scholarly journals Bio-controller Effect of Four Native Strains of Trichoderma spp., on Phytophthora capsici in Manzano Chili (Capsicum pubescens) in Puebla-Mexico

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ma. Ángeles Valencia de Ita ◽  
Jiménez Huerta Fátima ◽  
Conrado Parraguirre Lezama ◽  
Alfredo Báez Simón ◽  
Gerardo Landeta Cortés ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Phytophthora Capsici ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Culture Technique ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Native Strains

Diversity of the different types of chilies in Mexico has been scarcely studied, and a large variety have been found to be, such as Manzano chili. Root rot caused by oomycete Phytophthora capsici is a severe disease that affects Manzano chili production in Mexico, detracted from its production and quality. The use of biological control agents such as Trichodermanative’s species, represents an efficient alternative to reduce losses and control the disease. For this reason, the objective of the present investigation was to evaluate the antagonistic effect in vitro and in vivo of four native strains of Trichoderma spp., on Phytophthora capsici in seedlings of Manzano chili from Puebla-Mexico was evaluated. Dual culture technique was used to determine the percentage of inhibition of radial growth (PICR) of the PC-A strain of P. capsici. Analysis of the percentage of germination was also carried out, as well as the incidence of root rot at 20 days after inoculation with the pathogen (dai) in the nursery. T. harzianum strain presented the highest PICR (42.86%) of antagonistic level in vitro and class I in the Bell scale, in addition, it obtained 88% germination in the nursery and 10% mortality at 20 dai, higher than the other native strains of Trichoderma. The bio-controlling effect of strains of Trichoderma spp., offers an effective alternative for root necrosis caused by P. capsici in the cultivation of Manzano chili in Puebla-Mexico.

scholarly journals Isolate Neoscytalidium dimidiatum fungal pathogens from pytaya (Hylocereus undatus) and research controlling by microorganisms

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 286-293
Author(s):  
Nhut Nhu Nguyen ◽  
Nguyen Thi Ngoc Bich ◽  
Nguyen Thanh Truong ◽  
Vo Thi Xuyen
Keyword(s):  
Agar Medium ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Neoscytalidium Dimidiatum ◽  
Streptomyces Spp ◽  
Trichoderma Sp ◽  
Bacillus Spp

In recent years, Neoscytalidium dimidiatum has caused severe white spot disease in Pytaya, while no effective controls have been taken. In this study, two strains of N. dimidiatum NdGV and NdBT were obtained by isolation on water agar medium containing streptomycin, morphological tests, in vitro and in vivo pathogenical tests, and molecular biology tests by sequencing the genes ITS1 and ITS4. By using dual culture technique on potato-glucose agar medium, 100% of Trichoderma spp., 75% of Bacillus spp. and 20% of Streptomyces spp. were able to antagonize N. dimidiatum. The mean antagonistic effect with N. dimidiatum of Trichoderma spp. was higher than Bacillus spp. and the lowest was Streptomyces spp. 56.8%, 55.3% and 54.3% respectively. Especially 5 strains Trichoderma sp. 8.3.5, 8.3.7, 8.3.14, 8.3.19, and 8.3.20 had antagonistic effects of over 60%. The application potential of the 5 selected Trichoderma strains to control N. dimidiatum disease was further strengthened when their antagonistic effect was relatively stable on Pitaya juice agar medium while all Bacillus sp. and Streptomyces sp. were lost the ability to antagonize. It was noteworthy that four of the five strains of Trichoderma sp. were highly compatible, suggesting further studies are needed to apply their combined potency in enhancing the control of N. dimidiatum NdBT and NdGV on Pitaya.  

scholarly journals BIOCONTROLE DA PODRIDÃO VERMELHA DA RAIZ E PROMOÇÃO DE CRESCIMENTO DA SOJA

Nativa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 629
Author(s):  
Janaina Silva Sarzi ◽  
Juliane Ludwig ◽  
Jéssica Emília Rabuske ◽  
Pâmela Pires Ferst ◽  
Jéssica Malescki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Fusarium Solani ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Culture Technique ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
In Vivo Test ◽  
Crop Development ◽  
Severity Of The Disease

