scholarly journals Rebalancing equity and efficiency for sustained growth

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin Yifu Lin
Keyword(s):  
Sustained Growth ◽  
Equity And Efficiency

Political Economy of Land Tax in Pakistan

1986 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 839-853
Author(s):  
Sarfraz Khan Qureshi
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
Scarce Resources ◽  
Agricultural Produce ◽  
Finance Development ◽  
Equity And Efficiency ◽  
Formed Part

Taxation of the agricultural sector is a major instrument for mobilization of the surplus to finance development projects within the agricultural sector and/or the rest of the economy. For many years, the need for a heavier taxation of agricultural land has formed part of the conventional wisdom regarding the ways of extracting agricultural surplus and increasing the tempo of agricultural development in poor countries. Land taxes have both equity and efficiency properties that gladden the hearts of both economists and vocal politicians belonging to urban areas. Taxes on land promote efficiency in the allocation of scarce resources by creating incentives for farmers to increase their effort and reduce their consumption, thus expanding the amount of agricultural produce available to the non-agricultural sectors of the economy. A tax on land has an important redistributive function because its incidence falls squarely on the landlord and is shifted neither forward to consumers nor backwards to suppliers of agricultural inputs; nor does it introduce distortions in the allocation of productive resources.

SYNTHESIS OF MYCORRHIZAE ON EXPLANTS OF THE ROOT HYPOCOTYL OF PINUS SYLVESTRIS L.

1966 ◽  
Vol 44 (8) ◽  
pp. 1087-1092 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. André Fortin
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Root Cultures ◽  
Leguminous Plants ◽  
Sustained Growth

A method of growing excised root cultures of leguminous plants was modified for the culture of excised roots of Pinus sylvestris L. The inclusion of a portion of hypocotyl on the expiants from the seedlings was found essential to obtain sustained growth of the root. With such explants, typical ectotrophic mycor-rhizae were obtained upon inoculation with Amanita rubescens (Pers. ex Fr.) Quel.

The Labor Government's Industrial Relations Policy: Flexibility with Equity

1992 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Cook
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Industrial Relations ◽  
Safety Net ◽  
International Markets ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Workplace Culture ◽  
Equity And Efficiency ◽  
The Government ◽  
Wage Increases

The fundamental objective of the Government's industrial relations policy is to encourage and assist Australian companies and their employees to adopt work and management practices that will strengthen their capacity to compete successfully both in domestic and international markets. To this end we support co-operative and equitable workplace bargaining, with wage increases being linked to the reform of work practices and attitudes. Our support for decentralised bargaining is aimed at improving productivity by fostering a new workplace culture of striving for continuous improvement. We emphatically reject the view that such an outcome will be achieved by wholesale deregulation and reliance on unfettered market forces. The Government is committed, for both equity and efficiency reasons, to maintaining the Accord approach to wages policy. We are also committed to an independent Australian Industrial Relations Commission playing the vital role of protecting lower paid employees through the safety net of minimum award wages and conditions.

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