scholarly journals Gender differences in the severity and features of lesions among Cutaneous Leishmaniasis patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Giemsa Stain ◽  
Endemic Region ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rural Districts ◽  
Site Type ◽  
Parasite Number ◽  
Severe Infections ◽  
Male Patients

Objective: To determine if there is any differences in the severity and features of lesions among patients complaining of cutaneous leishmaniasis in an endemic region . Methods: A cross-sectional, observational, descriptive study was performed ( January 2014 to June 2019 ) in the dermatology clinics of : Rizgary Hospital , Hawler teaching center for Skin Diseases, Shadi Health Center, Hawler Institute of Health Prevention. All the patients were referred from both rural districts of Makhmur and Kalack. The provisional diagnosis was dependent mainly on clinical examination in addition to Giemsa stain. Parasite (amastigote) grading and distribution of number, site, type and size of lesions according to the gender of patients were studied . Results: A total of 1264 cutaneous leishmaniasis cases were diagnosed during the study period . According to stain results, 70.6% of the cases were positive to Giemsa stain. Parasite grading and parasite number /field were higher significantly in males . Features of case severity according to the characters of the lesions (number, size, site, type) were more noted in males than females. Conclusions: Male patients are more prone to more severe infections than females.

Isolation and Molecular Identification of Leishmania spp. Agents in Patients with Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Yazd Province, Endemic Region of Central Iran

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilda ESLAMI ◽  
Ali FATTAHI BAFGHI ◽  
Mohammad Hassan LOTFI ◽  
Farzaneh MIRZAEI ◽  
Somayeh AHMADI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Molecular Identification ◽  
Rflp Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Central Iran ◽  
Endemic Region ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Leishmania Spp

Background: Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL) is a major health problem in many parts of Iran. Many methods have been introduced for detection and identification of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis. The purpose of this study was isolation and molecular identification of Leishmania spp. agents in patients with CL from endemic region of central Iran. In this study, one of the main loci of central Iran named Yazd will be assessed CL identification using PCR-RFLP. Methods: For this cross-sectional study, sampling was done from 372 suspicious patients with CL who referred to Health Centers of Yazd Province from 2016 to 2017. After collection samples of patients, DNA extraction was done from samples on slides. Genus detection was done using specific primers by PCR. RFLP analysis was done for species identification. Results: Out of 372 samples, 159 samples were positive using PCR based method. Out of 159 samples, 87 (54.7%) L. major and 72 (45.3%) L. tropica were identified using RFLP analysis. The number of lesions in each patient was different but 119 (74.8%) patients showed the number of 1-3 lesions, and more lesions (more than 10 lesions) was showed in 4 (2.5%) person. Conclusion: The CL found in Yazd province resulted from L. major and L. tropica as the agents of rural and urban types, respectively. The prevalence of L. major and L. tropica was almost the same. This indicated that control programs could be designed for treatment and vector and reservoir control.

scholarly journals A clinico-epidemiological study on cutaneous leishmaniasis in Erbil, Iraq (2015-2017)

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Zakarea Abdullah Yaseen Al-Khayat ◽  
Nabaz Fisal Shakir Agha ◽  
Kawthar Ibrahim Fatah Alharmni ◽  
Yousef Jafar Khudhur
Keyword(s):  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Giemsa Stain ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Provisional Diagnosis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dermatology Clinic ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Observational Descriptive Study

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> The objective of the study was to determine the incidence of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in Makhmur District (Erbil Province).</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> A cross-sectional, observational, descriptive study was performed in the outpatient clinic of Makhmur General Health Center. All the patients who presented at the dermatology clinic during the period from January 2015 to January 2017 were included in the study. The provisional diagnosis was dependent mainly on clinical examination in addition to Giemsa stain.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> A total of 1264 cutaneous leishmaniasis cases were diagnosed during the study period with males representing 54.6% of the cases. The study participants ranged from 10 months to 61 years. Age group &lt;15 years were 53.5%. Clinically, 49.3% of patients had one lesion, 51.5% of patients had wet type. Most lesions were found on both limbs (48.8%). The highest number of cases was recorded during February (29.1%) and November (21.8%), while the lowest rate of cases was recorded in July (0.2%). According to stain results, 70.6% of the cases were positive to giemsa stain.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> CL is endemic in Makhmur district. Males were infected in higher percent than females and this may be due to cultural, occupational and social factors.</p>

