scholarly journals Antimicrobial and osteoconductive properties of two different types of titanium silver coating

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 694-706
Author(s):  
MG Kontakis ◽  
◽  
A Diez-Escudero ◽  
H Hariri ◽  
B Andersson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vapour Deposition ◽  
Nitride Layer ◽  
Ti6al4v Alloy ◽  
Silver Coating ◽  
Antibacterial Effects ◽  
Cementless Fixation ◽  
Future Developments ◽  
Prosthetic Joint ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Primary Human Osteoblasts

In prosthetic joint surgery, Ag coating of implant areas in direct contact with bone has been met with hesitation for fear of compromising osseointegration. The physicochemical, antibacterial and osteoconductive properties of three different Ti samples were studied: Ti6Al4V alloy that was grit-blasted (GB), Ti6Al4V alloy with an experimental Ti-Ag-nitride layer (SN) applied by physical vapour deposition (PVD) and commercially available PVD-coated Ti6Al4V alloy with a base Ag layer and a surface Ti-Ag-nitride layer (SSN, clinically known as PorAg®). Ag content on the surface of experimental SN and SSN discs was 27.7 %wt and 68.5 % wt, respectively. At 28 d, Ag release was 4 ppm from SN and 26.9 ppm from SSN substrates. Colonisation of discs by Staphylococcus aureus was the highest on GB [944 (± 91) × 104 CFU/mL], distinctly lower on experimental SN discs [414 (± 117) × 104 CFU/mL] and the lowest on SSN discs [307 (± 126) × 104 CFU/mL]. Primary human osteoblasts were abundant 28 d after seeding on GB discs but their adhesion and differentiation, measured by alkaline-phosphatase production, was suppressed by 73 % on SN and by 96 % on SSN discs, in comparison to GB discs. Thus, the PVD-applied Ag coatings differed considerably in their antibacterial effects and osteoconductivity. The experimental SN coating had similar antibacterial effects to the commercially available SSN coating while providing slightly improved osteoconductivity. Balancing the Ag content of Ti implants will be vital for future developments of implants designed for cementless fixation into bone.

Leadership in Technology Project Management

2011 ◽  
pp. 216-231
Author(s):  
Ralf Mueller
Keyword(s):  
Project Management ◽  
Leadership Styles ◽  
Project Managers ◽  
Leadership Theory ◽  
Personality Profiles ◽  
Technology Project ◽  
Future Developments ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Current Leadership ◽  
Leadership Research

This chapter addresses project managers’ leadership styles, mainly from the perspective of technology projects. It starts by defining and outlining the need for leadership, and then describes the historical schools and the recent schools of leadership theory. Subsequently the focus turns to current leadership research in project management, and its related theories. Subsequently, the personality profiles of successful project managers in different types of projects are presented. The chapter ends with some managerial and theoretical implications, as well as scholarly challenges for further research and future developments in this area.

scholarly journals A rugged, self-sterilizing antimicrobial copper coating on ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene: a preliminary study on the feasibility of an antimicrobial prosthetic joint material

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (20) ◽  
pp. 3310-3318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ke Wu ◽  
Samuel P. Douglas ◽  
Gaowei Wu ◽  
Alexander J. MacRobert ◽  
Elaine Allan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
High Molecular Weight ◽  
Vapour Deposition ◽  
Chemical Vapour ◽  
Copper Coating ◽  
Prosthetic Joint ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
First Time ◽  
Ultra High Molecular Weight ◽  
Joint Material

We report here for the first time how a copper coating bond to ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) via low temperature aerosol assisted chemical vapour deposition.

scholarly journals Displays

1983 ◽  
Vol 10 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 71-80
Author(s):  
A. Schauer
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Crystals ◽  
Thick Film ◽  
Light Emitting Diodes ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Performance Data ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Hybrid Techniques ◽  
Future Developments ◽  
Different Types

A short review is given on new display technologies such as plasma, liquid crystals, light emitting diodes, electroluminescence and electrochromism. It is stated that thin or thick film or hybrid techniques are essential for all the different types of display. Comparing the performance data of displays the advantages, disadvantages, appropriate applications and future developments are described. Finally the display market and its growth are discussed briefly.

