scholarly journals On the reconstruction of prehistoric social territories: The La Désirade lithic workshops and the distribution of La Désirade chert (French West Indies)

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maaike De Waal ◽  
Sebastiaan Knippenberg
Keyword(s):  
West Indies ◽  
Catchment Area ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Stone Tools ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Small Island ◽  
The South ◽  
French West Indies ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Procurement Strategy

The widespread presence of raw materials suitable for the production of stone tools on the south-eastern part of La Désirade, a small island east of Guadeloupe (French West Indies), is an interesting feature as these materials cannot be obtained on most of the neighbouring limestone islands. Small amounts of lithic off-site material have been found all over the south-eastern part of La Désirade, indicating that this area was incidentally used for the exploitation of local raw materials for the production of lithic artefacts. Concentrated and repeated activity, related to the exploitation of La Désirade chert, took place at four lithic workshops. This paper aims to reconstruct social and economic patterns, which may shed a light on prehistoric Amerindian territoriality and mobility, based on the exploitation and distribution of this local raw material. An inventory was made of sites where La Désirade chert was exploited and worked and of sites where this material showed up in the form of worked items. The La Désirade chert has been found in several prehistoric site assemblages outside La Désirade itself. However, it turns out to have a very restricted distribution, not exceeding 30 km distances from the raw material occurrences. The authors concluded that exploiting these sources may have been embedded in the general procurement strategy of the seafaring communities involved and that the observed distribution may demonstrate the extent of the territory of closely related communities that exploited a similar catchment area.

scholarly journals Anuran fauna of the Lesotho Highlands in the Khatse Dam catchment area and Jorodane River region

Koedoe ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
D.E. Van Dijk
Keyword(s):  
Catchment Area ◽  
Wide Spread ◽  
The South ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
South West ◽  
River Region ◽  
Probable Impact ◽  
Phase 1B ◽  
The One ◽  
Reproductive Cycles

Surveys were made of the anuran fauna of the Khatse Dam catchment area in the Lesotho Highlands, and of the region between the Central Mountains and the Thaba Putsoa Range which would be affected by Phase 1B of the Lesotho Highlands Water Scheme, if implemented. The Khatse Dam is at present filling. Seven species of anurans were encountered in the Khatse Dam catchment, and five of them also in the valley to the south-west. Four taxa occur all around central Lesotho, but one, the Gariep toad, has its south-eastern limit on the Drakensberg Escarpment, and another. Gray's frog, shows indications in Lesotho, as elsewhere, of being distinct from the typical taxon. Two taxa are endemic to the mountains of the Lesotho region, the one being more rheophilic and more wide-spread. The remaining anuran, previously unknown in Lesotho, is now recorded from the highly characteristic, strongly rheophilic tadpoles, as Heleophryne. The various available habitats and the associated anurans are reviewed. Features of the reproductive cycles, are noted. Dispersal and isolation are outlined. Reference is made to the most probable additions to the anuran fauna which further collecting might reveal. The probable impact of the Khatse Dam is discussed.

scholarly journals PHOSPHORITE ORES OF THE SOUTH URALS AS AN AGROCHEMICAL RAW MATERIAL: GEOLOGY, COMPOSITION, STATE OF KNOWLEDGE AND DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.K. Mustafin ◽  
◽  
A.V. Rasskazov ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Geological Structure ◽  
The State ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
South Urals ◽  
The South ◽  
Integrated Development ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Development Prospects

The state and prospects of development of phosphorite ore resources as agrochemical raw materials of the Russian Federation are analyzed. The geological structure, composition of ores and the prospects for forecasting, assessing and integrated development of phosphorite deposits of the South Ural phosphorite basin are characterized.

scholarly journals Variability of the Lithic Raw Material in the Upper and Late Palaeolithic sites in Southeastern Poland

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 11-21
Author(s):  
Dariusz Bobak ◽  
Marta Połtowicz-Bobak
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Stone Tool ◽  
Upper Palaeolithic ◽  
The South ◽  
Tool Manufacture ◽  
Western Ukraine ◽  
Later Phase ◽  
Late Palaeolithic ◽  
Lithic Raw Material

In terms of supply of good quality raw materials for stone tool manufacture, the area of southeastern Poland is rather poor. Considering research conducted so far, there are only few sites that can be the basis for analysis. Nevertheless, certain phenomena seem to be characteristic on sites in southeastern Poland in the later phase of the Upper Palaeolithic and in the Late Palaeolithic. There are usually more than one kind of raw material present. Apart from local erratic flint, imported Świeciechów (grey white-spotted) and ‘chocolate’ flint dominate. The presence of both Jurassic (areas near Cracow) and Volhynian flints are poorly recorded, whereas resources from the south are almost absent. These imported raw materials indicate the existence of particularly strong relations linking the areas of southeastern Poland with the Sandomierz Upland, and much weaker relationships with the territories of Lesser Poland and Western Ukraine

scholarly journals Clay Raw Material of Medieval Pontic Amphorae (to the Question about Production Areas)