Soames' & Southam's Oral Pathology

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Max Robinson ◽  
Keith Hunter ◽  
Michael Pemberton ◽  
Philip Sloan
Keyword(s):  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Oral Pathology ◽  
Pathological Features ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Oral Medicine ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Facial Region ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Cross Sectional Imaging ◽  
Key Aspects

A sound understanding of clinical oral pathology is essential if a dental clinician is to navigate successfully through clinical guidelines, make timely referrals to specialists, and provide good care for patients. This new edition of Soames' & Southam's Oral Pathology provides a clear and friendly guide for students, practitioners, and the whole dental team. Thoroughly updated for today's clinical practice, this textbook covers 'must-know' oral pathology and integrates key aspects of oral medicine. It begins by explaining the principles of clinical assessment, the synthesis of a differential diagnosis, and the selection of further investigations including laboratory tests. Ten chapters bring this theory to life by looking at the clinical and pathological features of a wide range of common oral diseases including oral cancer, salivary gland disorders, and diseases of the jaws. Two new chapters address skin diseases affecting the oro-facial region and neck lumps. A final chapter highlights the importance of clinical oral pathology in the context of systemic human disease. New radiology content includes examples of cross-sectional imaging. Photomicrographs have been replaced with carefully selected images to illustrate key pathological features. Each chapter includes key points boxes and tables to aid learning. Written by experts in both oral pathology and oral medicine, this new edition is a must-have for dentistry students, and those working in the field, providing current and trustworthy information.

scholarly journals The role of sexual compulsivity in unprotected intercourse among STI patients in Shanghai, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Ni ◽  
Hengan Liu ◽  
Ruijie Gong ◽  
Mei Shi ◽  
Shuxian Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Partner ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Transmitted Disease ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sexual Partners ◽  
Sexual Compulsivity ◽  
Sexually Active ◽  
Unprotected Intercourse ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background Sexual compulsivity (SC) and its relationship with unprotected intercourse (UI) have long been an intriguing topic, but its existential meaning in the management of public health or, more precisely, sexually transmitted infections (STIs) has rarely been studied to date. This study examines whether SC plays a role in UI among sexually active STI patients. Method A cross-sectional study was conducted in two sexual transmitted disease (STD) clinicals of Shanghai Skin Diseases Hospital in Shanghai. Totally 664 sexually active STI patients were included. Results The ages of the 664 participants ranged from 18 to 76 years, with 58.73% between 26 and 40 years old. 449 (191 male and 258 female) reported had UI during the past 6 months. Although the only statistically significant difference (p < 0.01) was in relation to UI with a casual sexual partner, the difference between male/female and regular/casual sexual partners remained evident. Conclusions SC is evidently a potential predictor of UI with a casual sexual partner in male STI patients, while the use of condoms is more likely to be affected by other factors. In addition to general sexual education, counseling interventions should be provided by health institutions, and specific intervention methods targeting gender and sexual partners should be considered.

scholarly journals First Study of the Prevalence and Characterization of Brachial Plexus Injuries in Guatemala

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (01) ◽  
pp. e46-e50
Author(s):  
Carmen Joanna González Lemus ◽  
Fernando Xavier Romero Prieto
Keyword(s):  
Brachial Plexus ◽  
Brachial Plexus Injury ◽  
Main Mode ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Mode Of Transportation ◽  
Surgery Department

Abstract Objective This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of brachial plexus injuries and to characterize clinically and epidemiologically patients with brachial plexus injury. Materials and Methods In this cross-sectional descriptive study, 2,923 medical records of patients aged 1 to 64 years who presented at outpatient peripheral nerve unit of the Orthopedic Surgery Department of Hospital Roosevelt, Guatemala, from January 2017 to December 2017, were prospectively analyzed to identify the prevalence and factors associated with brachial plexus injuries. Results The prevalence rate of brachial plexus injuries in patients was 5.74%. This injury is more common in men (90.5%) aged 24 to 64 years. Brachial plexus injuries occurred secondary to motorcycle accident in 72% of the cases, with the majority affecting the dominant upper extremity. In addition, 64.28% of the patients took 1 to 6 months to seek consultation, whereas only 16.07% requested medical assistance <1 month from the onset of symptoms, and this result was associated with early diagnosis and adequate recovery during follow-up. Furthermore, 66.67% presented upper brachial plexus injury with no associated fractures or vascular injury, manifesting distress while performing daily activities that required hand, arm, and elbow movements. Conclusion The risk of suffering BPIs in Guatemala increases in economically active male patients that use motorcycles as main mode of transportation. Patients should consult immediately after injury onset to optimize management results. For this reason, hospitals must develop specialized clinical guidelines to speed up the identification and treatment of BPI injuries.

