Computational Intelligence Estimation of Natural Background Ozone Level and its Distribution for Air Quality Modelling and Emission Control

Evaluation of Regional Emission Control Based in Photochemical Air Quality Modelling

Advanced Air Pollution ◽

10.5772/17536 ◽

2011 ◽

Author(s):

Angel Rodriguez ◽

Santiago Saavedra ◽

Maria Dios ◽

Carmen Torres ◽

Jose A. ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Air Quality ◽

Emission Control ◽

Air Quality Modelling

Download Full-text

Feature and Language Selection in Temporal Symbolic Regression for Interpretable Air Quality Modelling

Algorithms ◽

10.3390/a14030076 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (3) ◽

pp. 76

Author(s):

Estrella Lucena-Sánchez ◽

Guido Sciavicco ◽

Ionel Eduard Stan

Keyword(s):

Air Quality ◽

Fundamental Problem ◽

Multivariate Time Series ◽

Quality Data ◽

Data Sets ◽

Air Quality Modelling ◽

Regression Problem ◽

Car Traffic ◽

Pollutant Concentrations ◽

Language Selection

Air quality modelling that relates meteorological, car traffic, and pollution data is a fundamental problem, approached in several different ways in the recent literature. In particular, a set of such data sampled at a specific location and during a specific period of time can be seen as a multivariate time series, and modelling the values of the pollutant concentrations can be seen as a multivariate temporal regression problem. In this paper, we propose a new method for symbolic multivariate temporal regression, and we apply it to several data sets that contain real air quality data from the city of Wrocław (Poland). Our experiments show that our approach is superior to classical, especially symbolic, ones, both in statistical performances and the interpretability of the results.

Download Full-text

Sensitivity of air quality modelling to different emission inventories: a case study over Europe

Atmospheric Environment X ◽

10.1016/j.aeaoa.2021.100111 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 100111

Author(s):

Philippe Thunis ◽

Monica Crippa ◽

Cornelis Cuvelier ◽

Diego Guizzardi ◽

Alexander de Meij ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Air Quality ◽

Emission Inventories ◽

Air Quality Modelling

Download Full-text

Air quality improvement in a megacity: implications from 2015 Beijing Parade Blue pollution control actions

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics ◽

10.5194/acp-17-31-2017 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 31-46 ◽

Cited By ~ 41

Author(s):

Wen Xu ◽

Wei Song ◽

Yangyang Zhang ◽

Xuejun Liu ◽

Lin Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quality Improvement ◽

Air Quality ◽

Control Period ◽

Emission Control ◽

Monitoring Network ◽

Control Measures ◽

Integrated Analysis ◽

Air Quality Improvement ◽

Emission Control Measures ◽

Control Regions

Abstract. The implementation of strict emission control measures in Beijing and surrounding regions during the 2015 China Victory Day Parade provided a valuable opportunity to investigate related air quality improvements in a megacity. We measured NH3, NO2 and PM2.5 at multiple sites in and outside Beijing and summarized concentrations of PM2.5, PM10, NO2, SO2 and CO in 291 cities across China from a national urban air quality monitoring network between August and September 2015. Consistently significant reductions of 12–35 % for NH3 and 33–59 % for NO2 in different areas of Beijing during the emission control period (referred to as the Parade Blue period) were observed compared with measurements in the pre- and post-Parade Blue periods without emission controls. Average NH3 and NO2 concentrations at sites near traffic were strongly correlated and showed positive and significant responses to traffic reduction measures, suggesting that traffic is an important source of both NH3 and NOx in urban Beijing. Daily concentrations of PM2.5 and secondary inorganic aerosol (sulfate, ammonium and nitrate) at the urban and rural sites both decreased during the Parade Blue period. During (after) the emission control period, concentrations of PM2.5, PM10, NO2, SO2 and CO from the national city-monitoring network showed the largest decrease (increase) of 34–72 % (50–214 %) in Beijing, a smaller decrease (a moderate increase) of 1–32 % (16–44 %) in emission control regions outside Beijing and an increase (decrease) of 6–16 % (−2–7 %) in non-emission-control regions of China. Integrated analysis of modelling and monitoring results demonstrated that emission control measures made a major contribution to air quality improvement in Beijing compared with a minor contribution from favourable meteorological conditions during the Parade Blue period. These results show that controls of secondary aerosol precursors (NH3, SO2 and NOx) locally and regionally are key to curbing air pollution in Beijing and probably in other mega cities worldwide.

