scholarly journals Evaluation of Total Lean and Saleable Meat Yield Prediction Equations and Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry for a Rapid, Non-Invasive Yield Prediction in Beef

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 104-104
Author(s):  
O. Lopez-Campos ◽  
I. L. Larsen ◽  
N. Prieto ◽  
M. Juarez ◽  
M. E. R. Dugan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dual Energy ◽  
Yield Prediction ◽  
Prediction Equations ◽  
Meat Yield ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Non Invasive

scholarly journals Accuracy of predicting chemical body composition of growing pigs using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Kasper ◽  
Patrick Schlegel ◽  
Isabel Ruiz-Ascacibar ◽  
Peter Stoll ◽  
Giuseppe Bee
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Chemical Analyses ◽  
Prediction Equations ◽  
Animal Science ◽  
X Ray

AbstractStudies in animal science assessing nutrient and energy efficiency or determining nutrient requirements necessitate gathering exact measurements of body composition or body nutrient contents. Wet chemical analysis methods or standardized dissection are commonly applied, but both are destructive. Harnessing human medical imaging techniques for animal science can enable repeated measurements of individuals over time and reduce the number of individuals required for research. Among imaging techniques, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is particularly promising. However, the measurements obtained with DXA do not perfectly match dissections or chemical analyses, requiring the adjustment of the DXA via calibration equations. Several calibration regressions have been published, but comparative studies are pending. Thus, it is currently not clear whether existing regression equations can be directly used to convert DXA measurements into chemical values or whether each individual DXA device will require its own calibration. Our study builds prediction equations that relate body composition to the content of single nutrients in growing entire male pigs (body weight range 20-100 kg) as determined by both DXA and chemical analyses, with R2 ranging between 0.89 for ash and 0.99 for water and crude protein. Moreover, we show that the chemical composition of the empty body can be satisfactorily determined by DXA scans of carcasses, with the prediction error rCV ranging between 4.3% for crude protein and 12.6% for ash. Finally, we compare existing prediction equations for pigs of a similar range of body weights with the equations derived from our DXA measurements and evaluate their fit with our chemical analyses data. We found that existing equations for absolute contents that were built using the same DXA beam technology predicted our data more precisely than equations based on different technologies and percentages of fat and lean mass. This indicates that the creation of generic regression equations that yield reliable estimates of body composition in pigs of different growth stages, sexes and genetic breeds could be achievable in the near future. DXA may be a promising tool for high-throughput phenotyping for genetic studies, because it efficiently measures body composition in a large number and wide array of animals.

Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and chemical composition as measures of body composition of the short-beaked echidna (Tachyglossus aculeatus aculeatus)

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
P. A. LeeHong ◽  
X. Li ◽  
W. L. Bryden ◽  
L. C. Ward
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Accuracy Of Measurement ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Assess Body Composition ◽  
Tachyglossus Aculeatus

Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is a non-invasive technology for measurement of body composition that requires validation against reference methods when applied to a new species. The aim of this work was to validate DXA for the assessment of body composition of the echidna. Body composition was determined in the short-beaked echidna (Tachyglossus aculeatus aculeatus) using a Norland XR36 DXA scanner and validated by proximate chemical analysis for dry matter, ash, crude fat (FM) and protein (as 6.25 × N) and bone mineral content (BMC). Echidnas were opportunistically obtained as ‘road kill’. Body composition data were compared between techniques by correlation and limits of agreement (LOA) analyses. Twenty-eight echidnas (11 males, 13 females, 4 not determined), weighing 520–5517 g, underwent analyses. Mean FM was 489.9 ± 439.5 g and 448.5 ± 337.5 g, lean mass was 2276.0 ± 1021.4 g and 2256.0 ± 1026.0 g, fat-free mass was 2356.3 ± 1055.1 g and 2389.5 ± 1081.1 g and BMC was 80.3 ± 39.5 g and 79.9 ± 42.4 g by DXA and chemical analysis, respectively. The two methods were highly correlated (0.84 to 0.99) and not significantly different, although LOA were large. DXA has the potential to be used to assess body composition of echidnas although further work is required to improve accuracy of measurement.

scholarly journals Measuring body condition of lizards: a comparison between non-invasive dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, chemical fat extraction and calculated indices

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guy Sion ◽  
Maggie J. Watson ◽  
Amos Bouskila
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Ecological Studies ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Fat Extraction

Abstract Background Condition indices (CIs) are used in ecological studies as a way of measuring an individual animal’s health and fitness. Noninvasive CIs are estimations of a relative score of fat content or rely on a ratio of body mass compared to some measure of size, usually a linear dimension such as tarsus or snout-vent length. CIs are generally measured invasively by lethal fat extraction as in a seasonal sample of individuals in a population. Many alternatives to lethal fat extraction are costly or time consuming. As an alternative, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) allows for non-destructive analysis of body composition and enables multiple measurements during an animal's life time. DXA has never been used for ecological studies in a small, free-ranging lizard before, therefore we calibrated this method against a chemical extraction of fat from a sample of 6 geckos (Israeli fan toed gecko Ptyodactylus guttatus) ranging in body mass between 4.2–11.5 g. Results We found that fat mass measured with DXA was significantly correlated with the mass of chemically extracted fat for specimens more than 4.8 g (N = 5, R2 = 0.995, P < 0.001). Fat percentage regressed with body mass significantly predicted the DXA fat percentage (N = 30, R2adj.=0.875, P < 0.001). Live wet mass was significantly correlated with calculated fat mass (N = 30, R2 = 0.984, P < 0.001) for specimens more than 4.8 g. Among the other calculated non-invasive CIs that we tested, the best was mass/SVL (provide N, correlation coeff and p value). Conclusions We recommend that in situations where DXA cannot be used, that the most accurate of the body condition estimators for both males and females in this species is mass/SVL (snout-vent length) for both sexes.

