scholarly journals Coronavirus Pandemic: Emergence, Transmission, Preventive Measures and Management

1970 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-49
Author(s):  
Mahaveer Prasad Khinchi ◽  
Mohd. Shahid Khan ◽  
Simranjeet Singh Saluja
Keyword(s):  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Chronic Respiratory Disease ◽  
World Health ◽  
Medical Problems ◽  
Public Places ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Spread Of Infection ◽  
Meat Market

Coronavirus is found in animals and, rarely, can be transmitted from animals to humans and then spread person to person. An occurrence of the coronavirus infection (COVID-19) in China is causing global concern. It came from a seafood and meat market in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. It has since spread to many countries around the world including India. World Health Organization (WHO) declared novel coronavirus eruption a “pandemic” on March 11th, 2020. Patients infected with the COVID-19 virus will experience mild to moderate respiratory illness. Older people and those with underlying medical problems like cardiovascular disease, diabetes, chronic respiratory disease, and cancer are more likely to develop serious illness. Prevent spread of infection by washing hands or using an alcohol based rub frequently and not touching face. This virus transmits primarily through droplets of saliva or discharge from the nose when adiseased person coughs or sneezes, so it’s important to cover face by mask and coughing into a flexed elbow at public places. Currently there are no specific vaccines or treatments for COVID-19. In this review, we summarize recent information about the emergence, tansmission, preventive measures and therapeutic options available now.    

scholarly journals Why there are and will be less deaths in India due to COVID-19: an insight

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 3301
Author(s):  
Chincholikar Sanjeev Vasantrao
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Chronic Respiratory Disease ◽  
World Health ◽  
Special Treatment ◽  
Medical Problems ◽  
Health Organization

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by a newly discovered coronavirus. Most people infected with the COVID-19 virus will experience mild to moderate respiratory illness and recover without requiring special treatment. It has been declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization which exhibited human-to-human transmissibility and spread rapidly across countries. Older people, and those with underlying medical problems like cardiovascular disease, diabetes, chronic respiratory disease, and cancer are more likely to develop serious illness. Climate, with temperature, humidity, Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccination, immune status of persons, elderly people, uncontrolled co morbid conditions like heart diseases, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, kidney diseases seems to play an important role in spread and severity of corona virus infection. As reported from MOHFW website, the COVID-19 deaths are more in above 60 years of age with comorbidities cardiovascular disease, diabetes, chronic respiratory disease, and cancer.

scholarly journals An evidence-based systematic review on emerging therapeutic and preventive strategies to treat novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) during an outbreak scenario

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anupama M. Gudadappanavar ◽  
Jyoti Benni
Keyword(s):  
Antiviral Drug ◽  
Drug Repurposing ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
World Health ◽  
Recombinant Vaccines ◽  
Subunit Vaccines ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Full Length Genome

AbstractA novel coronavirus infection coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) emerged from Wuhan, Hubei Province of China, in December 2019 caused by SARS-CoV-2 is believed to be originated from bats in the local wet markets. Later, animal to human and human-to-human transmission of the virus began and resulting in widespread respiratory illness worldwide to around more than 180 countries. The World Health Organization declared this disease as a pandemic in March 2020. There is no clinically approved antiviral drug or vaccine available to be used against COVID-19. Nevertheless, few broad-spectrum antiviral drugs have been studied against COVID-19 in clinical trials with clinical recovery. In the current review, we summarize the morphology and pathogenesis of COVID-19 infection. A strong rational groundwork was made keeping the focus on current development of therapeutic agents and vaccines for SARS-CoV-2. Among the proposed therapeutic regimen, hydroxychloroquine, chloroquine, remdisevir, azithromycin, toclizumab and cromostat mesylate have shown promising results, and limited benefit was seen with lopinavir–ritonavir treatment in hospitalized adult patients with severe COVID-19. Early development of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine started based on the full-length genome analysis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus. Several subunit vaccines, peptides, nucleic acids, plant-derived, recombinant vaccines are under pipeline. This article concludes and highlights ongoing advances in drug repurposing, therapeutics and vaccines to counter COVID-19, which collectively could enable efforts to halt the pandemic virus infection.

scholarly journals The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS CoV-2) in Dentistry. Management of Biological Risk in Dental Practice

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 3067 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Lo Giudice
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
World Health ◽  
Dental Practice ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Specific Protocol ◽  
Route Of Transmission ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Spread Of Infection

The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a novel coronavirus first identified in Wuhan, China, and the etiological agent of Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19). This infection spreads mainly through direct contact with Flügge micro droplets or core droplets that remain suspended as aerosol. Moreover, it has been reported that infected subjects, both with and without clinical signs of COVID-19, can transmit the virus. Since the infection typically enters through mouth, nose, and eyes, dentistry is one of the medical practices at highest risk of infection due to the frequent production of aerosol and the constant presence of saliva. The World Health Organization (WHO) has suggested that only emergency/urgent procedures should be performed during the coronavirus outbreak. Considering the virus’ route of transmission, a specific protocol should be applied to reduce the risk of infection in addition to measures that prevent the spread of infection from a patient to another person or medical tools and equipment (cross-infection). This protocol should be implemented by modifying both patient management and clinical practice, introducing particular devices and organizational practices. This paper aims to discuss and suggest the most appropriate procedures in every aspect of dental practice to reduce infection risk.

