendizaje, discapacidad específica de aprendizaje en matemática, trastorno específico del aprendizaje Abstract The article aims to provide a critical review of the literature on the state of the art about learning disabilities in Mathematics in the Colombian educational context. To do this, a brief historical review of the constructs “disability”, “mathematical competence” and “learning disability” were carried out. An analysis of the concepts, causes, characteristics, evaluation and intervention related to the specific learning disabilities in the Mathematics competence was proposed. The different reports of the educational system in Colombia, national and international tests reflect an alarming percentage of students with learning disabilities in Mathematical knowledge and evidence the need to establish an early detection, since this originates from early childhood in the teaching-learning process and are maintained throughout the educational process if no prompt intervention is provided by teachers, through a diagnosis, monitoring and permanent evaluation, using criteria in order to correct the difficulties through learning that develop creativity, skills , the organization and adaptation of contents along with authentic assessment and learning results as pedagogical tools, among others, allowing to take curricular actions needed to attend the educational necessities of students with DEAM, according to the level and rhythms of student learning. The necessity for the recognition, concretion and development of the category of learning disability at the legislative level and in the public education policies in Colombia for a quality care by educational administrations and other entities is emphasized, through a solid theoretical and empirical foundation provided at a scientific level, and with active participation of educators as researchers in the classroom. Keywords: Disability, mathematical competence, learning disability, specific learning disability in math, specific learning disorder

Specific Learning Disabilities

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher J. Lonigan
Keyword(s):  
Learning Disabilities ◽  
Learning Disability ◽  
Language Proficiency ◽  
Medical Condition ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽  
Opportunity To Learn ◽  
Specific Learning Disability ◽  
Specific Learning Disabilities ◽  
Low Achievement ◽  
Specific Learning

Specific learning disability is a common neurodevelopmental disorder affecting about 5–8% of the school-aged population. A key concept in specific learning disabilities is unexpected low achievement. An individual whose achievement in reading, math, or writing is both low and less than what would be expected based on developmental capacity and opportunity to learn and whose low achievement cannot be explained by a sensory impairment, limited language proficiency, or other impairing medical condition is considered to have a specific learning disability. This chapter provides an overview of issues and challenges involved in the identification and diagnosis of a specific learning disability, and it provides information on prevalence, epidemiology, and interventions for specific learning disabilities. Response-to-instruction models of identification hold promise for the identification of individuals with a specific learning disability, and they provide a means for the identification of false positives while enhancing the instructional context for children at risk.

Deficits in musical rhythm perception in children with specific learning disabilities

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Vasudha Hande ◽  
Shantala Hegde
Keyword(s):  
Learning Disabilities ◽  
Learning Disability ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Phonological Processing ◽  
Specific Learning Disability ◽  
Specific Learning Disabilities ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Rhythm Perception ◽  
Musical Rhythm ◽  
Specific Learning

BACKGROUND: A specific learning disability comes with a cluster of deficits in the neurocognitive domain. Phonological processing deficits have been the core of different types of specific learning disabilities. In addition to difficulties in phonological processing and cognitive deficits, children with specific learning disability (SLD) are known to also found have deficits in more innate non-language-based skills like musical rhythm processing. OBJECTIVES: This paper reviews studies in the area of musical rhythm perception in children with SLD. An attempt was made to throw light on beneficial effects of music and rhythm-based intervention and their underlying mechanism. METHODS: A hypothesis-driven review of research in the domain of rhythm deficits and rhythm-based intervention in children with SLD was carried out. RESULTS: A summary of the reviewed literature highlights that music and language processing have shared neural underpinnings. Children with SLD in addition to difficulties in language processing and other neurocognitive deficits are known to have deficits in music and rhythm perception. This is explained in the background of deficits in auditory skills, perceptuo-motor skills and timing skills. Attempt has been made in the field to understand the effect of music training on the children’s auditory processing and language development. Music and rhythm-based intervention emerges as a powerful intervention method to target language processing and other neurocognitive functions. Future studies in this direction are highly underscored. CONCLUSIONS: Suggestions for future research on music-based interventions have been discussed.