2019 ◽  
pp. 47-60
Author(s):  
Evgeniy Sukhanov
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Southern Coast ◽  
Wide Spread ◽  
The South ◽  
Volga River ◽  
Ancient Trade ◽  
Production Areas ◽  
Geological Formations ◽  
Regions Of Russia

Introduction. Amphorae is a significant part of pottery from the early medieval sites of Pontic region. They are traditionally considered as important source for analyzing the chronology, directions and intensity of ancient trade links. The paper is devoted to comparative analysis of clay raw material used for making medieval pontic amphorae. These ceramic containers are wide spread in the sites of the 8th - 10th centuries in Crimea, Taman, the Don and the Volga river basins and in other areas. Methods and materials. Two groups of sources were investigated. The first group contains samples from 280 amphorae found on settlement sites of Saltovo-Mayaki times in the Middle and Lower Don basin. These samples have been сollected by the author in the museum funds of Southern regions of Russia. The second group is represented by samples of clay raw material from Southern part of Crimea where pontic amphorae production centers were located (the foothills and Southern coast). We used A.A. Bobrinsky’s method for determining different regions for digging of main plastic raw material by analyzing the ceramic under a stereoscopic microscope. Results. The main result of study is allocation of two kinds of raw materials which were used for pontic amphorae making (about 84 % of studied vessels). After comparing these raw material kinds with Crimean samples, their connection with different areas was clarified. These areas belong to different geological formations. The first area is in the South-Western Crimea, and the second area covers the Southern and South-Eastern Crimean coast, to the South of the ridge of the Crimean mountains. The conducted research allowed obtaining interesting data which need to be further proved by the methods of archaeometry.

scholarly journals Basic Principles of Selecting Stone Raw Materials in Tool Production in the Industry of Chagyrskaya Peshchera

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 53-61
Author(s):  
K. A. Kolobova ◽  
S. V. Markin ◽  
A. V. Shalagina ◽  
S. V. Schnaider ◽  
A. I. Krivoshapkin
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Stone Tools ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Stone Tool ◽  
Petrographic Analysis ◽  
Secondary Treatment ◽  
Work Skills ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Gorny Altai ◽  
High Degree

This article is devoted to Neanderthal adaptation strategies, whose study is becoming more and more relevant in recent years as a result of new discoveries demonstrating Neanderthal cognitive capabilities. Our perception of this subspecies of ancient hominins and of their work skills is changing in view of these discoveries. In this connection, investigation of easternmost Eurasian Neanderthals’ tool manufacturing processes, who produced stone tools in the absence of flint and with the raw materials available, is supposed to clarify researchers’ ideas about the strategies ensuring the Neanderthal subsistence. Purpose. We focuses on main trends in manufacturing stone tools developed by the Gorny Altai Neanderthals within the framework of the Sibiryachikha industry. Our research is based on attributive analysis within a technicaltypological method. We aimed at identifying technologically significant morphological and metric features of each item from the collection of stone tools found in Chagyrskaya Peshchera (Cave). In the article, we provide typological definitions for the stone tool blanks, identify variants of the tools’ secondary treatment and the number of such traces on the tool, describe the tools’ edges with retouch and give detailed information on the metric parameters of the tools and blanks. The results of the previously published petrographic analysis, which was conducted by N. A. Kulik, in combination with the attributive analysis of stone artifacts from the 6C/1, 2008 assemblage, indicate that there are four main types of raw materials which were mainly used by the Gorny Altai Neanderthals. Results. The greatest variety of raw materials was recorded in the category of blanks without secondary treatment. Among the tools, the greatest variety is demonstrated by tools that have minimal traces of secondary treatment, namely single scrapers and retouched flakes. There seems to be little diversity among double and convergent scrapers, for which zasuryan jasper were predominantly used. As for bifaces, we observe domination of the blanks made of the zasuryan jasper. Conclusion. Our research has confirmed that the basic principles of using raw materials by the Gorny Altai Neanderthals were the quality and availability of these materials. In general, high-quality stone raw materials were used for the production of well-modified tools, such as bifaces, convergent scrapers and retouched points. Such a selectivity of raw material identified for the items from our collection supports the hypothesis that explains a high degree of Neanderthal adaptation to the paleo-environment.

scholarly journals Artifactual Remains from the Kushek-4 Site in the South of Turgai Depression

