scholarly journals Dental pulp inflammatory/immune response to a chitosan-enriched fibrin hydrogel in the pulpotomised rat incisor

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 74-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Renard ◽  
J Amiaud ◽  
L Delbos ◽  
C Charrier ◽  
A Montembault ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Dental Pulp ◽  
Rat Incisor ◽  
Inflammatory Immune Response

scholarly journals Pattern of inflammatory immune response determines the clinical course and outcome of COVID-19: unbiased clustering analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eunyoung Emily Lee ◽  
Kyoung-Ho Song ◽  
Woochang Hwang ◽  
Sin Young Ham ◽  
Hyeonju Jeong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Clustering Analysis ◽  
Validation Cohort ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Outcome Data ◽  
Inflammatory Immune Response ◽  
Cluster 2

AbstractThe objective of the study was to identify distinct patterns in inflammatory immune responses of COVID-19 patients and to investigate their association with clinical course and outcome. Data from hospitalized COVID-19 patients were retrieved from electronic medical record. Supervised k-means clustering of serial C-reactive protein levels (CRP), absolute neutrophil counts (ANC), and absolute lymphocyte counts (ALC) was used to assign immune responses to one of three groups. Then, relationships between patterns of inflammatory responses and clinical course and outcome of COVID-19 were assessed in a discovery and validation cohort. Unbiased clustering analysis grouped 105 patients of a discovery cohort into three distinct clusters. Cluster 1 (hyper-inflammatory immune response) was characterized by high CRP levels, high ANC, and low ALC, whereas Cluster 3 (hypo-inflammatory immune response) was associated with low CRP levels and normal ANC and ALC. Cluster 2 showed an intermediate pattern. All patients in Cluster 1 required oxygen support whilst 61% patients in Cluster 2 and no patient in Cluster 3 required supplementary oxygen. Two (13.3%) patients in Cluster 1 died, whereas no patient in Clusters 2 and 3 died. The results were confirmed in an independent validation cohort of 116 patients. We identified three different patterns of inflammatory immune response to COVID-19. Hyper-inflammatory immune responses with elevated CRP, neutrophilia, and lymphopenia are associated with a severe disease and a worse outcome. Therefore, targeting the hyper-inflammatory response might improve the clinical outcome of COVID-19.

scholarly journals Polymerized albumin restores impaired hemodynamics in endotoxemia and polymicrobial sepsis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald A. Belcher ◽  
Alexander T. Williams ◽  
Andre F. Palmer ◽  
Pedro Cabrales
Keyword(s):  
Septic Shock ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Fluid Resuscitation ◽  
Cecal Ligation ◽  
Vascular Wall ◽  
Polymicrobial Sepsis ◽  
Vascular Integrity ◽  
Fluid Extravasation ◽  
Inflammatory Immune Response ◽  
Polymerized Human Serum Albumin

AbstractFluid resuscitation following severe inflammation-induced hypoperfusion is critical for the restoration of hemodynamics and the prevention of multiorgan dysfunction syndrome during septic shock. Fluid resuscitation with commercially available crystalloid and colloid solutions only provides transient benefits, followed by fluid extravasation and tissue edema through the inflamed endothelium. The increased molecular weight (M.W.) of polymerized human serum albumin (PolyHSA) can limit fluid extravasation, leading to restoration of hemodynamics. In this prospective study, we evaluated how fluid resuscitation with PolyHSA impacts the hemodynamic and immune response in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced endotoxemia mouse model. Additionally, we evaluated fluid resuscitation with PolyHSA in a model of polymicrobial sepsis induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). Resuscitation with PolyHSA attenuated the immune response and improved the maintenance of systemic hemodynamics and restoration of microcirculatory hemodynamics. This decrease in inflammatory immune response and maintenance of vascular wall shear stress likely contributes to the maintenance of vascular integrity following fluid resuscitation with PolyHSA. The sustained restoration of perfusion, decrease in pro-inflammatory immune response, and improved vascular integrity that results from the high M.W. of PolyHSA indicates that a PolyHSA based solution is a potential resuscitation fluid for endotoxic and septic shock.

scholarly journals Inflammatory immune response in Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation recipients

JTCVS Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecilia Veraar ◽  
Matthias Koschutnik ◽  
Christian Nitsche ◽  
Maria Laggner ◽  
Dominika Polak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Aortic Valve ◽  
Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation ◽  
Transcatheter Aortic Valve ◽  
Inflammatory Immune Response ◽  
Aortic Valve Implantation ◽  
Valve Implantation

Association of interleukin-10 promoter polymorphisms with serofast state after syphilis treatment

2018 ◽  
Vol 95 (3) ◽  
pp. 163-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maciej Pastuszczak ◽  
Bogdan Jakiela ◽  
Anna Wojas-Pelc
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Interleukin 10 ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Serological Response ◽  
Promoter Polymorphisms ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Adequate Treatment ◽  
Early Syphilis ◽  
Inflammatory Immune Response ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