scholarly journals A review of studies on the COVID-19 epidemic crisis disease with a preventive approach

Work ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 717-729 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Feiz Arefi ◽  
Mohsen Poursadeqiyan
Keyword(s):  
Social Distance ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
World Health ◽  
Definitive Treatment ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Public Places ◽  
Preventive Vaccine ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Presence Of People

BACKGROUND: COVID-19 is a highly contagious acute respiratory syndrome and has been declared a pandemic in more than 209 countries worldwide. At the time of writing, no preventive vaccine has been developed and tested in the community. This study was conducted to review studies aimed at preventing the spread of the coronavirus worldwide. METHODS: This study was a review of the evidence-based literature and was conducted by searching databases, including Google Scholar, PubMed, and ScienceDirect, until April 2020. The search was performed based on keywords including “coronavirus”, “COVID-19”, and “prevention”. The list of references in the final studies has also been re-reviewed to find articles that might not have been obtained through the search. The guidelines published by trustworthy organizations such as the World Health Organization and Center for Disease Control have been used in this study. CONCLUSION: So far, no vaccine or definitive treatment for COVID-19 has been invented, and the disease has become a pandemic. Therefore, observation of hand hygiene, disinfection of high-touch surfaces, observation of social distance, and lack of presence in public places are recommended as preventive measures. Moreover, to control the situation and to reduce the incidence of the virus, some of the measures taken by the decision-making bodies and the guidelines of the deterrent institutions to strengthen telecommuting of employees and reduce the presence of people in the community and prevent unnecessary activities, are very important.

scholarly journals Combating the Coronavirus Pandemic: Early Detection, Medical Treatment, and a Concerted Effort by the Global Community

Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zichao Luo ◽  
Melgious Jin Yan Ang ◽  
Siew Yin Chan ◽  
Zhigao Yi ◽  
Yi Yiing Goh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
World Health ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Sudden Loss ◽  
Difficulty Breathing ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization

The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared the outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus, known as 2019-nCoV, a pandemic, as the coronavirus has now infected over 2.6 million people globally and caused more than 185,000 fatalities as of April 23, 2020. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) causes a respiratory illness with symptoms such as dry cough, fever, sudden loss of smell, and, in more severe cases, difficulty breathing. To date, there is no specific vaccine or treatment proven effective against this viral disease. Early and accurate diagnosis of COVID-19 is thus critical to curbing its spread and improving health outcomes. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is commonly used to detect the presence of COVID-19. Other techniques, such as recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA), loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR), and microfluidics, have allowed better disease diagnosis. Here, as part of the effort to expand screening capacity, we review advances and challenges in the rapid detection of COVID-19 by targeting nucleic acids, antigens, or antibodies. We also summarize potential treatments and vaccines against COVID-19 and discuss ongoing clinical trials of interventions to reduce viral progression.

COVID-19 Facets: Pandemics, Curse and Humanity

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 385-390
Author(s):  
Dushyant Bawiskar ◽  
Pratik Phansopkar ◽  
Ayurva Vilas Gotmare
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
World Health ◽  
Bacillus Calmette Guerin ◽  
Medical Problems ◽  
Variable Effect ◽  
Social Distress ◽  
The World ◽  
Entire World ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization

We are in the middle of an unprecedented pandemic named COVID-19 by the World Health Organization (WHO) which is caused by a novel coronavirus. The novelty of the virus and its disease is so new that the entire world is experiencing its consequences on various aspects. The pandemic is still unfolding and creating some new patterns around us. Besides the buzzword, that is, the vaccine is far from our sight. So naturally, we have to look for existing solutions if they can be implemented until the vaccine arrives. From Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) to Bacillus Calmette Guèrin (BCG) all are being used in trials whether they can be pre-vaccine medicine or not. The variable effect on individual sections of the population has to be studied to deliver a targeted response, especially in resource lacking countries. In addition to these medical problems like social distress and quarantine measures which are taking a toll on people's minds, another unwarranted problem of Infodemic has struck us. So, this paper will review the ongoing steps and challenges and how we can efficiently respond to them to conquer this pandemic.

