scholarly journals Solar modulation of galactic cosmic rays electrons and positrons over the 23rd solar minimum with the PAMELA experiment.

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riccardo Munini
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Solar Minimum ◽  
Galactic Cosmic Rays ◽  
Solar Modulation ◽  
Pamela Experiment ◽  
Electrons And Positrons

Solar modulation of galactic cosmic rays near solar minimum (1965)

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (10) ◽  
pp. S887-S891 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. K. Balasubrahmanyan ◽  
D. E. Hagge ◽  
F. B. McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Solar Minimum ◽  
Intensity Variation ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Galactic Cosmic Rays ◽  
Solar Modulation ◽  
Time Behavior ◽  
Cosmic Ray Intensity ◽  
Radial Gradient

The results of the continuous monitoring of the intensity of cosmic rays (of energy > 50 MeV) with identical G-M counter telescopes flown in satellites IMP I, II, and III and OGO-I are presented along with the differential spectrum studies obtained from balloon flights at Fort Churchill and from satellites. A comparison of the time behavior of the G-M counter data with Deep River neutron monitor data suggests the presence of a "hysteresis" type of behavior due to spectral changes occurring near solar minimum. The existence of this "hysteresis" suggests that the radial gradient of cosmic rays near the earth could be much smaller than the ~ 10%/AU obtained by O'Gallagher and Simpson (1967) and O'Gallagher (1967) at higher energies. The long-term intensity variation of cosmic rays seems to follow the Ap index rather closely in phase, in contrast to sunspot numbers which display a pronounced phase difference with cosmic-ray intensity. The differential spectra of protons and He nuclei have been analyzed in terms of two different models for the propagation in the interplanetary medium. The modulations indicated by the present data seem to disagree with a diffusion coefficient proportional to βR where β and R are the velocity and rigidity of the particle respectively (Jokipii 1966).

scholarly journals Study of solar modulation of galactic cosmic rays with the PAMELA and ARINA spectrometers in 2006-2012

2013 ◽  
Vol 409 ◽  
pp. 012194
Author(s):  
M A Bzheumikhova ◽  
O Adriani ◽  
G C Barbarino ◽  
G A Bazilevskaya ◽  
R Bellotti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Galactic Cosmic Rays ◽  
Solar Modulation

scholarly journals Solar modulation of galactic cosmic rays during 2006-2015 based on PAMELA and ARINA data

2017 ◽  
Vol 798 ◽  
pp. 012042
Author(s):  
A G Mayorov ◽  
O Adriani ◽  
S Y Aleksandrin ◽  
G C Barbarino ◽  
G A Bazilevskaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Galactic Cosmic Rays ◽  
Solar Modulation

The solar modulation of galactic cosmic rays in the outer heliosphere

1981 ◽  
Vol 249 ◽  
pp. L71 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. B. McDonald ◽  
J. H. Trainor ◽  
N. Lal ◽  
M. A. I. van Hollebeke ◽  
W. R. Webber
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Galactic Cosmic Rays ◽  
Solar Modulation ◽  
Outer Heliosphere

scholarly journals Latitudinal and radial variation of >2 GeV/n protons and alpha-particles at solar maximum: ULYSSES COSPIN/KET and neutron monitor network observations

2003 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 1295-1302 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. V. Belov ◽  
E. A. Eroshenko ◽  
B. Heber ◽  
V. G. Yanke ◽  
A. Raviart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Neutron Monitor ◽  
Solar Minimum ◽  
Latitudinal Gradient ◽  
Solar Maximum ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Galactic Cosmic Rays ◽  
Alpha Particles ◽  
Polar Regions

Abstract. Ulysses, launched in October 1990, began its second out-of-ecliptic orbit in September 1997. In 2000/2001 the spacecraft passed from the south to the north polar regions of the Sun in the inner heliosphere. In contrast to the first rapid pole to pole passage in 1994/1995 close to solar minimum, Ulysses experiences now solar maximum conditions. The Kiel Electron Telescope (KET) measures also protons and alpha-particles in the energy range from 5 MeV/n to >2 GeV/n. To derive radial and latitudinal gradients for >2 GeV/n protons and alpha-particles, data from the Chicago instrument on board IMP-8 and the neutron monitor network have been used to determine the corresponding time profiles at Earth. We obtain a spatial distribution at solar maximum which differs greatly from the solar minimum distribution. A steady-state approximation, which was characterized by a small radial and significant latitudinal gradient at solar minimum, was interchanged with a highly variable one with a large radial and a small – consistent with zero – latitudinal gradient. A significant deviation from a spherically symmetric cosmic ray distribution following the reversal of the solar magnetic field in 2000/2001 has not been observed yet. A small deviation has only been observed at northern polar regions, showing an excess of particles instead of the expected depression. This indicates that the reconfiguration of the heliospheric magnetic field, caused by the reappearance of the northern polar coronal hole, starts dominating the modulation of galactic cosmic rays already at solar maximum.Key words. Interplanetary physics (cosmic rays; energetic particles) – Space plasma physics (charged particle motion and acceleration)

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