The influence of prescriber and patient gender on the prescription of benzodiazepines: results from the Florida Medicaid Dataset

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Leanna M. W. Lui ◽  
Yena Lee ◽  
Orly Lipsitz ◽  
Nelson B. Rodrigues ◽  
Hartej Gill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Assistance Program ◽  
Patient Gender ◽  
Prescription Rates ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Main Effects

Abstract Background Benzodiazepine (BZD) prescription rates have increased over the past decade in the United States. Available literature indicates that sociodemographic factors may influence diagnostic patterns and/or prescription behaviour. Herein, the aim of this study is to determine whether the gender of the prescriber and/or patient influences BZD prescription. Methods Cross-sectional study using data from the Florida Medicaid Managed Medical Assistance Program from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2018. Eligible recipients ages 18 to 64, inclusive, enrolled in the Florida Medicaid plan for at least 1 day, and were dually eligible. Recipients either had a serious mental illness (SMI), or non-SMI and anxiety. Results Total 125 463 cases were identified (i.e., received BZD or non-BZD prescription). Main effect of patient and prescriber gender was significant F(1, 125 459) = 0.105, P = 0 .745, partial η2 < 0.001. Relative risk (RR) of male prescribers prescribing a BZD compared to female prescribers was 1.540, 95% confidence intervals (CI) [1.513, 1.567], whereas the RR of male patients being prescribed a BZD compared to female patients was 1.16, 95% CI [1.14, 1.18]. Main effects of patient and prescriber gender were statistically significant F(1, 125 459) = 188.232, P < 0.001, partial η2 = 0.001 and F(1, 125 459) = 349.704, P < 0.001, partial η2 = 0.013, respectively. Conclusions Male prescribers are more likely to prescribe BZDs, and male patients are more likely to receive BZDs. Further studies are required to characterize factors that influence this gender-by-gender interaction.

Low Level of Serum Sclerostin in Adult Patients with Tumor-induced Osteomalacia Comparing with X-linked Hypophosphatemia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaolin Ni ◽  
Qi Zhang ◽  
Xiang Li ◽  
Qianqian Pang ◽  
Yiyi Gong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mass ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Premenopausal Patients ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Sclerostin Level ◽  
Sclerostin Antibody

Abstract Context Sclerostin is an inhibitor of Wnt-β-catenin signaling to regulate bone formation. Circulating sclerostin levels were reported to be elevated in patients with X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH), and sclerostin antibody (Scl-Ab) has been shown to increase bone mass and normalize circulating phosphate levels in Hyp mice. However, circulating sclerostin level in acquired hypophosphatemic patients with tumor-induced osteomalacia (TIO) remains rare reported. Objectives This study was designed to evaluate serum sclerostin levels in TIO patients comparing them with age-, sex- matched healthy controls and XLH patients, and analyze correlation of circulating sclerostin with BMD and laboratory parameters. Design, Setting and Participants 190 individuals including 83 adult TIO patients, 83 adult healthy controls and 24 adult XLH patients were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Main outcome measures Serum sclerostin levels were determined in TIO patients, healthy controls and XLH patients. Results TIO patients (43 male and 40 female) aged 44.3 ± 8.7 (mean ± SD) years had lower levels of circulating sclerostin than healthy controls (94.2 ± 45.8 vs 108.4 ± 42.3 pg/mL, p = 0.01) with adjustment for age, gender, BMI and diabetes rate. Sclerostin levels were positively associated with age (r = 0.238, p = 0.030). Male patients had higher sclerostin level than female patients (104.7 ± 47.3 vs 83.0 ± 41.8 pg/mL, p = 0.014) and postmenopausal patients had higher tendency of sclerostin level than premenopausal patients (98.4 ± 48.8 vs 71.6 ± 32.3 ng/ml, p = 0.05). Sclerostin levels were positively associated with BMD of L1-4 (r = 0.255, p = 0.028), femoral neck (r = 0.242, p = 0.039) and serum calcium (r = 0.231, p = 0.043). TIO subgroup patients (n=24, 35.9 ± 7.3 years old) comparing with age-, sex-matched adult XLH patients and healthy controls revealed significant difference of sclerostin levels (XLH, TIO and healthy control were 132.0 ± 68.8, 68.4 ± 31.3 and 98.6 ± 41.1 pg/mL, respectively, p &lt; 0.001). Conclusions Circulating sclerostin levels were decreased in TIO patients but increased in XLH patients, which might be result of histological abnormality and bone mass.

