scholarly journals Old Latvian Comparative Constructions

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (1/2) ◽  
pp. 93-99
Author(s):  
Norbert Ostrowski ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
The State ◽  
Comparative Constructions ◽  
State Of Affairs ◽  
Comparative Construction

What functioned as the primary comparative construction in seventeenth-century Latvian was a construction with the conjunction nekā ‘than’ (literally: ‘not like’), which typologically represents the so-called conjoined comparative in Stassen’s terminology (Stassen 1985). This is consistent with the state of affairs evidenced in sixteenth-century Lithuanian, where, as primary comparative constructions of inequality (COI), we find constructions with conjunctions comprising negation: neg(i), nei(gi), neng, nekaip, net, nent ‘than’ (Ostrowski 2018).

The Tenuous Thread: A Venetian Lawyer's Apology for Jewish Self-Government in the Seventeenth Century

AJS Review ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-250
Author(s):  
David Malkiel
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Jewish Community ◽  
Jewish People ◽  
The State ◽  
Early Modern Europe ◽  
Christian Doctrine ◽  
Modern Europe ◽  
Political Structures

Ghettoization stimulated sixteenth-century Italian Jewry to develop larger and more complex political structures, because the Jewish community now became responsible for municipal tasks. This development, however, raised theological objections in Catholic circles because Christian doctrine traditionally forbade the Jewish people dominion. It also aroused hostility among the increasingly centralized governments of early modern Europe, who viewed Jewish self-government as an infringement of the sovereignty of the state. The earliest appearance of the term “state within a state,” which has become a shorthand expression for the latter view, was recently located in Venice in 1631.

scholarly journals Adaptabilidade jesuítica e tradução cultural nas aldeias da América portuguesa * Jesuit adaptability and cultural translation in missions of Portuguese America

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
LUISA TOMBINI WITTMAN
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
The State ◽  
Multiple Roles ◽  
Cultural Translation ◽  
Society Of Jesus ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Jesuit Missions ◽  
Cultural Translations

<p><strong>Resumo:</strong><strong> </strong>A análise da documentação histórica da Companhia de Jesus revela adaptações jesuíticas e traduções culturais, através da música, nas aldeias do Estado do Brasil e do Estado do Maranhão. A investigação atentará para as regras proibitivas da Companhia e para as flexibilizações ocorridas nas missões da costa e do planalto paulista, a partir da chegada dos jesuítas em 1549, e da Amazônia colonial, na segunda metade do século XVII. Busca-se, assim, reconstruir histórias de constantes negociações, na qual a música desempenha papéis plurais e os sujeitos envolvidos colocam em jogo sonoridades que se revelam indispensáveis ao contato entre ameríndios e missionários.<strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Palavras-chave:</strong> Companhia de Jesus – Indígenas – Música – Missões – América Portuguesa.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstract:</strong> The analysis of the documentation of the Society of Jesus reveals adaptations and cultural translations, through music, in Jesuit Missions of Portuguese America (Brazil and the State of Maranhão). This article focuses on the prohibitive rules adopted by the Jesuits and on their adaptability within the missionary contexts of the sixteenth-century coast (and São Paulo plateau) and the seventeenth-century colonial Amazon. In sum, develops stories of constant negotiations, where music played multiple roles and where different historical agents exchanged sounds that proved to be indispensable in the contact between Amerindian peoples and European missionaries.</p><p><strong>Keywords:</strong> Society of Jesus – Indians – Music – Missions – Portuguese America.</p>

From Shahāda to ʿAqīda: Conversion to Islam, Catechisation and Sunnitisation in Sixteenth-Century Ottoman Rumeli

Islamisation ◽  
2017 ◽  
pp. 296-314
Author(s):  
Tijana Krstić
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Recent Article ◽  
The State ◽  
Religious Instruction ◽  
Conversion To Islam ◽  
Insufficient Knowledge

In a recent article, Derin Terzioğlu introduced a heretofore unknown seventeenth-century catechetical work in Ottoman Turkish by a certain Nushi al-Nasıhi. Hailing most probably from the Ottoman European domains (Rumeli) and writing in roughly the 1630s, Nushi lamented the state of basic religious instruction in the empire and blamed the woes of the Ottoman state on insufficient knowledge of faith and on laxity in the observance of religious laws. He went on to outline a detailed plan of how the condition should be remedied: the authorities should send out town criers to all neighbourhoods and announce that from that point on everyone over the age of seven regardless of their social status would be examined on their knowledge of ‘faith and Islam and ablution and ritual prayer’ (īmāndan ve İslāmdan ve ābdest ve namāzdan suʾāl idüp).1 He further enjoined that those who fail to show satisfactory knowledge should be ‘publicly scolded, administered discretionary punishment or evicted from the neighbourhood’.2

