scholarly journals Bio-Scouring of Cotton using Protease and Pectinase from Bacillus subtilis Isolated from Market Waste

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 3001-3006
Author(s):  
Chidiebere Anab-Atulomah ◽  
◽  
Ejikeme Nwachukwu ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Liquid Medium ◽  
Cotton Fabric ◽  
Submerged Fermentation ◽  
Cotton Fabrics ◽  
Maximum Weight ◽  
Textile Materials ◽  
Optimum Ph ◽  
Maximum Weight Loss

The bio-scouring of cotton using protease and pectinase produced from Bacillus subtilis was investigated. Protease and pectinase were produced from Bacillus subtilis in a liquid medium using the submerged fermentation technique. Both enzymes were purified, and their scouring potential was tested on raw cotton fabrics. Pectinase was more effective than protease under optimised conditions. The optimum scouring temperature for both enzymes was between 40 °C and 50 °C, with pectinase bio-scoured fabric showing 15.5% weight loss while protease bio-scoured fabric had 14.3% weight loss. The optimum pH for pectinase scouring was pH 9 with 14.8% weight loss in the fabric, while the optimum pH for protease scoured fabric was pH 7 with 12.3% weight loss in fabric. After 120 minutes of bio-scouring, maximum weight loss was recorded for both pectinase and protease treated fabrics. The application of protease and pectinase for cotton fabric scouring revealed that they could be used as bio-scouring agents to treat textile materials.

Thermal Analysis of Plastic Contained Decorative Materials under Different Oxygen Concentration

2012 ◽  
Vol 550-553 ◽  
pp. 2786-2790
Author(s):  
Zhen Zhao ◽  
Feng Liu ◽  
Qiang Zhang ◽  
Lei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Oxygen Concentration ◽  
Integral Method ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Order Reaction ◽  
Maximum Weight ◽  
Ignition Point ◽  
First Order ◽  
Maximum Weight Loss

The combustion characteristics of decorative materials were studied by thermal analysis. The experiments were performed in three kind of oxygen concentration (7%, 14%, 21%), the heating rate were 15°C/min and 30°C/min respectively. The ignition point and maximum weight loss rated were analyzed. Based on the Coats-Redfern integral method, the results show that the combustion process were first order reaction.

Effects of Catalysts on Pyrolysis of Chlorella

2012 ◽  
Vol 433-440 ◽  
pp. 161-165
Author(s):  
Gui Ju Li ◽  
Ru Yu Zhao ◽  
Li Ping Bai
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Loss Rate ◽  
Inorganic Compounds ◽  
Optimal Dosage ◽  
Maximum Weight ◽  
Weight Loss Rate ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Catalytic Effects ◽  
Derivative Thermogravimetry ◽  
Maximum Weight Loss

Sodium compounds, Na2CO3，Na2SO4，NaCl, have been investigated with regard to their catalytic effects on chlorella pyrolysis by thermal analysis experiments. The influence of catalyst categories and dosage on chlorella pyrolysis were studied by the comparison and analysis of the TG（thermogravimetry）and DTG(derivative thermogravimetry) curves derived from tests of differential thermal balance of untreated chlorelal and chlorella mixed with three inorganic compounds of certain scale.The results show that the catalytic effect of the sodium compounds follow Na2CO3>Na2SO4>NaCl, Catalysts of Na2SO4，NaCl decreased the maximum weight loss rates while Na2CO3 increased them. And all the three additives lowered the pyrolysis temperature of chlorella，of which Na2CO3 made the highest conversion of chlorella pyrolysis. As the dosage of carbonate increased, the pyrolysis temperatures decreases and the maximum weight loss rate increases, but the conversion rate of chlorella pyrolysis decreases, considering these two factors, 5%wt is chosen as the optimal dosage of the catalysts.

scholarly journals Patterns and Predictors of Weight Loss with Exenatide Treatment in Overweight and Obese Women

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jody Dushay ◽  
Eleftheria Maratos Flier ◽  
Robert E Gerzsten ◽  
Megan Rodgers ◽  
Brent Heineman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Placebo Group ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Metabolomic Analysis ◽  
Maximum Weight ◽  
Dietary Counseling ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Predictors Of Weight Loss ◽  
Maximum Weight Loss