scholarly journals The Promotion of Antibacterial Effects of Ti6Al4V Alloy Modified with TiO2Nanotubes Using a Superoxidized Solution

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernesto Beltrán-Partida ◽  
Benjamin Valdez-Salas ◽  
Alan Escamilla ◽  
Aldo Moreno-Ulloa ◽  
Larysa Burtseva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Adhesion ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Ti6al4v Alloy ◽  
Antibacterial Efficacy ◽  
Antibacterial Effects ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Bacterial Morphology

The purpose of the present study was to synthetize 80 nm diameter TiO2 nanotubes (NTs) on Ti6Al4V alloy using a commercially superoxidized water (SOW) enriched with fluoride to reduce anodization time and promote the antibacterial efficacy againstStaphylococcus aureus(S. aureus). The alloy discs were anodized for 5 min and as a result, NTs of approximately 80 nm diameters were obtained with similar morphology as reported in previous studies using longer anodization times (1-2 h). Filed emission-scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) were used to characterize the materials surfaces. The NTs showed significantly decreasedS. aureusviability after 1, 3, and 5 days of culture in comparison to nonanodized alloy. Likewise, SEM analysis also suggested lower bacterial adhesion on the NTs surface. No differences in bacterial morphology and topography were observed on both materials, as analyzed by SEM and atomic force microscopy (AFM). In conclusion, 80 nm diameter NTs were grown on Ti6Al4V alloy in 5 min by using a SOW solution enriched with fluoride, which resulted in a material with promoted antibacterial efficacy againstS. aureusfor up to 5 days of in vitro culture when compared to nonanodized alloy.

Chemical vapour deposition of pyro-carbon, SiC, TiC, TiN, Si and Ta on different types of carbon fibres

Carbon ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 358-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Aggour ◽  
E. Fitzer ◽  
E. Ignotowitz ◽  
M. Sahebkar
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Vapour Deposition ◽  
Vapour Deposition ◽  
Chemical Vapour ◽  
Carbon Fibres ◽  
Different Types

scholarly journals Concept Libraries for Automatic Electronic Health Record Based Phenotyping: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Ahmed Almowil ◽  
Shang-Ming Zhou ◽  
Sinead Brophy
Keyword(s):  
Health Data ◽  
Health Records ◽  
Future Developments ◽  
Coding Systems ◽  
Disease Characteristics ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Health Studies ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Electronic Health ◽  
Disease Characteristic

IntroductionElectronic health records (EHR) are linked together to examine disease history and to undertake research into the causes and outcomes of disease. However, the process of constructing algorithms for phenotyping (e.g., identifying disease characteristics) or health characteristics (e.g., smoker) is very time consuming and resource costly. In addition, results can vary greatly between researchers. Reusing or building on algorithms that others have created is a compelling solution to these problems. However, sharing algorithms is not a common practice and many published studies do not detail the clinical code lists used by the researchers in the disease/characteristic definition. To address these challenges, a number of centres across the world have developed health data portals which contain concept libraries (e.g., algorithms for defining concepts such as disease and characteristics) in order to facilitate disease phenotyping and health studies. ObjectivesThis study aims to review the literature of existing concept libraries, examine their utilities, identify the current gaps, and suggest future developments. MethodsThe five-stage framework of Arksey and O'Malley was used for the literature search. This approach included defining the research questions, identifying relevant studies through literature review, selecting eligible studies, charting and extracting data, and summarising and reporting the findings. ResultsThis review identified seven publicly accessible Electronic Health data concept libraries which were developed in different countries including UK, USA, and Canada. The concept libraries (n = 7) investigated were either general libraries that hold phenotypes of multiple specialties (n = 4) or specialized libraries that manage only certain specialities such as rare diseases (n = 3). There were some clear differences between the general libraries such as archiving data from different electronic sources, and using a range of different types of coding systems. However, they share some clear similarities such as enabling users to upload their own code lists, and allowing users to use/download the publicly accessible code. In addition, there were some differences between the specialized libraries such as difference in ability to search, and if it was possible to use different searching queries such as simple or complex searches. Conversely, there were some similarities between the specialized libraries such as enabling users to upload their own concepts into the libraries and to show where they were published, which facilitates assessing the validity of the concepts. All the specialized libraries aimed to encourage the reuse of research methods such as lists of clinical code and/or metadata. ConclusionThe seven libraries identified have been developed independently and appear to replicate similar concepts but in different ways. Collaboration between similar libraries would greatly facilitate the use of these libraries for the user. The process of building code lists takes time and effort. Access to existing code lists increases consistency and accuracy of definitions across studies. Concept library developers should collaborate with each other to raise awareness of their existence and of their various functions, which could increase users’ contributions to those libraries and promote their wide-ranging adoption.