Toward Defining Discrepancies for Specific Learning Disabilities: An Analysis and Alternatives

1979 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 25-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bob Algozzine ◽  
Charles Forgnone ◽  
Cecil Mercer ◽  
John Trifiletti
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Learning Disabilities ◽  
Learning Disability ◽  
Specific Learning Disability ◽  
The United States ◽  
Specific Learning Disabilities ◽  
Significant Discrepancy ◽  
Severe Discrepancy ◽  
Specific Learning

According to the United States Office of Education, the only generally accepted manifestation of a specific learning disability is the existence of a significant discrepancy between expected and actual achievement. Within this context methods for determining the significance of any achievement discrepancies in children's performances become important. The research reported here attempted to evaluate the utility of two procedures for determining severe discrepancy levels; the benefits and liabilities of each are discussed.

Job Accommodations for Adults with Learning Disabilities: Brilliantly Disguised Opportunities

1992 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 274-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice E. Jacobs ◽  
Deborah J. Hendricks
Keyword(s):  
Learning Disabilities ◽  
Learning Disability ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Information Service ◽  
People With Disabilities ◽  
Specific Learning Disability ◽  
Case Examples ◽  
Job Accommodation ◽  
Adults With Learning Disabilities ◽  
Specific Learning

The job accommodation needs of adults with a specific learning disability (SLD) are examined through an analysis of cases handled by the consultants at the Job Accommodation Network, an international accommodation information service of the President's Committee on Employment of People with Disabilities. Case examples are included, which provide practical solutions to common situations involving adults with a SLD in the employment environment. The final section lists useful resources available to those involved in making accommodations for people with a SLD.

scholarly journals High performance curricular management at the Technological Institute of Campeche

2019 ◽  
pp. 15-24
Author(s):  
Ana Luisa Ortega-Rodríguez ◽  
Leydi Elena Legorreta-Barrancos ◽  
Carmen Del Socorro Rodríguez-Chuc ◽  
María Eugenia López-Ponce
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
High Performance ◽  
School Context ◽  
National Development ◽  
School Curriculum ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Education Policies ◽  
Quality Of Higher Education ◽  
Curricular Structure ◽  
Teaching Learning

Higher Education Institutions (HEI) face challenges to fulfill their substantive function of educating and training people; within this educational process, there are factors that affect the achievement of academic objectives embodied in the school curriculum of various programs of the education system. An adequate curricular structure guarantees that the practices carried out in the classroom are intentional, systematic and secure learning; this implies the design and implementation of an innovative curricular proposal, from the planning of the teaching-learning process to the evaluation. The curricular management is one of the strategic processes of HEIs, which operationalizes the public education policies in the state, where the curriculum is key in the Quality of Higher Education, because it considers the needs, problems and social interests, through the development of professional skills of students, in order to train professionals that contribute to national development. The curriculum, as a process, operates according to the school context from the perception of the teacher and the administration, tracing a clear link between: the curricular management and the classroom processes, the support networks with the dimensions of the TecNM model to be aligned and focused on high performance.

Visual and Auditory Learning Processes in Normal Children and Children with Specific Learning Disabilities

1970 ◽  
Vol 36 (8) ◽  
pp. 581-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harold J. McGrady ◽  
Don A. Olson
Keyword(s):  
Learning Disabilities ◽  
Learning Disability ◽  
Specific Learning Disabilities ◽  
Learning Processes ◽  
Social Stimuli ◽  
Normal Children ◽  
Auditory Learning ◽  
Disability Group ◽  
Specific Learning

The study was intended to describe and compare the psychosensory functioning of normal children and children with specific learning disabilities. Each of these children was given an automated battery of 13 psychosensory tests representing various combinations of auditory and visual intra and intersensory conditions for verbal, nonverbal-nonsocial, and nonverbal-social stimuli. On the psychosensory evaluation the learning disability groups made significantly more errors on the verbal psychosensory functions, regardless of the sensory conditions. The learning disability group also performed these tasks more slowly than normal children in nearly every comparison.

Children with Special Needs as a Virtual Community

2011 ◽  
pp. 187-192
Author(s):  
Tas Adam ◽  
Arthur Tatnall
Keyword(s):  
Learning Disabilities ◽  
Learning Disability ◽  
Sensory Deprivation ◽  
Virtual Community ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cerebral Dysfunction ◽  
Education Act ◽  
The One ◽  
National Joint Committee ◽  
Specific Learning

The term learning disability (LD) refers to any retardation, disorder, or delayed development in one or more of the processes of speech, language, reading, writing, arithmetic, or other school subjects resulting from a psychological handicap caused by a possible cerebral dysfunction and/or emotional or behavioural disturbances (Adam & Tatnall, 2002). It is not the result of mental retardation, sensory deprivation, or cultural and instructional factors (Kirk, 1962). Specific learning disabilities is a chronic condition of presumed neurological origin that selectively interferes with the development, integration, and/or demonstration of verbal and/or nonverbal abilities. Specific learning disability exists as a distinct handicapping condition and varies in its manifestations and degree of severity (Adam & Tatnall, 2003). Throughout life, the condition can affect self-esteem, education, vocation, socialisation, and/or daily living activities (ACLD, 1986, p. 15). Two definitions of LD are well supported: a legislative definition from the United States found in the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA, 1997) and the one proposed by the National Joint Committee on Learning Disabilities (NJCLD, 1994), a consortium of representatives from organizations interested in LD.