A soja é uma das principais culturas do agronegócio mundial, e o Brasil se destaca por ser um dos maiores produtores dessa leguminosa. As doenças, especialmente causadas por patógenos habitantes do solo interferem significativamente no desenvolvimento e produtividade da cultura, especialmente por serem de difícil controle. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar o biocontrole de Fusarium solani agente causal da podridão vermelha da raiz na soja, por isolados de Trichoderma spp. Para isso, foi avaliado o efeito dos antagonistas in vitro sobre o patógeno, utilizando a técnica de cultivo pareado, e o potencial dos antagonistas em reduzir a severidade da doença causada por F. solani in vivo, por meio da inoculação do patógeno em sementes de milho e o tratamento do solo com os antagonistas. Pôde-se observar que dentre os isolados de Trichoderma spp., T. asperellum foi o mais eficiente em inibir o crescimento in vitro do patógeno. No ensaio in vivo, o uso de Trichoderma mostrou-se efetivo no controle da severidade da podridão vermelha da raiz na soja, sendo T. harzianum UFFS o mais eficiente na redução dos sintomas causados por F. solani, bem como, promover o crescimento de plantas de soja.Palavras-chave: Glycine max; Fusarium solani; Trichoderma. BIOCONTROL OF ROOT RED ROOT AND PROMOTION OF SOYBEAN GROWTH ABSTRACT: Soy is one of the main agribusiness crops worldwide, and Brazil stands out as one of the largest producers of this legume. Diseases, especially caused by soil-dwelling pathogens, significantly interfere in crop development and productivity, especially as they are difficult to control. The objective of this work was to evaluate the biocontrol of Fusarium solani causal agent of red root rot in soybean by isolates of Trichoderma spp. For this, the effect of in vitro antagonists on the pathogen, using the paired culture technique, and the potential of the antagonists in reducing the severity of the disease caused by F. solani in vivo, through the inoculation of the pathogen in seeds of corn and soil treatment with the antagonists. It was observed that among the isolates of Trichoderma spp., T. asperellum was the most efficient in inhibiting in vitro growth of the pathogen. In the in vivo test, the use of Trichoderma was effective in controlling the severity of red root rot in soybean, with T. harzianum UFFS being the most efficient in reducing the symptoms caused by F. solani, as well as promoting the growth of soybean plants.Keywords: Glycine max; Fusarium solani; Trichoderma.

An Attempt at Biological Control of Blossom Blight of Rose Caused by Botrytis cinerea Using some Local Trichoderma spp. Strains

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-34
Author(s):  
G. Zadehdabagh ◽  
K. Karimi ◽  
M. Rezabaigi ◽  
F. Ajamgard
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Khuzestan Province ◽  
Inhibitory Potential ◽  
Cut Rose

The northern of Khuzestan province in Iran is mainly considered as one of the major areas of miniature rose production. Blossom blight caused by Botrytis cinerea has recently become a serious limiting factor in rose production in pre and post-harvest. In current study, an attempt was made to evaluate the inhibitory potential of some local Trichoderma spp. strains against B. cinerea under in vitro and in vivo conditions. The in vitro results showed that all Trichoderma spp. strains were significantly able to reduce the mycelial growth of the pathogen in dual culture, volatile and non-volatile compounds tests compared with control, with superiority of T. atroviride Tsafi than others. Under in vivo condition, the selected strain of T. atroviride Tsafi had much better performance than T. harzianum IRAN 523C in reduction of disease severity compared with the untreated control. Overall, the findings of this study showed that the application of Trichoderma-based biocontrol agents such as T. atroviride Tsafi can be effective to protect cut rose flowers against blossom blight.

scholarly journals Suppression of Stem-End Rot on Avocado Fruit Using Trichoderma spp. in the Central Highlands of Kenya

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
E. K. Wanjiku ◽  
J. W. Waceke ◽  
J. N. Mbaka
Keyword(s):  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Culture Technique ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Postharvest Diseases ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Lasiodiplodia Theobromae