scholarly journals Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry is a reliable non-invasive technique for determining whole body composition of chickens

2019 ◽  
Vol 98 (6) ◽  
pp. 2652-2661
Author(s):  
S. Schallier ◽  
C. Li ◽  
J. Lesuisse ◽  
G.P.J. Janssens ◽  
N. Everaert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Invasive Technique ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Non Invasive

scholarly journals Measuring body condition of lizards: a comparison between non-invasive dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, chemical fat extraction and calculated indices

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guy Sion ◽  
Maggie J. Watson ◽  
Amos Bouskila
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Ecological Studies ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Fat Extraction

Abstract Background Condition indices (CIs) are used in ecological studies as a way of measuring an individual animal’s health and fitness. Noninvasive CIs are estimations of a relative score of fat content or rely on a ratio of body mass compared to some measure of size, usually a linear dimension such as tarsus or snout-vent length. CIs are generally validated invasively by lethal fat extraction as in a seasonal sample of individuals in a population. Many alternatives to lethal fat extraction are costly or time consuming. As an alternative, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) allows for non-destructive analysis of body composition and enables multiple measurements during an animal’s life time. DXA has never been used for ecological studies in a small, free-ranging lizard before, therefore we calibrated this method against a chemical extraction of fat from a sample of 6 geckos (Israeli fan toed gecko Ptyodactylus guttatus) ranging in body mass between 4.2–11.5 g. We then  used this calibrated  DXA measurements to determine the best linear measurement calculated CI for this species. Results We found that fat mass measured with DXA was significantly correlated with the mass of chemically extracted fat for specimens more than 4.8 g (N = 5, R2 = 0.995, P < 0.001). Fat percentage regressed with body mass significantly predicted the DXA fat percentage (N = 29, R2adj. = 0.862, p < 0.001). Live wet mass was significantly correlated with predicted fat mass (N = 30, R2 = 0.984, P < 0.001) for specimens more than 4.8 g. Among the five calculated non-invasive CIs that we tested, the best was mass/SVL. Conclusions We recommend that in situations where DXA cannot be used, that the most accurate of the body condition estimators for  this species is mass/SVL (snout-vent length) for both sexes.

scholarly journals Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry for the measurement of gross body composition in rats

1996 ◽  
Vol 75 (6) ◽  
pp. 803-809 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan A. Jebb ◽  
Stephen W Garland ◽  
Graham Jennings ◽  
Marinos Elia
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Small Animal ◽  
Direct Analysis ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
Invasive Technique ◽  
Small Animals ◽  
Limits Of Agreement ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Non Invasive

Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is a novel, non-invasive technique for the measurement of gross body composition in small animals. In the present study the absolute accuracy of the Hologic QDR-lOOOW scanner was assessed by comparison with direct analysis in twelve rats with a range of body fat and bone mineral content (BMC) values. Fat masses measured by DXA and petroleumether extraction were significantly different (P<0·0023). The DXA technique consistently overestimated fat mass by approximately one third of the measured fatcontent. BMC derived from the measurement of Ca in asb gave a mean of 8·26 (range 1·57–15·71)g. BMC measured by DXA was not significantly different for the group as a whole. However, there was a trend for DXA to overestimate BMC in animals with low BMC and underestimate in those with higher BMC, compared with direct analysis, such that the 95% limits of agreement for the two techniques were +2·73 to −2·58g. These results suggest that the present small-animal software developed for use with currently available Hologic machines does not give an accurate measure of gross body composition compared with the results from classical direct analysis.

scholarly journals Head, Neck, Trunk, and Pelvis Tissue Mass Predictions for Older Adults using Anthropometric Measures and Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Charles A.J. Kahelin ◽  
Nicole C. George ◽  
Danielle L. Gyemi ◽  
David M. Andrews
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Prediction Equations ◽  
Tissue Mass ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Recreational Activities ◽  
Biomechanical Models ◽  
Head Neck

Background: Regression equations using anthropometric measurements to predict soft (fat mass [FM], lean mass [LM], wobbling mass [WM]) and rigid (bone mineral content [BMC]) tissue masses of the extremities and core body segments have been developed for younger adults (16-35 years), but not older adults (36-65 years). Tissue mass estimates such as these would facilitate biomechanical modeling and analyses of older adults following fall or collision-related impacts that might occur during sport and recreational activities. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to expand on the previously established tissue mass prediction equations of the head, neck, trunk, and pelvis for healthy, younger adults by generating a comparable set of equations for an older adult population. Methods: A generation sample (38 males, 38 females) was used to create head, neck, trunk, and pelvis tissue mass prediction equations via multiple linear stepwise regression. A validation sample (13 males, 12 females) was used to assess equation accuracy; actual tissue masses were acquired from manually segmented full body Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry scans. Results: Adjusted R2 values for the prediction equations ranged from 0.326 to 0.949, where BMC equations showed the lowest explained variances overall. Mean relative errors between actual and predicted masses ranged from –2.6% to 6.1% for trunk LM and FM, respectively. All actual tissue masses except head BMC (R2 = 0.092) were significantly correlated to those predicted from the equations (R2 = 0.403 to 0.963). Conclusion: This research provides a simple and effective method for predicting head, neck, trunk, and pelvis tissue masses in older adults that can be incorporated into biomechanical models for analyzing sport and recreational activities. Future work with this population should aim to improve core segment BMC predictions and develop equations for the extremities.

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