Thermal Barrier Coating Deposited Using the PS-PVD Method on TiAl-Nb-Mo Intermetallic Alloy with Different Types of Bond Coats

2021 ◽  
Vol 320 ◽  
pp. 60-65
Author(s):  
Marek Góral ◽  
Tadeusz Kubaszek ◽  
Marcin Kobylarz ◽  
Marcin Drajewicz ◽  
Maciej Pytel
Keyword(s):  
Bond Coat ◽  
Vapour Deposition ◽  
Columnar Structure ◽  
Intermetallic Alloy ◽  
Ceramic Layer ◽  
Thermal Barrier ◽  
Physical Vapour Deposition ◽  
Bond Coats ◽  
Tial Intermetallics ◽  
Different Types

TiAl intermetallics can be considered an alternative for conventional nickel superalloys in the high-temperature application. A TBC (Thermal Barrier Coatings) with ceramic topcoat with columnar structure obtained using EB-PVD (electron beam physical vapour deposition) is currently used to protect TiAl intermetallics. This article presents the new concept and technology of TBC for TiAl intermetallic alloys. Bond coats produced using the slurry method were obtained. Si and Al nanopowders (70 nm) were used for water-based slurry preparation with different composition of solid fraction: 100 wt.% of Al, 50 wt.% Al + 50 wt.% Si and pure Si. Samples of TNM-B1 (TiAl-Nb-Mo) TiAl intermetallic alloy were used as a base material. The samples were immersed in slurries and dried. The samples were heat treated in Ar atmosphere at 1000 °C for 4 h. The outer ceramic layer was produced using the new plasma spray physical vapour deposition (PS-PVD) method. The approximately 110 μm thick outer ceramic layers contained yttria-stabilised zirconium oxide. It was characterised by a columnar structure. Differences in phase composition and structures were observed in bond coats. The coatings obtained from Al-contained slurry were approximately 30 μm thick and consisted of two zones: the outer contained the TiAl3 phase and the inner zone consisted of the TiAl2 phase. The second bond coat produced from 50 wt.% Al + 50 wt.% Si slurry was characterised by a similar thickness and contained the TiAl2 phase, as well as titanium silicides. The bond coat formed from pure-Si slurry had a thickness < 10 μm and contained up to 20 at % of Si. This suggests the formation of different types of titanium silicides and Ti-Al phases. The obtained results showed that PS-PVD method can be considered as an alternative to the EB-PVD method, which is currently applied for deposition a columnar structure ceramic layer. On the other hand, the use of nanopowder for slurry production is problematic due to the smaller thickness of the produced coating in comparison with conventional micro-sized slurries.

scholarly journals ¿Adónde vamos y de dónde venimos en Lingüística Aplicada?

LETRAS ◽  
2013 ◽  
pp. 137-154
Author(s):  
Sherry E. Gapper
Keyword(s):  
Applied Linguistics ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Future Developments ◽  
Different Types

Se plantean analíticamente unas reflexiones sobre los orígenes de la Lingüística Aplicada, para asociarla a una concepción abarcadora y flexible de la disciplina. Se tratan problemas de diversa índole que parecen haber influido en el desenvolvimiento de las especialidades que la conforman. Se incorporan las dimensiones de espacio y de tiempo, junto a lo conceptual, para fomentar una visión integradora y unificadora, que favorezca el desarrollo actual y futuro de este universo del saber académico. The origins of Applied Linguistics are addressed analytically as a basis for a broad and flexible conception of the field. Different types of issues which may influence the diverse specialties comprising the field are discussed. Factors of time and space are included along with conceptual aspects, to foster an integrative and unifying view, and thus enhance current and future developments in this academic universe.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document