AbstractIn the medical management of obesity, treating physicians observe significant heterogeneity in responses to pharmacotherapy. Indeed one of the most important clinical questions in obesity medicine is whether we can predict how an individual will respond to a particular pharmacotherapeutic agent. The present study examines patterns and predictors of weight loss among overweight and obese women who demonstrated early robust response to twice daily exenatide treatment.182 women were assigned using single-blind randomization to either treatment with twice daily exenatide injections or to matched placebo injections with dietary counseling. Women who demonstrated > 5% weight loss after 12 weeks of treatment were deemed high responders and remained on study treatment for up to 52 weeks; women who lost < 5% body weight at 12 weeks were deemed low responders and stopped study treatment. We additionally characterized individuals who lost > 10% of body weight as super responders. Our primary outcome was change in body weight; secondary outcomes included changes in metabolic parameters including lipids, waist circumference, resting energy expenditure, and response to a meal tolerance test. We also performed an exploratory metabolomic analysis.Consistent with published literature, we observed individual heterogeneity in the weight loss response to exenatide and diet/placebo. Although there was no significant difference between treatment groups in the percentage of participants who achieved > 5% weight loss (56% of exenatide group and 76% of diet/placebo group), or those who achieved > 10% weight loss (43% of exenatide group and 55% of diet/placebo group), in both cases there was a trend toward a higher response rate in the group that received placebo with dietary counseling. In addition to achieving similar average weight loss, both treatment groups also demonstrated similar maximum weight loss. The range of maximum weight loss was greater in the diet/placebo group and there was more weight regain among individuals in the exenatide group compared to the diet/placebo group. In our exploratory metabolomic analysis, we observed lower baseline circulating cysteine concentrations in the exenatide responder group and we also found a trend toward higher baseline levels of serotonin, aminoisobutyric acid, anandamide, and sarcosine in the exenatide super responder group. We did not identify any metabolic predictors of weight loss in either the exenatide or the diet/placebo treatment group.

scholarly journals Establishment of the regularities of the polymer cover influence on the wood bio destruction

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu. V. Tsapko ◽  
O. Yu. Horbachova ◽  
S. M. Mazurchuk
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Untreated Wood ◽  
Water Repellent ◽  
Maximum Weight ◽  
Polymer Shell ◽  
Wood Protection ◽  
Thermally Modified Wood ◽  
Wooden Structures ◽  
Modified Wood ◽  
Maximum Weight Loss

The process of wood biological destruction is analyzed. It was found that the neglect of environmentally friendly means of bioprotection, leads to the destruction of wooden structures under the action of microorganisms. It is established that the study of wood protection conditions leads to the creation of new types of protective materials that reduce water absorption, as well as reduce the amount of substances that are the environment for the development of wood-destroying fungi. In this regard, a computational and experimental method for determining the proportion of destroyed material under the action of microorganisms using an antiseptic has been developed. The analysis of the results shows that the maximum weight loss in the case of biodegradation of untreated wood samples ranged from 7,6 to 16 %, and the weight loss of thermally modified wood samples did not exceed 3 %, antiseptic-hydrophobicizer – was less than 2 %. It was found that the protection when treated with thermally modified wood with oil-wax and azure exceeds (compared to untreated) more than 4 times in terms of biodegradation, and treatment with antiseptic-water repellent for untreated oil-wax and azure – more than 8 times. It should be noted that the presence of oil-wax and azure leads to blockage of the wood surface from the penetration of moisture or microorganisms. Therefore, the intensity of wood-destroying fungus development on the surface of various samples are differed. Obviously, such a mechanism of the protective coating influence is the factor regulating the process, which preserves the integrity of the object. On the experimental data basis and by modeling the equations, the microorganisms population dynamics in the volume of material and the function of increasing the number of dead organisms are derived. Thus, a polymer shell was created on the surface of the sample, which significantly reduced the penetration of microorganisms into the wood, and the weight loss of wood during biodegradation did not exceed 2,5 %. Additional application of protective substances on the surface increases the protection level of untreated pine wood by 72 %, thermomodified at 190 °C – 25 %, at 220 °C – by 37 %. Similar results for hornbeam wood – 60; 37 and 28 %, for oak – 50; 37 and 37 % respectively.

scholarly journals Weight Loss during Calcination and Sintering Process of Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3–Bi1/2(Mg2/3Nb1/3)O3 Composite Lead-Free Piezoelectric Ceramics

Coatings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 676
Author(s):  
Syed Ali Afzal ◽  
Fayaz Hussain ◽  
Sajid Hussain Siyal ◽  
Muhammad Sufyan Javed ◽  
Muhammad Saleem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Sintering Temperature ◽  
Perovskite Phase ◽  
Minimum Weight ◽  
Processing Technique ◽  
Maximum Weight ◽  
Low Frequencies ◽  
Holding Period ◽  
Maximum Loss ◽  
Maximum Weight Loss

