Tracking Wurnan: Transformations in the trade and exchange of resources in the northern Kimberley

This chapter argues that distributive justice is institutionally based. Certain cooperative institutions are basic: they are necessary for economic production and the division of labor, trade and exchange, and distribution and consumption. These background institutions presuppose principles of justice to specify their terms, allocate productive resources, and define fair distributions. Primary among these basic institutions are property; laws and conventions enabling transfers of goods and productive resources; and the legal system of contract and agreements that make transfers possible and productive. Political institutions are necessary to specify, interpret, enforce, and make effective the terms of these institutions. Thus, basic cooperative institutions are social; they are realizable only within the context of social and political cooperation—this is a fixed empirical fact about cooperation among free and equal persons. Given the nature of fair social cooperation as a kind of reciprocity, distributive justice is primarily social rather than global in reach.

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Domestic Politics, China's Rise, and the Future of the Liberal International Order

International Organization ◽

10.1017/s002081832000048x ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-30

Author(s):

Jessica Chen Weiss ◽

Jeremy L. Wallace

Keyword(s):

Chinese Communist Party ◽

Domestic Politics ◽

The United States ◽

International Order ◽

World Politics ◽

Internet Governance ◽

Liberal Internationalism ◽

The Future ◽

Trade And Exchange ◽

International Behavior

Abstract With the future of liberal internationalism in question, how will China's growing power and influence reshape world politics? We argue that views of the Liberal International Order (LIO) as integrative and resilient have been too optimistic for two reasons. First, China's ability to profit from within the system has shaken the domestic consensus in the United States on preserving the existing LIO. Second, features of Chinese Communist Party rule chafe against many of the fundamental principles of the LIO, but could coexist with a return to Westphalian principles and markets that are embedded in domestic systems of control. How, then, do authoritarian states like China pick and choose how to engage with key institutions and norms within the LIO? We propose a framework that highlights two domestic variables—centrality and heterogeneity—and their implications for China's international behavior. We illustrate the framework with examples from China's approach to climate change, trade and exchange rates, Internet governance, territorial sovereignty, arms control, and humanitarian intervention. Finally, we conclude by considering what alternative versions of international order might emerge as China's influence grows.

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Global Pests, National Pride, Local Problems, and the Crisis of Hungarian Wine, 1867–1914

Austrian History Yearbook ◽

10.1017/s0067237821000060 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-16

Author(s):

Robert Nemes

Keyword(s):

World War I ◽

World War ◽

Folk Culture ◽

Wine Production ◽

National Imagination ◽

Local Problems ◽

History Of ◽

Trade And Exchange ◽

Rich History

Abstract Hungary has a long, rich history of wine production. Historians have emphasized wine's importance to the development of both the Hungarian economy and Hungarian nationalism. This article ties together these historiographical threads through a case study of a small village in one of Hungary's most famous wine regions. Tracing the village's history from the 1860s to World War I, the article makes three main claims. First, it demonstrates that from the start, this remote village belonged to wider networks of trade and exchange that stretched across the surrounding region, state, and continent. Second, it shows that even as Magyar elites celebrated the folk culture and peasant smallholders of this region, they also cheered the introduction of what they saw as scientific, rational agriculture. This leads to the last argument: wine achieved its place in the pantheon of Hungarian culture at a moment when the local communities that had grown up around its production and stirred the national imagination were undergoing dramatic and irreversible change.

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Czechoslovak Tariffs in the 1920s: An Example of Historical Specificity in Economic Policy

Slavic Review ◽

10.1017/slr.2021.149 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 80 (3) ◽

pp. 523-543

Author(s):

Oldřich Krpec ◽

Vít Hloušek

Keyword(s):

Exchange Rate ◽

Policy Decision ◽

Exchange Rate Policy ◽

Heterogeneous Structure ◽

Trade Surplus ◽

Transportation Equipment ◽

The First World War ◽

Historical Specificity ◽

Rate Policy ◽

Trade And Exchange

Czechoslovakia was the first industrialized economy to substantially increase tariffs after the First World War. At that time, Czechoslovakia was highly export-oriented, with a large trade surplus in industrial goods. We argue that the introduction of tariffs was a consequence of the ethnically heterogeneous structure of the economy. German capital controlled the highly export-oriented light and consumer goods industries; Czech capital dominated in industries that were far less export-oriented or even import-competing, such as machinery, transportation equipment, and electrical goods. Trade and exchange-rate policy preferences of both groups clearly differed; however, the policy decision-making process (at least until 1926) was completely controlled by Czechoslovaks and Czech capital, explicitly committed to a nationalist takeover of Czechoslovakia's economy. This is why it was possible to implement an exchange rate and trade policy that ran contrary to theoretical expectations based on the general (national aggregate) indicators of the national economy.

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Risk Appetite, Carry Trade and Exchange Rate

SSRN Electronic Journal ◽

10.2139/ssrn.1659571 ◽

2010 ◽

Author(s):

Ming-Hua Liu ◽

Dimitris Margaritis ◽

Alireza Tourani Rad

Keyword(s):

Exchange Rate ◽

Carry Trade ◽

Risk Appetite ◽

Trade And Exchange

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On Crises, International Trade and Exchange Rate Regimes

SSRN Electronic Journal ◽

10.2139/ssrn.2633139 ◽

2014 ◽

Author(s):

Francisco Ledesma Rodrrguez ◽

Jorge PPrez Rodrrguez ◽

Maria SantanaaGallego

Keyword(s):

International Trade ◽

Exchange Rate ◽

Exchange Rate Regimes ◽

Trade And Exchange

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Current Questions and New Directions in Archaeological Obsidian Studies

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199935413.013.2 ◽

2016 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Carolyn Dillian

Keyword(s):

Chemical Characterization ◽

Current Status ◽

Formation Processes ◽

X Ray ◽

Dating Methods ◽

New Directions ◽

Trade And Exchange

This article discusses the current status of archaeological obsidian studies, including techniques used in characterization and sourcing studies, obsidian hydration, and regional syntheses. It begins with an overview of obsidian and the unique formation processes that create it before turning to a discussion of the significance of characterization and sourcing techniques for understanding prehistoric obsidian trade and exchange. It then considers the problematic aspects of the term “sourcing,” despite its ubiquitous use in archaeology and archaeometry, along with the use of X-ray fluorescence in the chemical characterization of obsidian. It also explores obsidian hydration dating methods and equations, factors that can affect the date assignments for hydration specimens, and the various uses of obsidian in prehistoric times. Finally, it addresses some important questions relating to obsidian research and suggests new directions in the field.

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