Study on Assistants in Legal Procedure under United States Law - Focusing on Civil Actions and Guardianship Process -

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-34
Author(s):  
Hyeri Lee ◽  
Author(s):  
Amalia D. Kessler

Chapter 5 considers the broader values with which Americans, including nonlawyers, came to invest adversarial procedure. Troubled by the radical economic transformations of the era (including the emergence of a growing class of dispossessed laborers), many Americans—and especially those influenced by then prevalent religious revivalism and utopian fervor—argued for the adoption of European-style conciliation courts as a means of tempering market excesses. Largely ignored in the scholarly literature, the ensuing debates in Florida, California, and New York were part of a transnational discussion launched by Jeremy Bentham, who coined the term “conciliation court” based on an institution created by the French Revolutionaries and exported throughout much of Europe (and its colonies). In the United States, these debates resulted in the enactment of state constitutional provisions authorizing legislatures to establish conciliation courts and legislation that did so. But the courts themselves failed to take meaningful root in the antebellum period. Their ultimately triumphant opponents rejected them as paternalistic institutions, suited only to feudal or despotic European nations. A nation that was so distinctively liberty-oriented and market-based, they argued, necessarily employed a distinctively adversarial approach to social, economic, and (perhaps especially) labor relations—and thus to legal procedure as well.


1964 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. Goodhart

It was with the greatest pleasure that I accepted the invitation of the American Judicature Society to pay a tribute to the Supreme Court of the United States tonight. This tribute comes from both sides of the Atlantic because I know that what I am going to say represents the feelings of the whole English legal profession—the Bench, the Bar, and the Solicitors. I dare not speak for the Scottish legal profession as I have no authority to do so.


Author(s):  
John M. Wehrung ◽  
Richard J. Harniman

Water tables in aquifer regions of the southwest United States are dropping off at a rate which is greater than can be replaced by natural means. It is estimated that by 1985 wells will run dry in this region unless adequate artificial recharging can be accomplished. Recharging with surface water is limited by the plugging of permeable rock formations underground by clay particles and organic debris.A controlled study was initiated in which sand grains were used as the rock formation and water with known clay concentrations as the recharge media. The plugging mechanism was investigated by direct observation in the SEM of frozen hydrated sand samples from selected depths.


Author(s):  
A. Hakam ◽  
J.T. Gau ◽  
M.L. Grove ◽  
B.A. Evans ◽  
M. Shuman ◽  
...  

Prostate adenocarcinoma is the most common malignant tumor of men in the United States and is the third leading cause of death in men. Despite attempts at early detection, there will be 244,000 new cases and 44,000 deaths from the disease in the United States in 1995. Therapeutic progress against this disease is hindered by an incomplete understanding of prostate epithelial cell biology, the availability of human tissues for in vitro experimentation, slow dissemination of information between prostate cancer research teams and the increasing pressure to “ stretch” research dollars at the same time staff reductions are occurring.To meet these challenges, we have used the correlative microscopy (CM) and client/server (C/S) computing to increase productivity while decreasing costs. Critical elements of our program are as follows:1) Establishing the Western Pennsylvania Genitourinary (GU) Tissue Bank which includes >100 prostates from patients with prostate adenocarcinoma as well as >20 normal prostates from transplant organ donors.


Author(s):  
C. D. Humphrey ◽  
C.S. Goldsmith ◽  
L. Elliott ◽  
S.R. Zaki

An outbreak of unexplained acute pulmonary syndrome with high fatality was recognized in the spring of 1993 in the southwestern United States. The cause of the illness was quickly identified serologically and genetically as a hantavirus and the disease was named hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS). Recently, the virus was isolated from deer mice which had been trapped near the homes of HPS patients, and cultivated in Vero E6 cells. We identified the cultivated virus by negative-stain direct and colloidal gold immune electron microscopy (EM).Virus was extracted, clarified, and concentrated from unfixed and 0.25% glutaraldehyde fixed supernatant fluids of infected Vero E6 cells by a procedure described previously. Concentrated virus suspensions tested by direct EM were applied to glow-discharge treated formvar-carbon filmed grids, blotted, and stained with 0.5% uranyl acetate (UA) or with 2% phosphotungstic acid (PTA) pH 6.5. Virus suspensions for immune colloidal gold identification were adsorbed similarly to filmed grids but incubated for 1 hr on drops of 1:50 diluted monoclonal antibody to Prospect Hill virus nucleoprotein or with 1:50 diluted sera from HPS virus infected deer mice.


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