scholarly journals Lipodystrophy syndrome and cardiovascular risk factors in children and adolescents infected with HIV/AIDS receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy

2010 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria L. F. Werner ◽  
Marcos V. da S. Pone ◽  
Vânia M. Fonseca ◽  
Célia R. M. de M. Chaves
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Lipodystrophy Syndrome ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Hiv Aids

scholarly journals Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Diseases in HIV/AIDS Patients on HAART

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dickson Shey Nsagha ◽  
Jules Clement Nguedia Assob ◽  
Anna Longdoh Njunda ◽  
Elvis Asangbeng Tanue ◽  
Odette Dzemo Kibu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Metabolic Complications ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Hiv Aids

Background :The introduction and widespread use of combination antiretroviral therapy referred to as highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in the mid 1990’s, has led HIV-infected individuals to experience a dramatic decline in immunodeficiency-related events and death. There is growing concern on metabolic complications associated with HIV and HAART which may increase cardiovascular risk and disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the cardiovascular risk profile of HIV/AIDS patients receiving HAART and those not receiving HAART at HIV/AIDS treatment centres in the South West Region of Cameroon.Methods :Consenting participants, who had been receiving HAART, were compared with HAART naive participants. A questionnaire was administered; anthropometric and blood pressure measurements were recorded under standard conditions. Blood samples were obtained for the determination of plasma glucose and lipid levels.Results :Two hundred and fifteen participants were recruited, 160 (74.4%) were on HAART and 55 (25.6%) were HAART naive. Among the individual lipid abnormalities, increased total cholesterol was the most prevalent (40.0%). Participants on HAART were significantly about 8 times at risk of developing hypercholesterolemia when compared to the HAART inexperienced group (OR 8.17; 95% CI: 3.31-20.14; p<0.001). Hypertension had a prevalence of 25.6% (95% CI: 15.3%-35.9%) and was about 2 times significantly higher in the HAART treated than the HAART untreated group (p=0.033). The prevalence of low HDL-c was significantly higher in males (24.1%) compared to females (11.2%) (p=0.0196). Many females (27.3%) were obese compared to males (7.4%) (p=0.0043). HAART use and treatment duration of more than five years were significantly associated with higher prevalence of CVD risk factors.Conclusion :HAART treatment was associated with significantly higher prevalence of hypercholesterolemia, increased LDL-c and hypertension, hence the risk of cardiovascular diseases.

Prevalence and risk factors for hepatotoxicity among patients with HIV/AIDS on highly active antiretroviral therapy in North-Western Nigeria

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 175
Author(s):  
Muhammad Hamza ◽  
YakasaiAhmad Maifada ◽  
MuhammadSani Mijinyawa ◽  
BorodoMusa Muhammad ◽  
Babashani Musa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
North Western ◽  
Hiv Aids

scholarly journals The Pathophysiology of HIV-/HAART-Related Metabolic Syndrome Leading to Cardiovascular Disorders: The Emerging Role of Adipokines

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Palios ◽  
Nikolaos P. E. Kadoglou ◽  
Stylianos Lampropoulos
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Cardiovascular Disorders ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

Individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) frequently demonstrate metabolic syndrome (MS) associated with increased incidence of cardiovascular disorders. Characteristics of HIV infection, such as immunodeficiency, viral load, and duration of the disease, in addition to the highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) have been suggested to induce MS in these patients. It is well documented that MS involves a number of traditional cardiovascular risk factors, like glucose, lipids, and arterial blood pressure abnormalities, leading to extensive atherogenic arterial wall changes. Nevertheless, the above traditional cardiovascular risk factors merely explain the exacerbated cardiovascular risk in MS. Nowadays, the adipose-tissue derivatives, known as adipokines, have been suggested to contribute to chronic inflammation and the MS-related cardiovascular disease. In view of a novel understanding on how adipokines affect the pathogenesis of HIV/HAART-related MS and cardiovascular complications, this paper focuses on the interaction of the metabolic pathways and the potential cardiovascular consequences. Based on the current literature, we suggest adipokines to have a role in the pathogenesis of the HIV/HAART-related MS. It is crucial to understand the pathophysiology of the HIV/HAART-related MS and apply therapeutic strategies in order to reduce cardiovascular risk in HIV patients.

scholarly journals Impact of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) on the incidence of opportunistic infections, hospitalizations and mortality among children and adolescents living with HIV/AIDS in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais State, Brazil

2007 ◽  
Vol 23 (suppl 3) ◽  
pp. S414-S423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Talitah M. S. Candiani ◽  
Jorge Pinto ◽  
Claudete A. Araújo Cardoso ◽  
Inácio R. Carvalho ◽  
Arlete C. M. Dias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Average Hospital ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Belo Horizonte ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Hiv Aids

The impact of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) can be evaluated using indicators, such as rates of opportunistic infections, hospitalizations by cause of infection, and associated death. This study aimed to estimate the impact of HAART on the incidence of these indicators, in children and adolescents with HIV/AIDS. It was a hybrid cohort study; 371 patients were followed from 1989 to 2003. In December 2003, 76% of the patients were still being followed, while 12.1% had died, 9.5% had dropped out, and 2.4% had been transferred. The overall rate of opportunistic infections was 18.32 infections/100 persons-year and 2.63 in the pre- and post-HAART periods, respectively. In the multivariate analysis, the risk of developing an opportunistic infection was 5.4 times greater and 3.3 times greater for hospitalization risk before HAART. Respiratory causes represented 65% of the hospitalizations and they were reduced by 44.6% with therapeutic intervention. The average hospital stay of 15 days was reduced to 9.There was a post-HAART decline in deaths of 38%. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of HAART in significantly reducing opportunistic infections, hospitalizations, and deaths in this Brazilian cohort.