(1 − x)(Na0.5Bi0.5)TiO3–xBi(Mg2/3Nb1/3)O3 ceramics with x = 0.00 mol.% (0BMN), 0.01 mol.% (1BMN), 0.03 mol.% (3BMN), and 0.05 mol.% (5BMN) were synthesized using a solid-state processing technique. The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) of uncalcined samples up to 730 °C showed that the maximum weight loss was observed for 3BMN, whereas the minimum weight loss was attributed to the 0BMN sample. After that, calcination was performed at 800 °C for 4 h. The XRD of calcined samples showed the successful formation of the perovskite phase with no impurity phases. 1BMN and 3BMN samples showed some of the lattice strain; however, a morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) existed around x = 0.03 between the rhombohedral and tetragonal structure. The TGA of the green pellets showed weight loss up to the sintering temperature (1100 °C) and during the 3 h holding period. 5BMN showed the maximum weight loss up to sintering temperature, as well as during the holding period, whereas 0BMN displayed the minimum weight loss up to sintering temperature, as well as some weight gain during the holding period. The relative permittivity (εr) was maximum at low frequencies, but the addition of BMN improved the εr. The frequency dependence of dielectric loss (tanδ) showed that the maximum loss was observed for 3BMN at lower frequencies, and 5BMN showed the maximum loss at higher frequency among all samples.

scholarly journals Maternal Intravenous Fluids and Infant Weight

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin Hirth ◽  
Tina Weitkamp ◽  
Alok Dwivedi
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Intravenous Fluids ◽  
Maximum Weight ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Maximum Weight Loss

Healthcare providers typically use an infant’s weight loss in the first days of life as a measurement of effective feeding. Additional feeding volumes are often recommended when the infant reaches weight loss of seven to ten percent of their birth weight. This study examined the relationship of the amount of maternal intravenous fluids (IV) given during labor, and infant maximum weight loss during hospital admission. The method was a retrospective cross-sectional review of medical records for 186 healthy mothers and their infants who delivered at a Baby Friendly™ certified hospital in southwest Ohio. Maternal average IV mL per hour positively correlated with infant maximum weight loss.

Hot Air Ignition Characteristics of Cotton and Corn Straw Pellet Based on TG-DTG

2014 ◽  
Vol 672-674 ◽  
pp. 164-167
Author(s):  
Yong Zhang Cui ◽  
Yun Xia Qu ◽  
Ming Tian Tang ◽  
Peng Gao ◽  
Guo Kai Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Loss Rate ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Maximum Weight ◽  
Weight Loss Rate ◽  
Hot Air ◽  
Ignition Characteristics ◽  
Maximum Weight Loss

In this paper, using TG-DTG and single pellets hot air ignition experiment to study the hot air ignition characteristics of biomass forming granule, analyzes the hot air temperature, velocity, flow rate of its influence on ignition performance. It was found that the weight loss rate of surface material significantly higher than the center materials of the pellet at different heating rates through the experiment, and lignin pyrolysis accelerated leading to substantially coincide of hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin pyrolysis, With the increase of air temperature, maximum weight loss rate increased, the pellet heating rate accelerated, sped up the pellet ignition, the ignition temperature should be above 500°C. As the increase of gas flow, the weight loss of corn stalks is reduced after increased first, little change in the final weight loss. Weight loss rate is decreased first and then increased. The maximum weight loss rate is essentially the same at low flow, but the maximum weight loss rate reduced and the time extension after more than 50ml/min.

TG-FTIR Analysis of Three Crop Straws Pyrolysis

2013 ◽  
Vol 805-806 ◽  
pp. 260-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deng Xiang Ji ◽  
Li Cui ◽  
Ning Ai ◽  
Jia Feng Sheng ◽  
Ming Hui Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Heating Rate ◽  
Temperature Shift ◽  
Infrared Spectrometry ◽  
Maximum Weight ◽  
Thermogravimetric Analyzer ◽  
Maize Straw ◽  
Maximum Weight Loss ◽  
Sorghum Straw

The influence of heating rate on pyrolysis characteristic and the products evolution performance of sorghum straw, maize straw and cotton straw had been investigated by thermogravimetric analyzer coupled with Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (TG-FTIR), and distributed activation energy model (DAEM) was employed to calculate the kinetic parameters. The results show that with the increasing heating rate, the initial pyrolysis temperature and the maximum weight loss temperature shift to high temperature zone, the maximum weight loss rate increases, and the pyrolysis peak of hemicellulose starts to appear. The pyrolysis characteristic parameters of three crop straws were different because of their physical, chemical characteristics and structure characteristics. The activation energy E of sorghum straw, maize straw and cotton straw is 150~223kJ/mol, 141~217kJ/mol and 155~242kJ/mol, while the corresponding pre-exponent factor distributes between 1013and 1019s-1, between 1013and 1017s-1, and between 1014and 1020s-1,respectively. The main pyrolysis products of three crop straws are H2O, CO2, CO, CH4, formic acid and phenol. The research provides certain theoretical reference for energy regeneration utilization of straw biomass.

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