The State and the Arts in Ottoman Turkey

1982 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 283-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
The State ◽  
Central Administration ◽  
Intrinsic Interest ◽  
Islamic World ◽  
The Arts ◽  
Technical Vocabulary ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ottoman Turkey

The purpose of this article is to present to a wide public the documents relating to the construction of Süleymaniye published by the late ömer Lutfi Barkan and his team of collaborators in Süleymaniye Camii ve Inşaati, Vols. I, II (Ankara 1972, 1979). They strikingly illustrate the ability of the Ottoman central administration to co-ordinate complex operations minutely from a distance; and nothing of such detail exists for any monument of Istanbul before the early seventeenth century, or for any other building in the Islamic world.Some topics have already been considered in detail by Barkan, which explains the present choice of the sections of the accounts relating to furnishing and decorating Süleymaniye. They offer a mass of material of considerable intrinsic interest and of considerable value for the history of the luxury trades, both domestic and foreign, in sixteenth-century Ottoman Turkey. But simple translation is not enough: there are too many variant or dubious readings; the technical vocabulary is often recondite and the senses of certain terms must be a matter for conjecture; and the identification or designation of many of the materials is problematic.

The Education of Catholics from the Act of Uniformity to the Catholic Relief Acts

2005 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 346-358
Author(s):  
Geoffrey Holt
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
The State ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
The Reformation

While there was considerable interest in education in sixteenth and seventeenth century England (it is unnecessary to remind ourselves that it was not compulsory) there can be little doubt that it had suffered much as the result of the changes brought about by the Reformation. The religious houses of men and women where boys and girls had received some schooling were swept away and the new grammar schools only partially filled the void. The universities too had been through a period of upheaval. By the end of the sixteenth century the State had laid it down that every schoolmaster had to have a licence to teach and that no children might be sent abroad for their education. The curriculum in the schools was narrow; despite proposals, which had little effect, to make education more practical, the choice of subjects was still largely dictated by theological considerations and Latin, Greek and Hebrew were predominant in the grammar schools. The State, of course, did little or nothing to help although some sequestrated revenues were allotted to education during the Commonwealth period.

After the Flood

2021 ◽  
pp. 127-144
Author(s):  
Faisal H. Husain
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
The State ◽  
Provincial Government ◽  
Channel Shift ◽  
Long Term Consequences ◽  
Provincial Autonomy ◽  
Personal Agenda

This chapter documents the long-term consequences of the Euphrates’ channel shift that occurred in the late seventeenth century. The rural order established by the Ottoman administration from the sixteenth century unraveled. The herders’ associations sponsored by the state disintegrated and gave way to assertive tribal confederations that regularly clashed with Ottoman authorities. To restore order, Istanbul empowered the governor of Baghdad Hasan Pasha, who fulfilled his mandate while pursuing his own personal agenda. He established a household that transformed into a provincial dynasty called the Pashalik of Baghdad, in control of the most important positions in the Ottoman provincial government. By the end of the eighteenth century, this trend toward provincial autonomy would place the most critical stretches of the Tigris and Euphrates under the command of Baghdad, which made the most important decisions related to navigation and irrigation.

Academic Feud, Bloodfeud, and William Welwood: Legal Education in St Andrews, 1560–1611-Part I

1998 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W Cairns
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Legal History ◽  
Legal Education ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
Legal Culture ◽  
Roman Law ◽  
Joint Meeting ◽  
Academic Education

This article, in earlier versions presented as a paper to the Edinburgh Roman Law Group on 10 December 1993 and to the joint meeting of the London Roman Law Group and London Legal History Seminar on 7 February 1997, addresses the puzzle of the end of law teaching in the Scottish universities at the start of the seventeenth century at the very time when there was strong pressure for the advocates of the Scots bar to have an academic education in Civil Law. It demonstrates that the answer is to be found in the life of William Welwood, the last Professor of Law in St Andrews, while making some general points about bloodfeud in Scotland, the legal culture of the sixteenth century, and the implications of this for Scottish legal history. It is in two parts, the second of which will appear in the next issue of the Edinburgh Law Review.

A Better Solution to the General Problem of Creation

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-162
Author(s):  
Jeremy W. Skrzypek
Keyword(s):  
Recent Work ◽  
General Problem ◽  
The State ◽  
State Of Affairs ◽  
Better Than

It is often suggested that, since the state of affairs in which God creates a good universe is better than the state of affairs in which He creates nothing, a perfectly good God would have to create that good universe. Making use of recent work by Christine Korgaard on the relational nature of the good, I argue that the state of affairs in which God creates is actually not better, due to the fact that it is not better for anyone or anything in particular. Hence, even a perfectly good God would not be compelled to create a good universe.

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