Download Full-text

TNO-MACC_II emission inventory; a multi-year (2003–2009) consistent high-resolution European emission inventory for air quality modelling

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics ◽

10.5194/acp-14-10963-2014 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 14 (20) ◽

pp. 10963-10976 ◽

Cited By ~ 200

Author(s):

J. J. P. Kuenen ◽

A. J. H. Visschedijk ◽

M. Jozwicka ◽

H. A. C. Denier van der Gon

Keyword(s):

Particulate Matter ◽

Air Quality ◽

High Resolution ◽

Emission Inventory ◽

Point Sources ◽

Air Quality Modelling ◽

Emission Data ◽

Data Set ◽

Spatially Distributed ◽

Reported Data

Abstract. Emissions to air are reported by countries to EMEP. The emissions data are used for country compliance checking with EU emission ceilings and associated emission reductions. The emissions data are also necessary as input for air quality modelling. The quality of these "official" emissions varies across Europe. As alternative to these official emissions, a spatially explicit high-resolution emission inventory (7 × 7 km) for UNECE-Europe for all years between 2003 and 2009 for the main air pollutants was made. The primary goal was to supply air quality modellers with the input they need. The inventory was constructed by using the reported emission national totals by sector where the quality is sufficient. The reported data were analysed by sector in detail, and completed with alternative emission estimates as needed. This resulted in a complete emission inventory for all countries. For particulate matter, for each source emissions have been split in coarse and fine particulate matter, and further disaggregated to EC, OC, SO4, Na and other minerals using fractions based on the literature. Doing this at the most detailed sectoral level in the database implies that a consistent set was obtained across Europe. This allows better comparisons with observational data which can, through feedback, help to further identify uncertain sources and/or support emission inventory improvements for this highly uncertain pollutant. The resulting emission data set was spatially distributed consistently across all countries by using proxy parameters. Point sources were spatially distributed using the specific location of the point source. The spatial distribution for the point sources was made year-specific. The TNO-MACC_II is an update of the TNO-MACC emission data set. Major updates included the time extension towards 2009, use of the latest available reported data (including updates and corrections made until early 2012) and updates in distribution maps.

Download Full-text

Influence of different complexity levels of road traffic models on air quality modelling at street scale

Air Quality Atmosphere & Health ◽

10.1007/s11869-018-0621-1 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (10) ◽

pp. 1217-1232 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Bruno Vicente ◽

Sandra Rafael ◽

Vera Rodrigues ◽

Hélder Relvas ◽

Mariana Vilaça ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Air Quality ◽

Road Traffic ◽

Air Quality Modelling ◽

Traffic Models

Download Full-text

Evaluating Vehicle Emission Control Policies using on-Road Mobile Measurements and Continuous Wavelet Transform: a Case Study during the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Forum, China 2014

10.5194/acp-2016-460 ◽

2016 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ziqiang Tan ◽

Yanwen Wang ◽

Chunxiang Ye ◽

Yi Zhu ◽

Yingruo Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wavelet Transform ◽

Air Quality ◽

Continuous Wavelet Transform ◽

Vehicle Emissions ◽

Emission Control ◽

Control Policy ◽

Asia Pacific ◽

Vehicle Emission ◽

Continuous Wavelet ◽

Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation

Abstract. Vehicle emissions are major sources of atmospheric pollutants in urban areas, especially in megacities around the world. Various vehicle emission control policies have been implemented to improve air quality. However, the effectiveness of these policies is unclear, due to a lack of systematic evaluation and sound methodologies. During the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Forum, China 2014, the Chinese government implemented the strictest vehicle emission control policy in the country's history, which provided an opportunity to evaluate its effectiveness, based on our recently developed method. To evaluate the vehicle emission reduction, we used a mobile research platform to measure the main air pollutants (PM2.5, black carbon (BC), SO2, CO, NOx and O3) on the 4th ring road of the city of Beijing, combined with a continuous wavelet transform method (CWT) to separate out "instantaneous emissions" by passing vehicles. The results suggested that our measurements captured the spatial distribution and variation of atmospheric pollutant concentrations on the 4th ring road. The "instantaneous concentration" decomposed by the CWT method represents on-road emissions better than other methods reported in the literature. With this method, we found that the daytime vehicle emission of CO and NOx decreased by 28.1 and 16.3 %, respectively, during the APEC period relative to the period before APEC, and by 39.3 and 38.5 %, respectively, relative to the period after APEC. The nighttime vehicle emissions of CO and NOx decreased by 56.0 and 60.7 %, respectively, during the APEC period relative to the period after APEC. Because vehicle emissions of NOx and CO contribute considerably to the total emissions of these pollutants in Beijing, the vehicle emission control policy implementation was extremely successful in controlling air quality during APEC 2014, China.

