The thought of the ‘current unjust infringement’ in self-defense - For reference to Japanese case of ‘urgency’ -

Objectives. The goal of scholarly research is to develop proposals for amendments in criminal law General and Special part of Criminal code of the Russian Federation governing self-defense. The scientific article identifies legislative gaps and contradictions that hinder the effective implementation of the necessary defense and require prompt solutions. Methods. The article analyzes such concepts as “self-defense”, “public assault”, “excess of limits of necessary defense”, “violation of the conditions of lawfulness of necessary defense”, “surprise assault”, “rights defending or other persons, interests of the state”. The use of logical and comparative legal methods allowed us to develop proposals for making changes to the criminal law norms that establish the necessary defense. Conclusions. The article shows the conflicts and gaps legislative recognition of self-defense and, in this regard, the complexity of its implementation in the articles of the Special part of the Criminal code of the Russian Federation and practical application. Changes are proposed to the criminal law norms regulating the necessary defense, both in the General and in the Special part of the Criminal code of the Russian Federation. Sense. The content of the scientific article can be used by the teaching staff of higher educational institutions when teaching the course “Criminal law”. The results of the work can be useful to persons who carry out legislative activities in the field of criminal law. The leitmotif of the article can be used in the preparation of dissertation research.

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A Self Defense Wearable - Anti - Molestation Jacket

International Journal of Scientific Research ◽

10.15373/22778179/july2014/68 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 3 (7) ◽

pp. 218-220

Author(s):

Dr. (Prof) Noopur Anand ◽

◽

Nishant Priya ◽

Shahzad Ahmad

Keyword(s):

Self Defense

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Monisme Identitas Etnik dan Reliji di Mataram Lombok Nusa Tenggara Barat

Hanifiya: Jurnal Studi Agama-Agama ◽

10.15575/hanifiya.v2i1.4268 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 16-27

Author(s):

Abdulloh Fuadi

Keyword(s):

Identity Politics ◽

Religious Identity ◽

Religious Conversion ◽

New Order ◽

Reform Era ◽

Self Defense ◽

Religious Issues ◽

Library Research ◽

The Reformation ◽

Religious Problems

This paper discusses the discourse about the complexity of ethnic and religious identity monism in Mataram Lombok West Nusa Tenggara; Sasak ethnic is Islam, while Balinese ethnic is Hindu. The question is then does religious conversion also include ethnic conversion? Methodologically, this paper is library research. Several notes related to this discourse are as follows: (1) Increasing conflict escalation occurs during the Reformation era. Identity politics emerge and strengthen. In several conflicts at Mataram, the ethnic and religious identity is thickening. (2) There is a complexity between democracy and diversity. Democracy demands unity, while multiculturalism emphasizes particularity. Balancing them is easy in theory but difficult in practice. (3) It must be distinguished between politics and politicization. In the case of Indonesia, ethnic and religious issues are often politicized by some people to achieve their own group goals. (4) Relying on ethnicity is a natural instinct in self-defense and affirming identity. This is not necessary to be troubled and blamed. (5) These problems are like a Pandora's box, a box full of diseases. It was the reform era that opened the box which had been closed or covered by the New Order. What happened in the Reformation Era is the emergence of various ethnic and religious problems which were not recognized during the New Order era.

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