scholarly journals EMISI GAS RUMAH KACA DI PERKEBUNAN KARET

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 157
Author(s):  
Priyo Adi Nugroho
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Rubber Plantation ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Research Consortium ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

Carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4) are three of the major greenhouse gas (GHG). Agricultural sector accounts for 10-14% of global athropogenic GHGs. The research of GHGs in rubber plantation has been started in several rubber producer countries including Indonesia however the progress is not as fast as in other agricultural commodities. Carbon stock and carbon balance in rubber plantation is the trending research topic. Biometric and eddy coveriance are the two methods that are used for investigating carbon emission. The results of some study using those two methods indicate that the similar result i.e. the amount carbon that is released by rubber plantation ecosystem is tended to be smaller than carbon absorption. The amount of CO2 that absorbed by rubber plantation is approximately 29-40 tons CO2 ha/year. Commonly the previous studies are mostly conducted in establish area, which mean the study is not designed with some treatments such as fertilizer and organic matter dosage, time of application, soil tillage. The deeply study of carbon emission, related to field management to carry out the best management practices and environmental friendly is still needed. The similar study concerning other gas like N2O in rubber plantation is also important to be conducted. It is due to the application of nitrogen fertilizer and organic matter in rubber plantation is high enough. There are some opportunities to conduct research consortium with other research institutions and universities in order to solve the high cost in GHGs research.

scholarly journals Soil structure after 18 years of long-term different tillage systems and fertilisation in Haplic Luvisol

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 140-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Šimanský Vladimír ◽  
Lukáč Martin
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Structure ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Arable Soils ◽  
Water Stable Aggregates

Soil structure is a key determinant of many soil environmental processes and is essential for supporting terrestrial ecosystem productivity. Management of arable soils plays a significant role in forming and maintaining their structure. Between 1994 and 2011, we studied the influence of soil tillage and fertilisation regimes on the stability of soil structure of loamy Haplic Luvisol in a replicated long-term field experiment in the Dolná Malanta locality (Slovakia). Soil samples were repeatedly collected from plots exposed to the following treatments: conventional tillage (CT) and minimum tillage (MT) combined with conventional (NPK) and crop residue-enhanced fertilisation (CR+NPK). MT resulted in an increase of critical soil organic matter content (St) by 7% in comparison with CT. Addition of crop residues and NPK fertilisers significantly increased St values (by 7%) in comparison with NPK-only treatments. Soil tillage and fertilisation did not have any significant impact on other parameters of soil structure such as dry sieving mean weight diameters (MWD), mean weight diameter of water-stable aggregates (MWD<sub>WSA</sub>), vulnerability coefficient (Kv), stability index of water-stable aggregates (Sw), index of crusting (Ic), contents of water-stable macro- (WSA<sub>ma</sub>) and micro-aggregates (WSA<sub>mi</sub>). Ic was correlated with organic matter content in all combinations of treatments. Surprisingly, humus quality did not interact with soil management practices to affect soil structure parameters. Higher sums of base cations, CEC and base saturation (Bs) were linked to higher Sw values, however higher values of hydrolytic acidity (Ha) resulted in lower aggregate stability in CT treatments. Higher content of K<sup>+</sup> was responsible for higher values of MWD<sub>WSA </sub>and MWD in CT. In MT, contents of Ca<sup>2+</sup>, Mg<sup>2+ </sup>and Na<sup>+</sup> were significantly correlated with contents of WSA<sub>mi </sub>and WSA<sub>ma</sub>. Higher contents of Na<sup>+</sup> negatively affected St values and positive correlations were detected between Ca<sup>2+</sup>, Mg<sup>2+ </sup>and Na<sup>+</sup> and Ic in NPK treatments.

scholarly journals Carbon fractions and soil fertility affected by tillage and sugarcane residue management an Xanthic Udult

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 2921 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iara Maria Lopes ◽  
Shirlei Almeida Assunção ◽  
Ana Paula Pessim de Oliveira ◽  
Lúcia Helena Cunha dos Anjos ◽  
Marcos Gervasio Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Residue Management ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Gradual Change ◽  
Carbon Fractions