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-66
Author(s):  
E. V. Podzuban
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Stone Tools ◽  
Morphological Parameters ◽  
The South ◽  
Late Neolithic ◽  
The Right ◽  
Late Mesolithic ◽  
Percentage Ratio ◽  
Independent Indicator

The present article features a collection of prehistoric artifacts obtained at the Kushek-4 site. The excavations were conducted along the right bank of the Uly-Zhylanshik river in the south of the Turgay in 2006. The stone tools collected from the surface underwent a technical and typological analysis, which made it possible to date the site. The main parameters of the technical and typological analysis included primary rock flakes, morphological parameters and size of the plates, percentage ratio of ingots and tools from plates and rock flakes, methods of secondary processing, and the typological composition of the tool kit. The nature of the raw materials was an independent indicator. The technical and typological indicators of the stone tools from the Kushek-4 site corresponded to the second group of monuments of the Turgay Depression with their rich Neolithic material. The stone tools were homogeneous and dated from the late Mesolithic to the late Neolithic.

From the Savannah to the Santee River

2018 ◽  
pp. 274-298
Author(s):  
Joseph E. Wilkinson
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Coastal Plain ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Stone Tools ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Alluvial Rivers ◽  
Early Archaic ◽  
Material Sources ◽  
Private Collections

Chapter 13 examines the evidence for Early Archaic use and settlement of the inter-riverine zone between the Savannah and the Santee Rivers, both of which are the major alluvial rivers on southern Coastal Plain of South Carolina. Heretofore little work has been done in this zone. Several large, private collections, forming a transect, are analyzed for diagnostic hafted bifaces – or various stone tools – including their raw materials. The entire Early Archaic tool kit is found in this zone, though with relatively low density sites. Based on raw material sources, a considerable going back and forth between these major rivers is indicated.

Raw Material Selection and Stone Tool Production: Limestone Bifaces in the Mopan Valley, Belize

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 198-204
Author(s):  
Rachel A. Horowitz ◽  
Bernadette Cap ◽  
Jason Yaeger ◽  
Meaghan Peuramaki-Brown ◽  
Mark Eli
Keyword(s):  
Material Selection ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Stone Tools ◽  
River Valley ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Stone Tool ◽  
Maya Lowlands ◽  
Belize River Valley ◽  
Raw Material Selection

Stone tool producers in the Maya Lowlands had several types of raw materials from which to choose. Limestone, chert, and obsidian are the most naturally abundant, whereas chert and obsidian outnumber limestone in archaeological contexts. The presence of flaked-stone tools made of limestone is typically attributed to the scarcity of more suitable raw materials. Nevertheless, in chert-rich areas, such as the upper Belize River valley, limestone bifaces and production debitage are present. To understand their presence, we examine limestone biface production and use at Buenavista del Cayo.

scholarly journals Organisation of procurement in wood supply chain: Improvement of possibilities in the South Morava Forest Area

2018 ◽  
pp. 97-118
Author(s):  
Dragan Nonic ◽  
Jelena Nedeljkovic ◽  
Dragan Mihajlovic ◽  
Nenad Rankovic ◽  
Branko Glavonjic
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Wood Products ◽  
Forest Area ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Public Enterprise ◽  
Business Success ◽  
The South ◽  
Private Forests ◽  
Procurement Process ◽  
Wood Processing

The procurement process is of great importance for the business success of the company. The effectiveness of a business depends to a great extent on the ability to use the environment in the procurement of resources necessary for functioning. The aim of the research is to identify the main problems in forest management in the South Morava Forest Area (SMFA), in the production and sales of beech roundwood, as well as to determinate the characteristics of the companies and the organization of the raw materials procurement process. The data were collected in the period 2014- 2017, by surveying 13 representatives of small and medium enterprises and 1 large company and interviewing 5 employees of Forest Estate ?Vranje? (Public enterprise ?Srbijasume?). The current situation in the SMFA is characterized by an unfavourable structure of beech coppice forests, inadequate forest openness and low wood mobilization from private forests. Analyzed companies are, mostly, micro and small (79.0%), founded (64.3%) less than 10 years ago, and 50% of them are engaged in sawmill and wood processing. All companies purchase and use beech technical roundwood. Wood raw material is purchased from the public and private sectors. Transport of raw materials is carried out through intermediaries (92.9%) and on ?bad? and ?very bad? (71.0%) infrastructure. However, the majority (92.9%) of them are ?partially satisfied? and ?satisfied? with the quantity and quality of delivered raw materials. There is a significant presence (86.0%) of enterprises, which, in addition to technical roundwood, procure and use other wood products (fibreboards and other reproduction materials) from suppliers from other regions. Based on the analysis of all collected data, places for improvement of wood raw materials procurement and the weaknesses of existing supply chains have been defined, as well as the proposals for improving the organization of the procurement of wood raw materials at SMFA.

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