Enhancing SLD Diagnoses Through the Identification of Psychological Processing Deficits

2013 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milton J. Dehn
Keyword(s):  
Learning Disabilities ◽  
Learning Disability ◽  
Specific Learning Disability ◽  
Specific Learning Disabilities ◽  
Integrated Model ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Processing Deficits ◽  
Psychological Processing ◽  
Specific Learning ◽  
Identification Procedures

After defining psychological processing and providing descriptions of 10 interrelated neuropsychological processes, the author proposes an integrated model for identifying an individual's pattern of psychological processing strengths, weaknesses, and deficits when conducting a specific learning disability (SLD) assessment. The model incorporates approaches from other pattern of strengths and weaknesses (PSW) models, while adding three requirements designed to reduce psychometric concerns about the identification procedures. Details for analysing cross-battery data and recommendations for applying processing deficits to SLD determination are included. In support of the model, the article reviews research that links psychological processing deficits with specific learning disabilities. The article concludes with a brief overview of evidence-based interventions for psychological processing deficits.

scholarly journals HIPERKINEZINIŲ SUTRIKIMŲ TURINČIŲ VAIKŲ INTELEKTO STRUKTŪRA

Psichologija ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 57-74
Author(s):  
L. Rakickienė ◽  
S. Girdzijauskienė
Keyword(s):  
Learning Disabilities ◽  
Learning Disability ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Digit Span ◽  
Specific Learning Disabilities ◽  
Clinical Group ◽  
Intelligence Scale ◽  
Intellectual Abilities ◽  
Freedom From Distractibility ◽  
Specific Learning