The gradual change in management practices in sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) production from burning straw to a green harvesting system, as well as the use of minimum soil tillage during field renovation, may affect soil fertility and soil organic matter (SOM) contents. The objectives of this work were to investigate the influence of sugar cane production systems on: (1) soil fertility parameters; (2) on physical carbon fractions; (3) and on humic substance fractions, in a long-term experiment, comparing two soil tillage and two residue management systems an Xanthic Udult, in the coastal tableland region of Espírito Santo State, Brazil. The treatments consisted of plots (conventional tillage (CT) or minimum tillage (MT)) and subplots (residue burned or unburned at harvesting), with five replicates The highest values of Ca2+ + Mg2+ and total organic carbon (TOC) were observed in the MT system in all soil layers, while high values of K+ were observed in the 0.1-0.2 m layer. The CT associated with the burned residue management negatively influenced the TOC values, especially in the 0.1-0.2 and 0.2-0.4 m layers. The carbon in the humin fraction and organic matter associated with minerals were significantly different among the tillage systems; the MT showed higher values than the CT. However, there were no significant differences between the sugarcane residue management treatments. Overall, fractioning the SOM allowed for a better understanding of tillage and residue management systems effects on the soil properties.

scholarly journals Changes in Soil Organic Matter Parameters during the Period of 18 Years Under Different Soil Management Practices

2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 149-154
Author(s):  
Vladimír Šimanský
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Fulvic Acids ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Average Speed

Abstract Quantity and quality of soil organic matter (SOM) is very important from view point of sustainable agriculture; therefore, during the years 1994–2011, the influence of different soil management practices on changes in SOM parameters in loamy Haplic Luvisol was evaluated in a field experiment in the locality of Dolná Malanta. The field experiment included two types of soil tillage – (1) conventional tillage (CT) and (2) reduced tillage (RT) – and also two treatments of fertilisation – (1) crop residues together with added NPK (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium) fertilisers (CR + NPK) and (2) added NPK fertilisers. Contents of humic substances (HS) and fulvic acids (FA) under RT increased by 1.6% and 4.4%, respectively, compared to CT during the years 1994–2011. On the other hand, contents of humic acids (HA), HA-to-FA ratios, colour quotient of HS and colour quotient of HA under CT increased by 2.0%, 2.5%, 1.8% and 2.3%, respectively, compared to RT. In CT and RT, HS declined at an average speed of 0.33% and 0.53% per year, respectively. In CR + NPK treatments and application, only NPK fertiliser caused a decline of HS at an average speed of 0.52% and 0.33 % per year, respectively. In CT, RT and CR + NPK treatments, the linear trends (statistical significant) in decline of FA were observed. All in all, the CT had a slightly better effect on the quality of SOM, whilst the stability of SOM was improved by RT. Applications of mineral fertilisers along with crop residues resulted in better quality but lower stability of SOM.

scholarly journals Effects of Rate and Time of Application of Poultry Litter on Hoplolaimus columbus on Cotton

Plant Disease ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 87 (10) ◽  
pp. 1244-1249 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. R. Koenning ◽  
K. L. Edmisten ◽  
K. R. Barker ◽  
D. T. Bowman ◽  
D. E. Morrison
Keyword(s):  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Poultry Litter ◽  
Lint Yield ◽  
Cotton Yield ◽  
Cotton Lint ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Cotton Lint Yield ◽  
Hoplolaimus Columbus

Field experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of soil-incorporated poultry litter on the population dynamics of Hoplolaimus columbus and cotton lint yield. Rates of poultry litter applied varied from 0.0 to 27.0 t/ha and were applied in December, February, or March. Time of application did not influence population densities of this nematode or cotton yield. The rate of poultry litter applied was negatively related to the population density of H. columbus at midseason, but not at other sampling dates. The lower midseason levels of this nematode corresponded with increases in cotton lint yield in all experiments. Cotton yield increases generally were linear with respect to the rate of litter applied, although the highest rates of litter applied did not always result in the greatest cotton yield. Poultry litter can be used effectively to supply nutrients to the crop and suppress damaging levels of H. columbus. Optimal rates of litter application were from 6.0 to 13.4 t/ha. Application of poultry litter at these rates, however, may exceed nutrient levels required for best management practices.

Effects of Natural Organic Matter on Heavy Metal Transport during Infiltration

1996 ◽  
Vol 1523 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-172
Author(s):  
Ronan V. Igloria ◽  
Wade E. Hathhorn ◽  
David R. Yonge
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Natural Organic Matter ◽  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Soil Column ◽  
Highway Runoff ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
High Concentrations