ASSESSMENT OF ASSOCIATION OF DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS, DIET AND DISEASE WITH HAEMORRHAGIC STROKE AND FACTORS CAUSING STROKE LEADING TO CEREBRAL HAEMORRHAGE IN MALE PATIENTS IN QUETTA, BALOCHISTAN, PAKISTAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-189
Author(s):  
Anila Alam ◽  
◽  
Musa Bin Bashir ◽  
Mirwais Khan ◽  
Asad Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Past History ◽  
Cerebral Haemorrhage ◽  
Haemorrhagic Stroke ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Urban Residence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Male Patients

Objectives. This study aimed to assess and make a pattern of factors causing stroke leading to cerebral haemorrhage in male patients as well as to assess association of demographic characteristics, diet and disease with haemorrhagic stroke in Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan. Methods. In a cross sectional questionnaire based interviewing study, a questionnaire was designed to access the pattern of factors causing stroke leading to cerebral haemorrhage in male patients. Total 339 cases (adult male who had haemorrhagic stroke) were identified from two government and four private hospitals in Quetta City, Province Balochistan, Pakistan. The study was conducted within the time period of 9 months, from March to November, 2015. The data was piloted and then final data was analysed by using IBM SPSS 22. Results. In demographic characteristic study of patients, majority 219 (64.6%) were among the age group between 51 years and above, 330 (97.3%) were married, majority 186 (54.9%) were having urban residence and 277 (81.7%) were having own residence ownership, 127 (37.5%) were having addiction to smoking and 120 (35.4%) were addicted to tobacco and snuff. 124 (36.6%) were reluctant to mention whether their patients were either smokers or not. Among total 339 patients, majority 284 (83.8%) were not doing physical exercise routinely or if they were recommended by the physician. Among the 339 patients, all 339 (100%) of patients selected the multiple options among all given options (headache, unconscious/loss of consciousness, pain in neck). Conclusions. Demographic characteristics, low level of education, low income, urban residence in combined family setup, married, increased number of children are associated with hemorrhagic stroke. Smoking, tobacco and snuffing may also cause stroke. Lack of physical exercise, past history of stroke, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, hypertension (personal or family) of any type does not significantly cause stroke but may increase the risk of stroke. The order of events suddenly happened to the hemorrhagic patients are headache, pain in neck, vomiting and finally state of unconsciousness.

scholarly journals Stigmatisation and body image impairment in dermatological patients: protocol for an observational multicentre study in 16 European countries

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. e024877 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florence J Dalgard ◽  
Anthony Bewley ◽  
Andrea W Evers ◽  
Uwe Gieler ◽  
Lars Lien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Multicentre Study ◽  
Skin Disease ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Psychosocial Burden ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
General Anxiety Disorder

IntroductionPatients with common skin diseases may have substantial psychosocial comorbidity and reduced quality of life. This study aims at exploring further the psychosocial burden of skin diseases by assessing stigmatisation and body image problems in a large sample of patients with skin disease across Europe.Methods and analysisThe study is an observational cross-sectional multicentre study across 16 European countries comparing stigmatisation and body image in patients with skin disease compared with controls. Consecutive patients will be recruited in outpatient clinics and will complete validated questionnaires prior to clinical examination by a dermatologist at each recruitment site. In addition to sociodemographic background information, the outcomes will be: mood disorders assessed by short versions of the Patient Health Questionnaire and the General Anxiety Disorder Assessment; general health assessed by the EuroQol-Visual Analogue Scale; stigmatisation experience assessed by the Perceived Stigmatisation Questionnaire; stress assessed by the Perceived Stress Scale and body image assessed by the Dysmorphic Concern Questionnaire. The main criteria for eligibility are to be 18 years old or more. The analysis will include comparison between patients and controls for the main outcomes using t-tests, analyses of covariance and multivariate logistic regression models adjusting for potential confounding factors.Ethics and disseminationThe study protocol is approved by the University of Giessen and by the local Ethical Committee in each recruitment centre. Informed consent will be given by each participant. The results of the study will be disseminated by publications in international peer-reviewed journals and presented at international conferences and general public conferences. Results will influence support intervention and management of patients with skin disease across Europe.Trial registration numberDRKS00012745; Pre-results.

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