Straipsnyje aprašomas tyrimas, kuriuo siekta įvertinti Lietuvos pradinio mokyklinio amžiaus vaikų, turinčių hiperkinezinių sutrikimų, intelekto struktūros ypatumus. Tyrime dalyvavo 29 septynerių–dešimties metų vaikai, kuriems diagnozuotas hiperkinezinis sutrikimas. Tyrimo dalyviai atliko lietuviškąją Wechslerio intelekto testo vaikams – trečio leidimo versiją (WISC-III). Patvirtinančioji bei tiriančioji faktorių analizė parodė, kad hiperkinezinių sutrikimų turinčių vaikų intelekto struktūra, nustatyta WISC-III testu, nesiskiria nuo reprezentacinėje vaikų imtyje nustatytos intelekto struktūros. Klinikinės vaikų imties rezultatų vidurkių profilis buvo palygintas su WISC-III Lietuvos standartizacinės imties rezultatais. Nustatyta, kad hiperkinezinių sutrikimų turinčių vaikų WISC-III atlikimui būdinga žemas Atsparumo trukdžiams balas bei AKIS profilis (žemi Aritmetikos, Kodavimo, Informacijos ir Skaičių eilės subtestų balai), atspindintys dėmesio koncentracijos, atminties, nuoseklaus girdimosios informacijos apdorojimo ir žinių kaupimo sunkumus. Santykinai geri Panašumų, Paveikslėlių išdėstymo, Kubelių kompozicijos rezultatai leidžia teigti, kad operavimas sąvokomis, analizės ir sintezės gebėjimai, takusis intelektas yra hiperkinezinių sutrikimų turinčių vaikų galios. Kadangi didelei daliai klinikinės imties vaikų be hiperkinezinio sutrikimo buvo diagnozuotas gretutinis specifinis mokymosi gebėjimų raidos sutrikimas, palyginome vaikų, turinčių vien hiperkinezinį sutrikimą, ir vaikų, turinčių abi minėtas diagnozes, gebėjimų profilius. Pasirodė, kad nors hiperkinezinį sutrikimą bei gretutinį specifinį mokymosi gebėjimų raidos sutrikimą turinčių vaikų intelektiniai gebėjimai menkesni, gretutinis mokymosi gebėjimų raidos sutrikimas beveik neturi įtakos hiperkinezinių sutrikimų turinčių vaikų intelektinių gebėjimų profiliui.Pagrindiniai žodžiai: hiperkineziniai sutrikimai, intelekto struktūra, WISC-III, gretutinis mokymosi gebėjimų raidos sutrikimas. Intelligence Structure in Children with Hyperkinetic DisordersRakickienė L., Girdzijauskienė S. SummaryThe Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children – Third edition (WISC-III) has been widely used to assess the intellectual abilities of children with hyperkinetic disorders by both researchers and practitioners. The characteristic features of the WISC-III profile of this clinical group have been described by several authors (Anastopoulos et al., 1994; Assessmany et al., 2001; Snow and Sapp, 2000; Mayes and Calhoun, 2006; Ek et al., 2007). However, the issue of the WISC-III construct validity in this particular clinical group was scarcely addressed. It remains possible that in hyperkinetic children with poor attention this long and attention-demanding test measures other constructs than in general population. The objective of this study was to examine the structure of intelligence in primary school children diagnosed with hyperkinetic disorders. 29 children (23 boys and 6 girls) aged seven to ten years, participated in the study. All the children were diagnosed with a hyperkinetic disorder, and ten of them had a comorbid diagnosis of specific learning disabilities. The participants of the study completed the Lithuanian version of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children – Third edition (WISC-III) (2002). The Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the construct validity of WISC-III when used in hyperkinetic children: one factor model (general intelligence) fits the data satisfactorily, while two factor (Verbal IQ, Performance IQ) and four factor (Verbal Comprehension, Perceptual Organisation, Freedom from Distractibility, Processing Speed) models fit the data very well. However, the exploratory factor analysis revealed a different factor structure without the Processing Speed factor, more similar to WISC-R. It also showed that Object Arrangement is a problematic subtest when used with hyperkinetic children as it does not fit with any of the three factors. We suggest that its performance could be determined by emotional variables rather than by cognitive ones. The WISC-III profile of hyperkinetic children as a group was characterized by the low Freedom from Distractibility score and ACID profile (low Arithmetic, Coding, Information and Digit span scores). The mean scores of these subtests and factors were significantly lower than the standardization sample mean, which is 10 for subtest scores and 100 for factor scores: M = 8.4, t = –3.215, p < 0.01 for Information; M = 8.5, t = –5.998, p < 0.01 for Coding; M = 8.4, t = –3.194, p < 0.01 for Arithmetic; M = 6.9, t = –5.998, p < 0.01 for Digit Span; M = 86.17, t = –5.393, p < 0.01 for Freedom from Distractibility. These peculiarities of hyperkinetic children’s WISC-III performance are explained by difficulties in attention, short-term memory, sequential auditory processing and factual knowledge. Satisfactory results of Similarities, Picture Completion and Block Design suggest relative strengths of using concepts, ability to analyse and synthesize information, and fluid intelligence. It has been proposed that comorbid specific learning disabilities may affect the cognitive performance of hyperkinetic children. For this reason, the effect of a comorbid learning disability was also assessed. The results showed that, although the intellectual abilities of hyperkinetic children with a comorbid learning disability are lower, the comorbid learning disability does not change the hyperkinetic children’s intelligence profile.Keywords: hyperkinetic disorders, intelligence structure, WISC-III, specific learning disabilities. 

scholarly journals Types of Specific Learning Disability

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinutha U. Muktamath ◽  
Priya R. Hegde ◽  
Samreen Chand
Keyword(s):  
Learning Disabilities ◽  
Learning Disability ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Auditory Processing ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Specific Learning Disability ◽  
Holistic Understanding ◽  
Teachers And Parents ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Specific Learning

The chapter “Specific Learning Disability and its Types” is an effort to educate the readers, specially the educators about a developmental disorder that begins by school age, although it may not be recognized until later. It involves on-going problems learning key academic skills, including reading, writing, and math. The chapter makes an attempt to bring about understanding of SLD, brief historical perspective and its classification. The chapter elaborately discusses the seven types of specific learning disability according to Learning Disabilities Association of America. The chapter centers around seven learning disabilities namely, dyslexia ,dysgraphia, dyscalculia, auditory processing disorder, language processing disorder, non-verbal learning disabilities , visual perceptual deficit; their causes and symptoms to give a holistic understanding about the disability for the teachers and parents to understand the individual differences.

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