scholarly journals Modeling Construction Safety as an Agent-Based Emergent Phenomenon

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sivakumar Palaniappan ◽  
Anil Sawhney ◽  
Marco A. Janssen ◽  
Kenneth D. Walsh
Keyword(s):  
Construction Safety ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Emergent Phenomenon

Aggregation in agent-based models of economies

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott E. Page
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Points ◽  
Network Structure ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Macro Level ◽  
Agent Based Models ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Emergent Phenomenon ◽  
Learning Rules ◽  
Equilibrium Approach ◽  
Micro Level

AbstractAgent-based models are often described as bottom-up because macro-level phenomena emerge from the micro-level interactions of agents. These macro-level phenomena include fixed points, cycles, dynamic patterns, and long transients. In this paper, I explore the link between micro-level characteristics—learning rules, diversity, network structure, and externalities—and the macro-level patterns they produce. I focus on why we need agent-level modeling, on how these models produce emergent phenomenon, and on how agent-based models help understand outcomes of social systems in a way that differs from the analytic, equilibrium approach.

scholarly journals UNDERSTANDING THE EFFECT OF CO-WORKER SUPPORT ON CONSTRUCTION SAFETY PERFORMANCE FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF RISK THEORY: AN AGENT-BASED MODELING APPROACH

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tingting Ji ◽  
Hsi-Hsien Wei ◽  
Jiayu Chen
Keyword(s):  
Construction Safety ◽  
Agent Based Modeling ◽  
Safety Performance ◽  
Worker Safety ◽  
Risk Theory ◽  
System Level ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Hazardous Area ◽  
Worker Support

Co-worker safety support has been given prominence in manufacturing and transportation field for its positive effect on individual workers’ safety; however, there is little evidence to show if such supporting role of co-workers is significant in improving project-level safety performance in construction workplace. This study adopts agent-based modeling (ABM) to understand the effectiveness of two distinct co-worker-safety-support actions on the safety performance of a construction project. Based on the risk theory, the ABM model simulates a construction site where worker agents reinforce steel bars with the likelihood of suffering crane-related incidents. The results indicate that both co-worker-support actions can significantly reduce the occurrence of nonfatal incidents but shows little influence in fatal incidents, and in reducing high-severity incidents, the action of warning peers to leave the hazardous area has the same effectiveness as reminding peers to wear Personal Protective Equipment. The present study provides a fresh insight into the safety-related role of co-workers: not only reveals how the local-level effects of co-workers’ safety assistance emerge the system-level consequences, but demonstrates the effectiveness of specific peer-support actions on three levels of construction safety performance, and thereby extends our existing body of knowledge on co-worker safety support in the construction field.

Total etch dentin bonding systems: scanning electron microscopy of the resin-dentin hybrid layer

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1092-1093
Author(s):  
Jorge Perdigao
Keyword(s):  
Composite Resin ◽  
Mechanical Interlocking ◽  
Hybrid Layer ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Dentin Bonding ◽  
Acid Agent ◽  
Bond Strengths ◽  
Main Component ◽  
Bonding Systems ◽  
New Generation

In 1955, Buonocore introduced the etching of enamel with phosphoric acid. Bonding to enamel was created by mechanical interlocking of resin tags with enamel prisms. Enamel is an inert tissue whose main component is hydroxyapatite (98% by weight). Conversely, dentin is a wet living tissue crossed by tubules containing cellular extensions of the dental pulp. Dentin consists of 18% of organic material, primarily collagen. Several generations of dentin bonding systems (DBS) have been studied in the last 20 years. The dentin bond strengths associated with these DBS have been constantly lower than the enamel bond strengths. Recently, a new generation of DBS has been described. They are applied in three steps: an acid agent on enamel and dentin (total etch technique), two mixed primers and a bonding agent based on a methacrylate resin. They are supposed to bond composite resin to wet dentin through dentin organic component, forming a peculiar blended structure that is part tooth and part resin: the hybrid layer.

Organizational assessment and development in construction safety and health

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantin Cigularov ◽  
Peter Y. Chen ◽  
David A. Hoffman ◽  
Donald Edward Eggerth
Keyword(s):  
Construction Safety ◽  
Organizational Assessment ◽  
Safety And Health
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