Demand for organic avocado fruits, together with stringent food safety standards in the global market, has made producers to use alternative, safe, and consumer-friendly strategies of controlling the postharvest fungal disease of avocado fruits. This study assessed the in vitro efficacy of Trichoderma spp. (T. atroviride, T. virens, T. asperellum, and T. harzianum) against isolated avocado stem-end rot (SER) fungal pathogens (Lasiodiplodia theobromae, Neofusicoccum parvum, Nectria pseudotrichia, and Fusarium solani) using a dual culture technique. The Trichoderma spp. were also evaluated singly on postharvest “Hass” avocado fruits. Spore suspension at 5 × 104 conidial/ml of the Trichoderma spp. was applied on the avocado fruits at three time points, twenty-four hours before the fungal pathogen (preinoculation), at the same time as the fungal pathogen (concurrent inoculation), and 24 hours after the fungal pathogen (postinoculation). In the in vitro study, T. atroviride showed the highest mycelial growth inhibition against N. parvum (48%), N. pseudotrichia (55%), and F. solani (32.95%), while T. harzianum had the highest mycelial growth inhibition against L. theobromae. Trichoderma asperellum was the least effective in inhibiting the mycelial growth of all the pathogens. Similarly, T. virens showed the highest mycelial growth inhibition against N. pseudotrichia at 45% inhibition. On postharvest “Hass” fruits, T. atroviride showed the highest efficacy against N. parvum, N. pseudotrichia, and F. solani in all the applications. Trichoderma virens and T. harzianum were most effective against all the pathogens during postinoculation, while Lasiodiplodia theobromae was best controlled by T. virens, T. harzianum, and T. asperellum during postinoculation. Both T. atroviride and T. harzianum present a potential alternative to synthetic fungicides against postharvest diseases of avocado fruits, and further tests under field conditions to be done to validate their efficacy. The possibility of using Trichoderma spp. in the management of SER on avocado fruits at a commercial level should also be explored.

scholarly journals SOIL MYCOFLORA OF BLACK PEPPER RHIZOSPHERE IN THE PHILIPPINES AND THEIR IN VITRO ANTAGONISM AGAINST Phytophthora capsici L.

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Rita Noveriza ◽  
Tricita H. Quimio
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Phytophthora Capsici ◽  
Black Pepper ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Culture Technique ◽  
Organic Substrate ◽  
Cropping Pattern ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Soil Mycoflora

Foot rot disease of black pepper caused by Phytophthora capsici had been reported in Batangas and Laguna, Philippines. The plant was recovered following the application of crop residue (organic substrate) and intercropping with other crops. This study was aimed to isolate, identify, and determine the soil mycoflora from the rhizosphere of black pepper grown on various cropping patterns in Batangas and Laguna. Antagonistic activity of mycoflora isolates was tested against P. capsici using dual culture technique. The result showed that 149 colonies of soil mycoflora isolated were belonging to 14 genera; three of them, i.e. Penicillium, Paecilomyces and Aspergillus, were the most dominant. All of the mycoflora isolates were able to inhibit the growth of the pathogen. Eighteen of them were the most promising antagonists, based on their inhibition growth of more than 60%. It is suggested that antagonistic mechanism of Mucor isolate (1001), Trichoderma (125, 170, 171, 179, 180, 181), Gliocladium (109), Cunninghamella (165, 168), Mortierella (177), and Aspergillus (106) was space competitor (competition for nutrient) since they rapidly overgrew the pathogen. Aspergillus (67, 79, 81, 83, 108, and 202) isolates inhibited the pathogen apparently by producing antibiotic, whereas Trichoderma (125, 170, 171, 179, 180, and 181) isolates were able to penetrate the hyphae of the pathogen. The organic matter percentage in the soil was significantly correlated with the number of antagonistic mycoflora in rhizosphere (R2 = 0.1094), but the cropping pattern was negatively correlated. This study suggests that organic matter increased antagonistic mycoflora in black pepper rhizosphere, which will reduce severity of the disease.