Washington State, like many others, has begun a program to dispose of highway runoff in which a priority has been given to the use of infiltration technologies (e.g., infiltration basins, dry wells, etc.). Heavy metals are of particular interest, because they are the most prevalent priority pollutant in highway runoff. Though traditionally these heavy metals are thought to possess relatively large retardation factors within the subsurface, previous studies have indicated a possibility of their transport being facilitated through complexation with natural organic matter (NOM). If ignored, this form of transport may pose serious errors in the prediction of metal breakthrough times and mass loadings to underlying groundwaters. In addressing this issue, large-scale soil columns are tested under loading conditions similar to actual infiltration best management practices to assess the performance of these facilities in removing heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn) from infiltrating water. Experiments were performed investigating the effects of high and low concentrations of NOM on metals attenuation by field soils. Results show that high concentrations of NOM actually improved soil column attenuation of the metals.

scholarly journals Erosividade da chuva no município de Juramento-MG no período de 1987 a 2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 1852-1860
Author(s):  
José Ângeles Moreira de Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Soil Conservation ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Historical Data ◽  
Water Erosion ◽  
Rainfall Erosivity ◽  
Best Management

The knowledge of the ability of erosion of rainfall in a given region, allows a better orientation for the adoption of best management practices and soil conservation, always aiming to reduce the impacts of water erosion. Thus, the objective of this study was to calculate the rate of rainfall erosivity (R) by the index EI30, aiming at a better planning for decision-making in the agricultural sector. For the performing of the work was used a series of historical data between the years of 1987 to 2019, relating to the precipitation in the municipality of Juramento-MG. The municipality of Juramento - MG it is classified as having moderate to strong erosivity with an erosivity factor (R) of 7.216,0 MJ mm ha-1 h-1. The higher erosivity indexes were found in the months of december 7.912,8 MJ mm ha-1 h-1 and january 10.289,2 MJ mm ha-1 h-1, coinciding with the wettest months 614,1 and 614,5 mm, respectively, and the months of july and august showed the lowest rates of rainfall erosivity 4,9 MJ mm ha-1 h-1 and 8,0 MJ mm ha-1 h-1, respectively, these being the months of lower rainfall 2,1 mm and 3,0 mm.

scholarly journals Improving Silvofishery Management Through Seedling Growth – Environment Quality Dynamic Relation Analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 545
Author(s):  
Endah Dwi Hastuti ◽  
Rini Budi Hastuti
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Observation Interval ◽  
Diameter Growth ◽  
Ecological Studies ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Growth Environment

<p>Mangrove plants are sensitive to environment condition. This research aimed to analyze the linkages of mangrove growth and environment dynamics and to estimate the growth of mangrove along with the environment dynamics. The research was conducted through the field experiment by the plantation of A. marina in silvofishery pond canals. Data collection was conducted for 18 months with 3 months observation interval. The environment variables observed including temperature, salinity, turbidity, pH, dissolved oxygen, TSS, sediment organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorus, and the growth of mangrove seedling. Analysis was conducted through regression and modelling with Powersim software. The result showed that the height growth was affected by dissolved oxygen, temperature, salinity, turbidity and pH, while the diameter growth was affected by TSS concentration. Inversely, the growth of mangrove also had a significant effect on temperature, change of organic matter and nutrient sediment concentration. Simulation showed that the height and diameter growth rates of A. marina seedling were dynamically changed among periods. Simulated seedling growth for one year forecast resulted in the rate of 0.115024 to 0.282294 cm/day for height and 0.001287 to 0.006031 cm/day for diameter. The simulation also indicated the continuous accumulation of organic matter and nitrogen over time. This research concluded that under limited environment dynamic, the growth of mangrove could be estimated. This model is a novelty in ecological studies. This research might initiates the more advanced ecological studies. Systematic estimation of ecosystem behaviour could be applied to formulate the best management practices, particularly in the silvofishery activities.</p>

scholarly journals Tropical agriculture and global warming: impacts and mitigation options

2007 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Eduardo P. Cerri ◽  
Gerd Sparovek ◽  
Martial Bernoux ◽  
Willian E. Easterling ◽  
Jerry M. Melillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Soil Sustainability

The intensive land use invariably has several negative effects on the environment and crop production if conservative practices are not adopted. Reduction in soil organic matter (SOM) quantity means gas emission (mainly CO2, CH4, N2O) to the atmosphere and increased global warming. Soil sustainability is also affected, since remaining SOM quality changes. Alterations can be verified, for example, by soil desegregation and changes in structure. The consequences are erosion, reduction in nutrient availability for the plants and lower water retention capacity. These and other factors reflect negatively on crop productivity and sustainability of the soil-plant-atmosphere system. Conversely, adoption of "best management practices", such as conservation tillage, can partly reverse the process - they are aimed at increasing the input of organic matter to the soil and/or decreasing the rates at which soil organic matter decomposes.

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