scholarly journals Indigenous Workers on Methodist Missions in Arnhem Land: A skilled labour force lost

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gwenda Baker
Keyword(s):  
Labour Force ◽  
Skilled Labour ◽  
Arnhem Land ◽  
Methodist Missions

How Are Professional Skills Acquired?

2012 ◽  
pp. 26-40
Author(s):  
Sari Metso ◽  
Aino Kianto
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Knowledge Sharing ◽  
Job Training ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Empirical Examination ◽  
Professional Performance ◽  
Vocational College ◽  
Skilled Labour ◽  
Different Levels

As firms lose skilled labour force through mass retirement, turnover and economic fluctuations, a pressing concern is how to ensure that the skills of the present-day masters are conveyed to the future professionals. This chapter examines the process of how the skills leading to professional performance are acquired in the context of on-the-job learning and identifies the key factors in this process. Based on an empirical examination of the on-the-job training periods of 20 Finnish vocational college students a model is built, suggesting that there are three different levels of professional performance on a junior’s path towards professionalism. The results suggest that individual activity, critical observation, conscious doing and creativity are crucial in the learning process. The chapter contributes to the emerging discussion on knowledge sharing across generations in organisations.

scholarly journals High-skilled labour mobility in Europe before and after the 2004 enlargement

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (128) ◽  
pp. 20170030 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander M. Petersen ◽  
Michelangelo Puliga
Keyword(s):  
Labour Force ◽  
Bipartite Networks ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Global Knowledge ◽  
Technical Science ◽  
Skilled Labour ◽  
Quantitative Evidence ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Eu

The extent to which international high-skilled mobility channels are forming is a question of great importance in an increasingly global knowledge-based economy. One factor facilitating the growth of high-skilled labour markets is the standardization of certifiable degrees meriting international recognition. Within this context, we analysed an extensive high-skilled mobility database comprising roughly 382 000 individuals from five broad profession groups (Medical, Education, Technical, Science & Engineering and Business & Legal) over the period 1997–2014, using the 13-country expansion of the European Union (EU) to provide insight into labour market integration. We compare the periods before and after the 2004 enlargement, showing the emergence of a new east–west migration channel between the 13 mostly eastern EU entrants (E) and the rest of the western European countries (W). Indeed, we observe a net directional loss of human capital from E → W, representing 29% of the total mobility after 2004. Nevertheless, the counter-migration from W → E is 7% of the total mobility over the same period, signalling the emergence of brain circulation within the EU. Our analysis of the country–country mobility networks and the country–profession bipartite networks provides timely quantitative evidence for the convergent integration of the EU, and highlights the central role of the UK and Germany as high-skilled labour hubs. We conclude with two data-driven models to explore the structural dynamics of the mobility networks. First, we develop a reconfiguration model to explore the potential ramifications of Brexit and the degree to which redirection of high-skilled labourers away from the UK may impact the integration of the rest of the European mobility network. Second, we use a panel regression model to explain empirical high-skilled mobility rates in terms of various economic ‘push–pull’ factors, the results of which show that government expenditure on education, per capita wealth, geographical proximity and labour force size are significant attractive features of destination countries.

scholarly journals Institutional environment, competencies and firm export performance: A study of the emerging country

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-179
Author(s):  
Areej Aftab Siddiqui ◽  
Parul Singh
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Export Performance ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Policy Reforms ◽  
Heckman Selection Model ◽  
Export Intensity ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Skilled Labour ◽  
Level Data

The study is an attempt to examine the determinants and impact of export propensity and export intensity for firm-level performance in India. The factors determining export propensity are political stability, corruption, and competition from the informal sector while the determinants of export intensity in the present study are identified as a skill of the labour force, the technological capability of a firm, and foreign ownership of technology in a firm in India. A two-stage Heckman selection model has been advanced to investigate the linkage between the export performance of Indian firms with the home institutional environment and firm competencies. Firm-level data of approximately 8,000 Indian firms are used as available from the World Bank’s Enterprise Surveys (WBES) database. The results indicate that political stability and competition effect export propensity of Indian firms while export intensity is impacted by access to technology and employing skilled labour. The study has important theoretical implications in terms of understanding the exporting behaviour of firms. It indicates that the decision of firms to export and their export performance are interlinked. It is affirmed that export intensity is dependent on firm-specific competencies while institutions indirectly influence the decision of firms to export. The policy measures of Skill India and Make in India strongly favour increased access to the skilled labour force and strengthening the domestic industry which may lead to an increase in the export intensity of Indian firms. The recent institutional measures adopted favour a stable environment of doing business as well as providing firms opportunities to focus and leverage their competencies in the best possible manner. The current nascent steps of policy reforms need to be aggressively implemented for enhanced export capabilities of Indian firms

scholarly journals Employment effects of trade reform in the Vietnamese banking industry

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
AISDL
Keyword(s):  
Financial Services ◽  
Labour Supply ◽  
Banking Industry ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Relative Price ◽  
Total Employment ◽  
Trade Reform ◽  
Skilled Labour ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Unskilled Labour

