scholarly journals Ways of Reading, Models for Text, and the Usefulness of Dead People

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yin Liu
Keyword(s):  
Test Case ◽  
Textual Information ◽  
Reading And Writing ◽  
Alternative Models ◽  
Theories Of Reading ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Reading Models

The definition of text is still a live issue with important implications for emerging forms of digital textuality. This paper proposes that no single definition of text is sufficient to account for all manifestations of textuality. Medieval textuality is a test case: four different models for text are offered, corresponding to ways in which modern medievalists approach medieval texts. Studying medieval texts has value not only to support historically informed theories of reading and writing, but also to suggest alternative models of organizing, representing, and processing textual information.

Updating of Finite Element Models Based on a Double Condensation Procedure Using Frequency Response Functions Data

1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rémi Berriet ◽  
René Fillod ◽  
Noureddine Bouhaddi
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Response ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Noise Pollution ◽  
Test Case ◽  
Response Functions ◽  
Frequency Response Functions ◽  
Measured Frequency ◽  
Modal Damping ◽  
Applied Forces ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract In order to take into account information from test data, not only at the resonances, but also in the other parts of the measured frequency spectrum, it is of interest to use directly measured Frequency Response Functions (FRF) instead of modal data. We also avoid by this way an experimental modal analysis. In return we have to introduce damping terms into the analytical model, we have to weight the FRF data in a systematic manner and to compute simultaneously a large amount of data. The presented procedure analyses overall these three aspects: definition of modal damping parameters, definition of weighted FRF data and condensation of the problem. This last notion is particularly pointed out. The condensation is performed in two steps : a static condensation of the model on the degrees of freedom corresponding to the location of the sensors, and a simultaneous condensation of experimental and analytical FRF data by a common transformation matrix. The first applications are performed on a simulated test case with large stiffness, mass and modal damping perturbations introduced in the initial model as well as strong noise pollution of measured responses and applied forces.

Modellen en Metingen Van Taalvaardigheid

1998 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 169-178
Author(s):  
Kees de Glopper ◽  
Anne-Mieke Janssen-van Dieten
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Language Production ◽  
Written Language ◽  
Language Ability ◽  
General Definition ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Reading Models

This article contains a concise discussion of models and measurement of language ability. A general definition of the concept language ability is given, Subsequendy, psycholinguistic models of oral and written language production and comprehension are discussed. The nature and extent of individual differences in language ability are illustrated by means of a discussion of LI reading. Models of language ability are reviewed and areas in need of further research are identified. In conclusion, some tentative answers to pertinent questions on components, development and transfer of language ability are presented.

Test Case Selection: A Systematic Literature Review

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (04) ◽  
pp. 653-676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Everton Note Narciso ◽  
Márcio Eduardo Delamaro ◽  
Fátima De Lourdes Dos Santos Nunes
Keyword(s):  
Resource Constraints ◽  
Test Case ◽  
Test Cases ◽  
Random Testing ◽  
Test Case Selection ◽  
Test Strategies ◽  
Case Selection ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Leading Journals

Time and resource constraints should be taken into account in software testing activities, and thus optimizing the test suite is fundamental in the development process. In this context, the test case selection aims to eliminate redundant or unnecessary test data, which is crucial for the definition of test strategies. This paper presents a systematic review on the test case selection conducted through a selection of 449 articles published in leading journals and conferences in Computer Science. We addressed the state-of-art by collecting and comparing existing evidence on the methods used in the different software domains and the methods used to evaluate the test case selection. Our study identified 32 papers that met the research objectives, which featured 18 different selection methods and were evaluated through 71 case studies. The most commonly reported methods are adaptive random testing, genetic algorithms and greedy algorithm. Most approaches rely on heuristics, such as diversity of test cases and code or model coverage. This paper also discusses the key concepts and approaches, areas of application and evaluation metrics inherent to the methods of test case selection available in the literature.

scholarly journals Moving particle semi-implicit method with improved pressures stability properties