Global Pandemic of a Century: A Review on the Coronavirus (COVID-19)

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 17-26
Author(s):  
Jitendra Mehta ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Rna Virus ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Chronic Respiratory Disease ◽  
World Health ◽  
Director General ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) emerged in December 2019 in Wuhan, the capital of Hubei province, China. While the outbreak in China is almost over, this highly contagious disease is currently spreading across the world with a daily increase in the number of affected countries, confirmed cases, and infection-related deaths. In January, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared that the outbreak of COVID-19 constituted a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC). Based on the high levels of global spread and the severity of COVID-19, on 11 March 2020, the Director-General of the WHO declared the COVID-19 outbreak a pandemic. COVID-19 is an acute respiratory disease caused by a newly emerged zoonotic coronavirus. A positive-sense enveloped single-stranded RNA virus, named Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), has been isolated from a patient with pneumonia and connected to the cluster of acute respiratory illness cases from Wuhan. The virus is transmitted from human to human via droplets coughed or exhaled by infected persons and by touching droplet-contaminated surfaces or objects and then touching the eyes, nose, or mouth. Population groups that have been more frequently reported as having severe disease and a higher mortality rate include people aged over 60 years, males, people with underlying conditions such as hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, chronic respiratory disease, and cancer. Current estimates suggest a median incubation period of five to six days for COVID-19, with a range of one to 14 days. Disease-specific pharmaceuticals and vaccines are still under research and development. The therapeutic use of convalescent plasma donated by patients recovered from COVID-19 might play a role in the efforts to find a possible treatment for COVID-19. Keywords: Coronavirus, COVID-19, WHO, SARS-Cov-2, Zoonotic.

scholarly journals TO STUDY THE CLINICAL PROFILE OF SUSPECTED CASES OF COVID 19 PRESENTED TO EMERGENCY IN TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL.

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Rajvi Dave ◽  
Bhavesh Jarwani ◽  
Sanket Nandani ◽  
Tirth Patel
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
World Health ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Spread Of Infection

BACKGROUND : Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID 19) is an illness which is associated with the novel coronavirus known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV -2).On December 2019, Wuhan City in China, became the epicenter of this pandemic. On March 17 2020 Ahmedabad reported its first positive case. On January 2020, Chinese scientists identified this as a novel coronavirus, temporarily labelled as, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) [1]. Its name was then changed to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) by the World Health Organization in February 2020 as the disease spread worldwide [2]. COVID 19 pandemic has posed a huge threat to global public health .The clinical features of COVID-19 are very diverse, ranging from asymptomatic state to acute respiratory distress syndrome and multi organ dysfunction. The common clinical features include fever, cough, sore throat, headache, fatigue, headache, myalgia and breathlessness. Emergency workers carry a huge responsibility in this pandemic. We have to provide early triage and management of patients with suspected or confirmed infection in which inflammatory markers play an important role. More importantly we have to try to prevent the spread of infection and also be prepared to tackle such large footfalls in ED

scholarly journals COVID–19: Guidance Outlines on Infection Prevention and Control for Health Care Workers

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-14
Author(s):  
Suresh Kumar Sharma ◽  
Shiv Mudgal ◽  
Prasan Panda ◽  
Pratima Gupta ◽  
Pradeep Aggarwal
Keyword(s):  
Severe Disease ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
World Health ◽  
Infection Prevention And Control ◽  
The People ◽  
Moderate Disease ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
And Control

Coronavirus are a common family of viruses and there are seven different types of coronaviruses including this new member of coronavirus i.e. 2019 novel coronavirus, which can make the people infected and sick. Some strains of this family of virus cause mild to moderate disease symptoms like common cold while other strains cause very severe disease like Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS).(1,2) In late December, in Wuhan Hubei Province, China a number of people suffered with severe respiratory illness including a cluster of pneumonia cases. On 31 December 2019, China notified the World Health Organization (WHO) about cluster of patient with symptoms of respiratory illness of unknown cause, which were connected to an open seafood and animal market of Wuhan city, China.(3)

scholarly journals Outbreak of strains of SARS CoV-2, its prevalence & preventive measures taken by different Countries

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manoj Kumar Yadav ◽  
Arpana Vibhuti ◽  
Anjali Priyadarshini ◽  
Archana Gupta ◽  
V. Samuel Raj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health It ◽  
Preventative Intervention ◽  
Rapid Spread ◽  
Social Gathering ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization

World Health Organization (WHO) announced the official name of the 2019 novel coronavirus associated diseases coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and the reference name for the virus is severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).Transmission of SARS CoV-2 in humans occurs mainly via respiratory droplet or aerosols, close contact with an infected person, exposed to coughing, sneezing and likely in oral-faecal. The COVID-19 outbreak started in different countries at different times, and now those countries are at different stages. By comparing infection trajectories from the 100th case mark, we have been able to observe the rapid spread of the virus in various countries. To date, no specific antiviral drugs or vaccines are available for the control of SARS CoV-2. The experts at global level suggest implementation of strict measures such as practicing quarantine, social distancing, avoiding social gathering to reduce the number of COVID-19 cases. This is a dynamically unfolding pandemic that will require the concerted efforts of counties around the world to control. Given the unfold of the new coronavirus and its impacts on human health, it becomes pertinent to device methods for handling this public health emergency at the community, national, and international levels. it's vital to additional investigate a preventative intervention to halt the unfold of the COVID-19 infection, because it has been discovered that not all countries have constant fate concerning infection and fatality. It becomes vital to acknowledge and study the factors accountable and also the underlying mechanisms for this.

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