Download Full-text

Air Quality Improvement in a Megacity: Implications from 2015 Beijing Parade Blue Pollution-Control Actions

10.5194/acp-2016-591 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Wen Xu ◽

Wei Song ◽

Yangyang Zhang ◽

Xuejun Liu ◽

Lin Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quality Improvement ◽

Air Quality ◽

Control Period ◽

Emission Control ◽

Monitoring Network ◽

Control Measures ◽

Integrated Analysis ◽

Beijing City ◽

Air Quality Improvement ◽

Emission Control Measures

Abstract. The implementation of strict emission control measures in Beijing and surrounding regions during the 2015 China Victory Day Parade provided a valuable opportunity to investigate related air quality improvements in a megacity. We measured NH3, NO2 and PM2.5 at multiple sites in and outside Beijing and summarized concentrations of PM2.5, PM10, NO2, SO2 and CO in 291 cities across China from a national urban air quality monitoring network between August and September 2015. Consistently significant reductions of 12–35 % for NH3 and 33–59 % for NO2 in different areas of Beijing city during the emission control period (referred to as the Parade Blue period) were observed compared with measurements in the pre- and post-Parade Blue periods without emission controls. Average NH3 and NO2 concentrations at sites near traffic were strongly correlated and showed positive and significant responses to traffic reduction measures, suggesting that traffic is an important source of both NH3 and NOx in urban Beijing. Daily concentrations of PM2.5 and secondary inorganic aerosol (sulfate, ammonium, and nitrate) at the urban and rural sites both decreased during the Parade Blue period. Concentrations of PM2.5, PM10, NO2, SO2 and CO from the national city-monitoring network showed the largest decrease (34–72 %) in Beijing, a smaller decrease (1–32 %) in North China (excluding Beijing), and an increase (6–16 %) in other regions of China during the emission control period. Integrated analysis of modeling and monitoring results demonstrated that emission control measures made a major contribution to air quality improvement in Beijing compared with a minor contribution from favorable meteorological conditions during the Parade Blue period. These results show that controls of secondary aerosol precursors (NH3, SO2 and NOx) locally and regionally are key to curbing air pollution in Beijing and probably in other mega cities worldwide.

Download Full-text

Aerosols in the CALIOPE air quality modelling system: validation and analysis of PM levels, optical depths and chemical composition over Europe

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions ◽

10.5194/acpd-11-20575-2011 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. 20575-20629

Author(s):

S. Basart ◽

M. T. Pay ◽

O. Jorba ◽

C. Pérez ◽

P. Jiménez-Guerrero ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Air Quality ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Air Quality Modelling ◽

Po Valley ◽

Aerosol Mass ◽

Forecasting System ◽

Bulk Parameters ◽

Quality Threshold ◽

Daily Pm10 ◽

Modelling System

Abstract. The CALIOPE high-resolution air quality modelling system is developed and applied to Europe (12 km × 12 km, 1 h). The modelled daily to seasonal aerosol variability over Europe in 2004 have been evaluated and analysed. The aerosols are estimated from two models, CMAQv4.5 (AERO4) and BSC-DREAM8b. CMAQv4.5 calculates biogenic, anthropogenic and sea salt aerosol and BSC-DREAM8b provides the natural mineral dust contribution from North African deserts. For the evaluation, we use daily PM10/PM2.5 and chemical composition data from 54 stations of the EMEP/CREATE network and coarse and fine aerosol optical depth (AOD) data from 35 stations of the AERONET sun photometer network. The model achieves daily PM10 and PM2.5 correlations of 0.57 and 0.47, respectively, and total, coarse and fine AOD correlations of 0.51, 0.63, and 0.53, respectively. The higher correlations of the PM10 and the coarse mode AOD are largely due to the accurate representation of the African dust influence in the forecasting system. Overall PM and AOD levels are underestimated. The evaluation of the chemical composition highlights underestimations of the modelled fine fractions particularly for carbonaceous matter (EC and OC) and secondary inorganic aerosols (SIA; i.e. nitrates, sulphates and ammonium). The scores of the bulk parameters are significantly improved after applying a simple model bias correction based on the chemical composition observations. SIA are dominant in the fine fractions representing up to 80 % of the aerosol budget in latitudes beyond 40° N. The highest aerosol concentrations are found over the industrialized and populated areas of the Po Valley and the Benelux regions. High values in southern Europe are linked to the transport of coarse particles from the Sahara desert which contributes up to 40 % of the total aerosol mass. Close to the surface, maxima dust seasonal concentrations (>30 μg m–3) are found between spring and early autumn. We estimate that desert dust causes daily exceedances of the PM10 European air quality threshold (50 μg m–3) in large areas south of 45° N reaching up to more than 75 days per year in the southernmost regions.

Download Full-text