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 1268-1285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masoud Arami Fadafan ◽  
Masoud-Reza Hessami Kermani
Keyword(s):  
Free Surface ◽  
Kernel Functions ◽  
Original Form ◽  
Test Case ◽  
Mps Method ◽  
Time Flow ◽  
Dummy Particles ◽  
Moving Particle ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract Moving particle semi-implicit (MPS) method is one of the Lagrangian methods widely used in engineering issues. This method, however, suffers from unphysical oscillations in its original form. In the present study, a modified incompressible MPS method is proposed to suppress these oscillations and is used for simulating free surface problems. To demonstrate the stability of the presented method, different kernel functions are used in the case of numerical dam break modeling as a benchmark simulation. A simple form of definition of curved wall boundaries is suggested which eliminates dummy particles and subsequently saves CPU time. Flow over an ogee spillway is simulated for the first time with the I-MPS method and as a new test case which has several curved lines in its geometry. The comparisons between theoretical solutions/experimental data and simulation results in terms of free surface and pressure show the accuracy of the method.

Parametric definition of the influence of a paper in a citation network using communicability functions

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 623-640 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan A Pichardo-Corpus ◽  
J Guillermo Contreras ◽  
José A de la Peña
Keyword(s):  
Citation Network ◽  
Function Parameter ◽  
Test Case ◽  
Eigenvector Centrality ◽  
Pagerank Algorithm ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Number Of Citations ◽  
Intermediate Value ◽  
Flow Of Information ◽  
Communicability Function

Abstract Communicability functions quantify the flow of information between two nodes of a network. In this work, we use them to explore the concept of the influence of a paper in a citation network. These functions depend on a parameter. By varying the parameter in a continuous way we explore different definitions of influence. We study six citation networks, three from physics and three from computer science. As a benchmark, we compare our results against two frequently used measures: the number of citations of a paper and the PageRank algorithm. We show that the ranking of the articles in a network can be varied from being equivalent to the ranking obtained from the number of citations to a behaviour tending to the eigenvector centrality, these limits correspond to small and large values of the communicability-function parameter, respectively. At an intermediate value of the parameter a PageRank-like behaviour is recovered. As a test case, we apply communicability functions to two sets of articles, where at least one author of each paper was awarded a Nobel Prize for the research presented in the corresponding article.

Perspectives on Media Literacy, Digital Literacy and Information Literacy

2012 ◽  
pp. 28-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Fantin
Keyword(s):  
Media Literacy ◽  
Information Literacy ◽  
Digital Literacy ◽  
Cultural Landscape ◽  
Writing Skills ◽  
Media Education ◽  
Literacy Programs ◽  
Digital Culture ◽  
Reading And Writing ◽  
Definition Of

The cultural landscape poses different challenges for teachers. Beyond developing reading and writing skills, it is necessary to emerge in the digital culture and master the different codes of different languages. In this context, media education studies discuss the educational possibilities of interpreting, problematizing, and producing different kinds of texts in critical and creative ways, through the use of all means, languages and technologies available. Considering that media cannot be excluded from literacy programs, it is essential to reflect on the definition of “literate” today. These reflections examine the resignification of concepts like literacy, media literacy, digital literacy and information literacy.

Quantitative assessment of information quality in textual sources for landslide inventories

Landslides ◽  
2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas M. Kreuzer ◽  
Bodo Damm ◽  
Birgit Terhorst
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Assessment ◽  
Information Quality ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Quantitative Measure ◽  
Textual Information ◽  
Expert Opinions ◽  
Textual Source ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Textual Data ◽  
Definition Of

AbstractLandslide research chiefly relies on digital inventories for a multitude of spatial, temporal, and/or process analyses. In respect thereof, many landslide inventories are populated with information from textual documents (e.g., news articles, technical reports) due to effectiveness. However, information detail can vary greatly in these documents and the question arises whether such textual information is suitable for landslide inventories. The present work proposes to define the usefulness of textual source types as a probability to find landslide information, weighted with adaptable parameter requirements. To illustrate the method with practical results, a German landslide dataset has been examined. It was found that three combined source types (administrative documents, expert opinions, and news articles) give an 89 % chance to detect useful information on three defined parameters (location, date, and process type). In conclusion, the definition of usefulness as a probability makes it an intuitive, quantitative measure that is suitable for a wide range of applicants. Furthermore, a priori knowledge of usefulness allows for focusing on a few source types with the most promising outcome and thus increases the effectiveness of textual data acquisition and digitalisation for landslide inventories.