In response to the call for evidence of sectoral employment impacts of services trade reform, the paper examines how trade liberalisation in the Vietnam’s banking industry would change employment between sectors and total employment under in two macroeconomic settings: fixed versus variable labour supply. Using the FTAP-VN model and GTAP 7 Database, the paper finds that potential trade reform in Vietnam’s banking industry could have significant impacts on employment across industries in the economy regardless of the labour supply assumptions. Apart from the employment relocation effect as in the fixed labour supply, trade reform with a variable labour supply would expand jobs in all industries, increasing total employment by 6.3%. Trade reform would most benefit employment in the financial services itself and the industries with close linkages with the financial sector and facing the highest reduction in the relative price of labour to capital. In any cases, services would gain the most in terms of job creation from the trade reform. Services would also absorb most of the increased labour supply, followed by manufacturing and agriculture and mining. With a fixed labour supply, trade reform would encourage a substitution of unskilled labour for skilled labour across industries, placing skilled labour in a relatively disadvantaged position in the short run. In the short and median run, in order to avoid a shortage of skilled labour and consequent pressure on wages, Vietnam would need to invest in education and training to create a better skilled labour force, particularly in banking and finance. With a variable labour supply, in the long-run, the pressure on wage increase and substitution of skilled labour for unskilled labour could be mitigated with the transformation of unskilled labour into skilled labour and the increasing labour supply.

Skilled Workers on the Rural Labour Market: Supply vs. Demand

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (3) ◽  
pp. 25-42
Author(s):  
Elena Varshavskaya
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Professional Education ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Labour Force Survey ◽  
Skilled Workers ◽  
Skilled Labour ◽  
Rural Workers ◽  
Scale Of Education

The paper analyzes the correlation between supply and demand for skilled labour on the rural labour market. The paper defines skilled workers as those having tertiary professional education. The empirical basis for the research is constituted by the Labour Force Survey data between 2005 and 2015. It has been proved that in this period the supply of the skilled labour was steadily on the increase that was determined by the growth of both the number and share of people with higher education. The demand for the skilled labour of rural workers showed slower growth rates that resulted in an increasing gap between supply and demand. The research proves that education and qualification of rural workers are being underutilized, and the scale of education-occupation mismatch has been rather big. The most obvious contradiction between education underutilization and its non-purpose use - when people do not work in accordance with their specialization - refer to the workers with technical and agricultural training.

scholarly journals Regional Development and the Education System in the Context of Digital Transformation

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 1031-1045
Author(s):  
A.A. Akaev ◽  
D.N. Desyatko ◽  
A.A. Petryakov ◽  
A.I. Sarygulov
Keyword(s):  
Vocational Education ◽  
Regional Development ◽  
Education System ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Digital Transformation ◽  
Spatial Inequality ◽  
Skilled Labour ◽  
Secondary Vocational Education ◽  
Federal Districts

The paper aims to assess how the existing imbalance between the education system and the regional economy influences the formation of spatial inequality and uneven economic development. Based on the structural and comparative analysis of data on Russia and China as the members of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, we demonstrate that the technologies of the 4th Industrial Revolution shift the demand for highly skilled labour force. This situation leads to the gap between labour demand and supply, as the education systems are oriented to the economic needs of the 3rd Industrial Revolution. We consider cross-country differences in the quantity of STEM graduates and researchers (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) as a possible cause of spatial inequality in the context of digital transformation. Further, on the example of Russia, we apply correlation and regression analysis to show that the discrepancy between the skill level of graduates and market expectations contributes to regional development inequality. We demonstrate the strong relationship between the share of unemployed persons among the economically active population and the skills of the labour force for all federal districts of the Russian Federation. On average, an increase in the share of employees with higher or secondary vocational education by 1 % decreases unemployment by 0.32 %. Additionally, in all federal districts of Russia, there is a discrepancy between the economic need for highly qualified workers with higher education and the education system producing too many specialists with secondary vocational education. The discrepancy between the structure of skilled labour force produced by the education system and the employment structure in the labour market by 10 % increases unemployment by almost 1 %. The results of the study can be used by the government for creating the development strategy of the education system and reducing spatial inequality.

The State, Skilled Labour Markets, and Immigration: The Case of Doctors in England

10.1068/a3541 ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 34 (11) ◽  
pp. 2071-2089 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parvati Raghuram ◽  
Eleonore Kofman
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
The State ◽  
Labour Markets ◽  
Skilled Migration ◽  
State Regulations ◽  
Skilled Labour

Most recent research on skilled migration focuses on those working in the financial sectors and there has been very little work in Europe on the migration of people in welfare sectors. In this paper we seek to explore some of the complexities of shifting labour markets and immigration regulations and their influence on the geography of migration of doctors to England. We argue that state regulations, both of immigration and those governing the medical labour force, have been altered to meet the specificities of internal labour-market shortages and that the level of the state remains a useful analytical level for understanding the skilled migration of doctors.

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