ObjectivesRecent studies suggested that upregulation of anti-inflammatory immune response during early syphilis may be associated with persistence of Treponema pallidum infection despite adequate treatment, resulting in a serofast state. The objective of this study was to determine whether enhanced interleukin (IL)-10-related response during early T. pallidum infection increased the risk of serofast syphilis.MethodsTwo IL10 gene promoter polymorphisms affecting IL-10 production (−1082A>G [rs1800896], −592C>A [rs1800872]) and serum levels of IL-10 were measured in 80 patients with early syphilis before and 6 months after penicillin treatment and in 24 healthy volunteers (control group).ResultsAfter 6 months, patients were stratified based on serological response into two groups: (1) serofast state (n = 28) and (2) serologically cured (n = 52). Pretreatment and post-treatment serum IL-10 levels were significantly higher in patients who remained serofast compared with those who had a serological cure (p<0.001). The GG genotype of the −1082A>G (rs1800896) polymorphism and the CC genotype of the −592C>A (rs1800872) polymorphism were significantly correlated with higher serum IL-10 levels. Moreover, the OR for remaining serofast for carriers of these genotypes was 16.2 (95% CI: 4.1 to 65.0, p<0.0001) and 2.9 (95% CI: 1.4 to 5.9, p=0.002), respectively.ConclusionsWe showed that a pronounced anti-inflammatory immune response may be an important predictor for the serofast state. Additionally, host-related factors such as polymorphisms of immune regulatory genes may influence the risk of remaining serofast after syphilis therapy.

scholarly journals Effects of Intravenous Injection ofPorphyromonas gingivalison Rabbit Inflammatory Immune Response and Atherosclerosis

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gengbing Lin ◽  
Shuai Chen ◽  
Lang Lei ◽  
Xiaoqing You ◽  
Min Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
P38 Mapk ◽  
Intravenous Injection ◽  
Blood Stream ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein 1 ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein ◽  
Inflammatory Immune Response

The effects of intravenous injection ofPorphyromonas gingivalis(Pg) on rabbit inflammatory immune response and atherosclerosis were evaluated by establishing a microamount Pg bacteremia model combined with high-fat diet. Twenty-four New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into Groups A-Dn=6. After 14 weeks, levels of inflammatory factors (C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1)) in peripheral blood were detected by ELISA. The aorta was subjected to HE staining. Local aortic expressions of toll-like receptor-2 (TLR-2), TLR-4, TNF-α, CRP, IL-6, matrix metallopeptidase-9, and MCP-1 were detected by real-time PCR, and those of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65, phospho-p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and phospho-c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) proteins were detected by Western blot. Intravenous injection of Pg to the bloodstream alone induced atherosclerotic changes and significantly increased systemic and local aortic expressions of inflammatory factors, NF-κB p65, phospho-p38-MAPK, and JNK, especially in Group D. Injection of microamount Pg induced inflammatory immune response and accelerated atherosclerosis, in which the NF-κB p65, p38-MAPK, and JNK signaling pathways played important roles. Intravenous injection of Pg is not the same as Pg from human periodontitis entering the blood stream. Therefore, our results cannot be extrapolated to human periodontitis.

scholarly journals Infections due to dysregulated immunity: an emerging complication of cancer immunotherapy

Thorax ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. thoraxjnl-2021-217260
Author(s):  
Tommaso Morelli ◽  
Kohei Fujita ◽  
Gil Redelman-Sidi ◽  
Paul T Elkington
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Cancer Immunotherapy ◽  
Immune Checkpoint ◽  
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Immunosuppressive Treatment ◽  
Common Side Effect ◽  
Inflammatory Immune Response ◽  
New Framework

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionised cancer treatment. However, immune-related adverse events (irAEs) are a common side effect which can mimic infection. Additionally, treatment of irAEs with corticosteroids and other immunosuppressant agents can lead to opportunistic infection, which we have classed as immunotherapy infections due to immunosuppression. However, emerging reports demonstrate that some infections can be precipitated by ICIs in the absence of immunosuppressive treatment, in contrast to the majority of reported cases. These infections are characterised by a dysregulated inflammatory immune response, and so we propose they are described as immunotherapy infections due to dysregulated immunity. This review summarises the rapidly emerging evidence of these phenomena and proposes a new framework for considering infection in the context of cancer immunotherapy.

Hypersensitivity pneumonitis

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-99
Author(s):  
S. N. Avdeev
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Clinical Picture ◽  
Lung Biopsy ◽  
Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis ◽  
Common Finding ◽  
High Resolution Computed Tomography ◽  
Air Trapping ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Inflammatory Immune Response ◽  
Lungs And Airways

Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) is an inflammatory disease of the lungs and airways that develops in response to repeated inhalation of a wide range of aerosol antigens. The clinical picture and course of HP are highly variable and depend on such factors as the nature of the antigen, the intensity and duration of exposure to the antigen, as well as on the characteristics of the patient's immune response. The annual incidence of HAP is 1.28 -1.94 cases per 100 000. Currently, the diagnosis of HP is usually based on the characteristic clinical picture, high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) data, bronchoscopy, lung biopsy, and evidence on the antigen. HRCT plays a central role in the diagnosis of HP. The most common finding on HRCT in HP is ground-glass opacities, which can be associated with centrilobular nodules and air trapping. In some cases, the fibrotic HP signs are very similar to those of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), and most changes are found in the lower regions and subpleurally. Therapy for HP usually includes avoiding exposure to the antigen, considering corticosteroids (CS) and/or immunosuppressive therapy to suppress the active inflammatory/immune response, and treating comorbidities. Nintedanib therapy in patients with progressive fibrotic HP results in a slower decline of lung function compared to placebo.

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