Evaluation of Pseudomonas fluorescens Strains, Fungicides and Non-conventional Chemicals Against Botyrotinia ricini Causing Grey Mold Disease in Castor

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 339-347
Author(s):  
S. Ameer Basha ◽  
◽  
V. Ramya ◽  
A. Sajeli Begum ◽  
G. Raghavendra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Fluorescens ◽  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Culture Technique ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Integrated Disease Management ◽  
Grey Mold ◽  
Time Periods

A study was made to evaluate the efficacy of Pseudomonas fluorescens strains, fungicides and non-conventional chemicals against Botryotinia ricini, causing grey mold disease in castor, under in vitro conditions. Among the 40 strains isolated from rhizosphere soil samples of different crops across the State of Telangana, India, only eight strains inhibited the growth of B. ricini under dual culture technique, of which strains Pf 21 (90.56%), Pf 23 (88.89%), Pf 34 (86.11%) and Pf 36 (84.17%) were the most effective. Among the seven chemicals (four fungicides and three non-conventional chemicals) tested for their efficacy, carbendazim followed by propiconazole had significant antagonistic effect against B. ricini. Exposure of healthy castor capsules to B. ricini and P. fluorescens for different time periods revealed that strains Pf 34 and Pf 36 were effective in completely inhibiting the growth of B. ricini and hence these two strains have been identified as effective biocontrol agents, on par with carbendazim, which offer scope for sustainable and integrated disease management of grey mold disease in castor.

scholarly journals Utilizing the combined antifungal potential of Trichoderma spp. and organic amendments against dry root rot of mungbean

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anam Choudhary ◽  
Shabbir Ashraf
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Root Nodules ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Rhizoctonia Bataticola ◽  
Neem Cake ◽  
Greenhouse Study

AbstractThe present study was carried out to evaluate the effect of bioagents and organic amendments in suppressing the dry root rot of mungbean incited by Rhizoctonia bataticola. The locally isolated pathogen and fungal biocontrol agents were identified based on morphological and molecular characterization. These identified bioagents were tested in vitro, and the highest mycelial inhibition was recorded in dual culture assay by Trichoderma harzianum (74.44%), and among organic amendments, maximum mycelial inhibition was found in neem cake (61.11%). In a greenhouse study, T. harzianum + neem cake effectively enhanced the percent germination (93.33%) and decreased the percent disease mortality (11.67%) than the other treatments. The morphological parameter like plant height (57.50 cm), dry weight (22.83 g) root nodules (51), pods/plant (58), and 100-seed weight (5.78 g) were found to be at the maximum in this combined application. Physiological pigments viz. chlorophyll (2.41 mg/g) and carotenoids (0.19 mg/g), protein content (5.85 mg/g), and leghemoglobin (11.75 mg/g) were also found to be maximum in T. harzianum + neem cake and minimum phenol content (1.41 mg/g). The study concludes that T. harzianum + neem cake can be recommended as an effective approach for the management of dry root rot of mungbean.

Role of chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase activities produced by a fluorescent pseudomonad and in vitro inhibition of Phytophthora capsici and Rhizoctonia solani

2007 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naveen Kumar Arora ◽  
Min Jeong Kim ◽  
Sun Chul Kang ◽  
Dinesh Kumar Maheshwari
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Phytophthora Capsici ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Culture Technique ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Fluorescent Pseudomonad ◽  
Antifungal Metabolites ◽  
Fluorescent Pseudomonas

A study was conducted to investigate the possibility of involvement of chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase of an antagonistic fluorescent Pseudomonas in growth suppression of phytopathogenic fungi, Phytophthora capsici and Rhizoctonia solani . Fluorescent Pseudomonas isolates GRC3 and GRC4 were screened for their antifungal potential against phytopathogenic fungi by using dual culture technique both on solid and liquid media. The percent inhibition was calculated. Various parameters were monitored for optimization of enzyme activities by fluorescent Pseudomonas GRC3. The involvement of chitinases, β-1,3-glucanases, and antifungal metabolites of nonenzymatic nature was correlated with the inhibition of P. capsici and R. solani. The results provide evidence for antibiosis as a mechanism for antagonism. The study also confirms that multiple mechanisms are involved in suppressing phytopathogens as evidenced by the involvement of chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase in inhibition of R. solani but not P. capsici by isolate GRC3.