scholarly journals APPLICATION OF STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF TEXT MINING AT UPDATING AND STANDARDIZATION OF DETERMINATION OF LOGISTICS OF HOTEL RESTAURANT BUSINESS

2018 ◽  
pp. 123-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetiana Chaika ◽  
Larysa Stryhul ◽  
Viktoriia Aleksandrova
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Text Mining ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Textual Information ◽  
Business Logistics ◽  
Flow Processes ◽  
Information Text ◽  
Definition Of

Introduction. The disagreements in terminology and definition of key concepts of logistics and logistics of the hotel and restaurant business have become a significant barrier to a clear understanding of these economic categories. This fact complicates the interaction of individual subjects of economic relations in the field of logistics. The problem of specification, systematization and standardization of the conceptual apparatus of logistics is now recognized as an actual one by the majority of theorists and practitioners who work in this field. Purpose. The article aims to explore the main approaches to defining the concepts of "logistics" and "logistics of hotel and restaurant business"; to perform frequency analysis of keywords on the basis of statistical analysis of textual information Text Mining; to specify significant predicates of definitions of logistics and logistics of hotel and restaurant business. Methods. Investigation of frequency of predictors of logistics determination has been carried out on a random sample with the help of statistical analysis of textual information Text Mining. The logic and analytical research method and system and structural research method have been used in the process of processing and systematization of the data. Results. Text Mining has made it possible to detect the following high-frequency predictors of logistics definition: "flow", "management", "material", "information", "science", "product" and "consumer". The special focus of the flow processes, in particular the flow of customers, is the specifics of hotel and restaurant business logistics. It means that the consumer moves towards the manufacturer, and not vice versa. The authors consider it expedient to add the following predicators to the definition of the hotel and restaurant business logistics: "the direction of the flow processes", "services", "production", "flow of customers", "section / direction". Conclusions. The article has systematized the main structural elements of the definition of logistics. Significant predicators of the definitions of "logistics" and "hotel and restaurant business logistics" have been revealed. It is established that the formation of definitions of these concepts using the statistical processing of the frequency of keywords caused the results that reflect the essence of these concepts in a proper way. These results can perfectly correlate with the methodology of the formation of scientific concepts.

Investigating Interaction in an EFL Online Environment

2011 ◽  
pp. 53-68
Author(s):  
Vera Lucia Menezes de Oliveira e Paiva ◽  
Adail Sebastiao Rodrigues-Junior
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Social Teaching ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Online Reading ◽  
Reading And Writing ◽  
The Social ◽  
Writing Course ◽  
Teachers And Students ◽  
Online Environments ◽  
Definition Of

This pedagogical and methodological chapter aims at contributing to increasing Web teachers’ awareness of the different ways teachers and students can make themselves “visible” in the virtual environment by describing three categories of footing in online educational forums, namely, social footing, teaching footing, and cognitive footing. The categories are explained in line with the definition of footing, originally presented by Goffman (1981) and extended to online environments by Paiva and Rodrigues-Junior (2004, 2007). The data stems from a 60-hour online reading and writing course for undergraduate students of English as a Foreign Language in Brazil and was selected having in mind the categories discussed throughout the chapter, with special emphasis on the role played by the teacher and her students during the course. The analysis has shown that footing can be clearly perceived as an interactive category for online environments by means of textual analysis, with special focus on the transitivity model developed by Halliday (2004) and the social, teaching, and cognitive presences investigated by Garrison (2006) and his colleagues.

What are species?

2019 ◽  
pp. 7-29
Author(s):  
Timothy G. Barraclough
Keyword(s):  
Standard Model ◽  
Alternative Models ◽  
Definition Of

This chapter looks at the ideas underpinning the definition of species. After outlining a standard model of species applicable to sexual organisms, it looks more broadly at the multiple forces that cause lineages to diversify into multiple distinct and independently evolving groups. ‘Independently evolving’ is defined and illustrated by reference to different kinds of organisms: sexuals, asexuals, prokaryotes, and hybridizing taxa. It then discusses whether forces of diversification truly act to generate discrete units, as proposed by the ‘species model’, and outlines some possible alternatives for the structure of diversity, such as a continuum of increasingly independent forms. The chapter emphasizes concrete theory that makes testable predictions to distinguish alternative models of the structure of diversity.

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