scholarly journals Impact of Fat Intake on Blood Glucose Control and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 2625
Author(s):  
Chiara Garonzi ◽  
Gun Forsander ◽  
Claudio Maffeis
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Specific Role ◽  
Fat Intake ◽  
High Fat

Nutrition therapy is a cornerstone of type 1 diabetes (T1D) management. Glycemic control is affected by diet composition, which can contribute to the development of diabetes complications. However, the specific role of macronutrients is still debated, particularly fat intake. This review aims at assessing the relationship between fat intake and glycemic control, cardiovascular risk factors, inflammation, and microbiota, in children and adolescents with T1D. High fat meals are followed by delayed and prolonged hyperglycemia and higher glycated hemoglobin A1c levels have been frequently reported in individuals with T1D consuming high amounts of fat. High fat intake has also been associated with increased cardiovascular risk, which is higher in people with diabetes than in healthy subjects. Finally, high fat meals lead to postprandial pro-inflammatory responses through different mechanisms, including gut microbiota modifications. Different fatty acids were proposed to have a specific role in metabolic regulation, however, further investigation is still necessary. In conclusion, available evidence suggests that a high fat intake should be avoided by children and adolescents with T1D, who should be encouraged to adhere to a healthy and balanced diet, as suggested by ISPAD and ADA recommendations. This nutritional choice might be beneficial for reducing cardiovascular risk and inflammation.

Abstract 11505: Arterial Inflammation in HIV-Infected Patients Assessed by 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 130 (suppl_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rasmus S Ripa ◽  
Andreas Knudsen ◽  
Anne Mette F Hag ◽  
Annika Loft ◽  
Eric von Benzon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Abdominal Aorta ◽  
Viral Suppression ◽  
Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Carotid Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Arterial Inflammation

Introduction: HIV-infected patients are at increased risk of myocardial infarction and arterial inflammation has been suggested as an explanation. Vascular inflammation can be assessed in vivo by 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET. Hypothesis: Well-treated HIV-infected patients without known cardiovascular disease will have increased uptake of FDG in different arterial regions as compared to healthy controls. Methods: We prospectively included 26 HIV-infected patients on stable antiretroviral therapy and 25 healthy volunteers. All underwent whole-body PET/CT 3 hours after injection of FDG. FDG uptake was assessed (SUV) in the carotid arteries, the ascending, descending, and abdominal aorta. Carotid intima-media thickness was determined by ultrasound. Soluble biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction and inflammation were measured by ELISA. Known cardiovascular risk factors were recorded for all included. Results: The HIV-infected patients were on stable antiretroviral therapy with full viral suppression. The HIV-infected group was older (50 vs 41 yrs; p = 0.01), had higher blood pressure and total cholesterol, and accordingly a higher Framingham risk score. FDG uptake was similar in the two groups quantified as SUVmax (figure) in the carotid region (1.67 ± 0.04 vs. 1.67 ± 0.04, p = 0.98), the ascending aorta (1.84 ± 0.06 vs. 1.97 ± 0.06, p = 0.15), the descending aorta (1.89 ± 0.08 vs. 1.93 ± 0.08, p = 0.70), and the abdominal aorta (1.70 ± 0.06 vs. 1.65 ± 0.06, p = 0.56) even when adjusting for differences in risk profile. No significant correlations between SUV, carotid intima-media thickness, known cardiovascular risk factors and soluble biomarkers were found. Conclusions: We found no evidence of increased arterial inflammation among HIV-infected patients with full viral suppression compared to controls. This may challenge the idea of chronic inflammation as the cause of cardiovascular disease among optimally treated HIV-infected patients.

scholarly journals Risco cardiovascular: marcadores antropométricos, clínicos e dietéticos em indivíduos infectados pelo vírus HIV

2011 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luísa Helena Maia Leite ◽  
Ana Beatriz de Mattos Marinho Sampaio
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Hiv Aids

OBJETIVO: Descrever marcadores antropométricos, clínicos e dietéticos associados ao risco cardiovascular em indivíduos infectados pelo vírus HIV. MÉTODOS: Realizou-se um estudo transversal com 100 indivíduos, adultos, com HIV/Aids, da cidade do Rio de Janeiro. O risco cardiovascular foi estimado pelo escore de risco de Framingham. O consumo alimentar foi avaliado por meio de um recordatório de 24 horas e de uma lista de frequência de consumo de alimentos. Para comparar variáveis, foram utilizados o teste t de Student e o teste Qui-quadrado. RESULTADOS: Dentre os indivíduos avaliados, 63% eram homens, com idade média de 41,8, DP=9,6 anos, 77% faziam uso de antirretrovirais. Escore de risco de Framingham >10% foi identificado em 53% dos indivíduos. Os principais fatores de risco cardiovascular potencialmente modificáveis identificados foram: lipoproteína de alta densidade baixo (70%), hipercolesterolemia (35%), hipertensão arterial (35%), seguidos de tabagismo (23%) e glicose alta (21%). Indivíduos com escore de risco de Framingham >10% apresentavam uma tendência para consumir dietas mais ricas em colesterol (p=0,720), em sódio (p=0,898), em açúcares/doces (p=0,032) e pobres em fibras (p=0,273), associadas a um maior consumo de bebidas alcoólicas (p=0,053). A avaliação dos hábitos de vida revelou maior prevalência de tabagismo e maior nível de sedentarismo no grupo com escore de risco de Framingham >10, porém não significativos. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados deste estudo mostram que pacientes com HIV/Aids sob terapia Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy e com mais altos escore de risco de Framingham não seguem as medidas preventivas contra doenças cardiovasculares e devem ser permanentemente encorajados a fazer escolhas alimentares saudáveis, parar de fumar e aumentar a atividade física.

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