scholarly journals IN VITRO EFFICACY OF PGPR PSEUDOMONAS FLUORESCENS AGAINST FUSARIUM WILT OF TOMATO CAUSED BY FUSARIUM OXYSPORUM F.SP. LYCOPERSICI

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (no 1) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Vignesh ◽  
K. Rajamohan ◽  
P. Balabaskar ◽  
R. Anandan
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Pseudomonas Fluorescens ◽  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Culture Technique ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Percent Inhibition

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is one of the most important, commercial and widely grown vegetable crop in the world. Tomato plays a critical role in nutritional food requirements, income and employment opportunities for the people. However, its production is threatened by the Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici and production losses between 30%to40%. In the present investigation an attempt has been made to study the in vitro efficacy of Pseudomonas fluorescens against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici. The antagonistic effect of Pseudomonas fluorescens were observed by the Dual culture technique and Agarwell method under the in vitro conditions.Among the ten isolates of Pseudomonas fluorescens, isolate Pf5 found to show the maximum percent inhibition over control (58.75%) and least mycelial growth (37.12mm) in dual culture technique against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici. In Agar well method isolate Pf5 proved out the maximum inhibition zone (17.47mm)against Fusarium oxysporumf.sp. lycopersici and percent inhibition over control (80.97%) at 30% concentration level.

scholarly journals Potensi Trichoderma spp. sebagai Agens Pengendali Fusarium spp. Penyebab Penyakit Layu pada Tanaman Stroberi

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mutia Erti Dwiastuti ◽  
Melisa N Fajri ◽  
Yunimar Yunimar
Keyword(s):  
Fragaria X Ananassa ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Trichoderma Sp ◽  
Fusarium Sp

<p>Layu yang disebabkan oleh Fusarium spp. merupakan salah satu penyakit penting tanaman stroberi (Fragaria x ananassa<br />Dutch.) di daerah subtropika, yang dapat menggagalkan panen. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mempelajari potensi Trichoderma spp.<br />dalam mengendalikan Fusarium spp. Isolat Trichoderma spp. diisolasi dari rizosfer tanaman stroberi dan Fusarium spp. diisolasi<br />dari tanaman stroberi yang mengalami layu fusarium. Isolat cendawan dimurnikan, dikarakterisasi, dan dibandingkan dengan isolat<br />cendawan acuan. Uji antagonis dilakukan secara in vitro dan in vivo. Uji in vitro dilakukan dengan metode dual culture dan slide<br />culture. Uji in vivo dilakukan di rumah kasa menggunakan dua varietas stroberi, yaitu Santung serta California. Hasil penelitian <br />in vitro memperoleh dua jenis isolat cendawan antagonis, yaitu Trichoderma sp.1 dan Trichoderma sp.2, dan dua jenis cendawan <br />patogen Fusarium, yaitu Fusarium sp.1 dan Fusarium sp.2. Isolat Trichoderma sp.1 memiliki kemampuan antagonisme lebih tinggi<br />dibandingkan dengan isolat Trichoderma sp.2. Isolat Trichoderma sp.1 mampu menghambat pertumbuhan Fusarium sp.1 dan<br />Fusarium sp.2 secara berturut- turut, yaitu 49,7% dan 49,6%. Isolat Trichoderma sp.2 mampu menghambat pertumbuhan Fusarium<br />sp.1 dan Fusarium sp.2 lebih rendah, yaitu sebesar 45,8% dan 43,4%. Mekanisme antagonis yang terjadi antara cendawan antagonis<br />dan patogen pada uji in vitro, yaitu pembelitan dan intervensi hifa. Hasil pada uji in vivo pada perlakuan Trichoderma sebelum<br />Fusarium menunjukkan keefektifan pengendalian paling baik (41,72%) dibanding perlakuan lain. Varietas Santung lebih tahan<br />terhadap serangan patogen dibandingkan varietas California. Implikasi dari hasil penelitian ini adalah, agens hayati Trichoderma<br />spp. lebih optimal digunakan sebagai pencegahan (preventif) tanpa menunggu tanaman terinfeksi penyakit layu fusarium.</p>

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