scholarly journals Nix Pro Color Sensor Provides Comparable Color Measurements to Hunterlab Colorimeter

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Schelkopf ◽  
J. Swenson ◽  
A. Hess ◽  
K. E. Belk ◽  
M. N. Nair
Keyword(s):  
Meat Color ◽  
Limits Of Agreement ◽  
B Values ◽  
Additional Resource ◽  
Color Sensor ◽  
Color Measurements ◽  
Standard Observer ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Beef Color

ObjectivesMeat color is the most important quality attribute that influences consumer purchase decisions. Monitoring color to maximize shelf life and consumer acceptability is routinely used in meat science research. The HunterLab MiniScan EZ (HunterLab) colorimeter is the widely used industry standard for objectively measuring meat color. This device can collect tristimulus values of CIE L* (lightness), a* (redness), and b* (yellowness) for color measurements based on the light reflectance from the meat surface. While the HunterLab colorimeter serves as an accurate measure of meat color, it is relatively expensive and bulky. The Nix Pro Color Sensor (Nix) colorimeter is a less expensive and smaller handheld device that can capture the CIE L*, a*, b* values which can be downloaded to a smartphone app. However, limited research has been performed to compare the efficiency of these colorimeters for measuring beef color. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the capabilities of the Nix colorimeter as an additional resource for objective fresh beef color measurements.Materials and MethodsThe longissimus dorsi muscle from one side of A maturity beef carcasses (n = 200) were evaluated using the HunterLab and Nix colorimeters. Carcasses were allowed approximately 1 h to bloom after being ribbed (between the 12th and 13th rib) prior to color measurements. Three (technical replicate) scans were obtained using the HunterLab colorimeter (illuminant A and 10° standard observer) and the mean readings were recorded. A series of independent technical replication (3, 5, 7, and 9) scans were obtained using the Nix colorimeter with illuminant A and 10° standard observer as well. The differences in color measurements between colorimeters were analyzed by using the Bland Altman Limits of Agreement and CORR (correlation) procedure of SAS with α < 0.05.ResultsCorrelation between the HunterLab and Nix was highest for a* value (redness) with 3 scans (r = 0.85, P < 0.01), followed by 7, 5, and 9 scans (r = 0.84, 0.82, and 0.82, respectively; P < 0.01). Additionally, L* values (lightness) were highly correlated for all the scanning series (r = 0.79–0.81; P < 0.01). Similar to a* values, 3 scans with the Nix for b* values (yellowness) demonstrated the best correlation with HunterLab (r = 0.83; P < 0.01), whereas the 5, 7, and 9 scans were still highly correlated (r = 0.79–0.82; P < 0.01). The Bland Altman Limits of Agreement analysis indicated that the mean difference in a* values using 3 scans of both colorimeters was –1.68, whereas it was –0.91 for L* values and 0.25 for b* values. Moreover, the analysis indicated good agreement between the Nix and the Hunterlab colorimeters for all the color parameters.ConclusionThree replicate scans using the Nix was highly correlated with color measurements using the HunterLab colorimeter and can serve as an acceptable additional resource for objectively measuring beef color. The Nix provides an opportunity for a less expensive, more mobile, and multipurpose device. Although these colorimeters are not equivalent, the Nix could be an adequate method for objective beef color measurements and is comparable to the HunterLab.

Correlation between Cepheid GeneXpert and Abbott M2000 assays for HIV viral load measurements

2021 ◽  
pp. 095646242097560
Author(s):  
Kaveh Manavi ◽  
James Hodson ◽  
Sindiso Masuka ◽  
Mebie Singo ◽  
Katie Dedicoat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Continuous Variable ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Limits Of Agreement ◽  
Hiv Viral Load ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
Living With Hiv

Measurement of HIV viral load (VL) is the best indicator of success of antiretroviral therapy. We investigated the correlation between results by the Cepheid GeneXpert and a standard of care VL assay (Abbott M2000). This was a prospective study of people living with HIV who attended the department for routine VL measurement with the Abbott M2000. Consenting patients agreed to provide one extra blood sample for VL measurement with the Cepheid GeneXpert assay. One hundred patients consented to participate in the study. There were 18 patients with VL ≥ 40 copies/mL and 75 patients with VL < 40 copies on both assays. The two assays had 93% agreement, with a kappa of 0.79 ( p < 0.001). Treating VL as a continuous variable found measurements to be significantly higher on the Cepheid GeneXpert assay than the Abbott ( p = 0.002). Analysis of samples with VL ≥ 40 copies/mL on either assay ( n = 25) found the mean difference between the two assays to be 0.31 log10 copies/mL (95% limits of agreement: −0.63, 1.25). Whilst the measurements on the two assays are relatively highly correlated, there is a clear bias, with the Cepheid GeneXpert tending to give higher VL values.

Detection of Circulating Tissue Factor and Factor VII in a Normal Population

1996 ◽  
Vol 75 (05) ◽  
pp. 772-777 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sybille Albrecht ◽  
Matthias Kotzsch ◽  
Gabriele Siegert ◽  
Thomas Luther ◽  
Heinz Großmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Factor ◽  
Normal Population ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Factor Vii ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
And Gender

SummaryThe plasma tissue factor (TF) concentration was correlated to factor VII concentration (FVIIag) and factor VII activity (FVIIc) in 498 healthy volunteers ranging in age from 17 to 64 years. Immunoassays using monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were developed for the determination of TF and FVIIag in plasma. The mAbs and the test systems were characterized. The mean value of the TF concentration was 172 ± 135 pg/ml. TF showed no age- and gender-related differences. For the total population, FVIIc, determined by a clotting test, was 110 ± 15% and the factor VIlag was 0.77 ± 0.19 μg/ml. FVII activity was significantly increased with age, whereas the concentration demonstrated no correlation to age in this population. FVII concentration is highly correlated with the activity as measured by clotting assay using rabbit thromboplastin. The ratio between FVIIc and FVIIag was not age-dependent, but demonstrated a significant difference between men and women. Between TF and FVII we could not detect a correlation.

scholarly journals Scotopic thresholds on dark-adapted chromatic perimetry in healthy aging and age-related macular degeneration

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manjot Kaur Grewal ◽  
Shruti Chandra ◽  
Alan Bird ◽  
Glen Jeffery ◽  
Sobha Sivaprasad
Keyword(s):  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Rod Function ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Effect Of Age

AbstractTo evaluate the effect of aging, intra- and intersession repeatability and regional scotopic sensitivities in healthy and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) eyes. Intra- and intersession agreement and effect of age was measured in healthy individuals. The mean sensitivity (MS) and pointwise retinal sensitivities (PWS) within the central 24° with 505 nm (cyan) and 625 nm (red) stimuli were evaluated in 50 individuals (11 healthy and 39 AMD eyes). The overall intra- and intersession had excellent reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient, ICC > 0.90) and tests were highly correlated (Spearman rs = 0.75–0.86). Eyes with subretinal drusenoid deposit (SDD) had reduced PWS centrally, particularly at inferior and nasal retinal locations compared with controls and intermediate AMD (iAMD) without SDD. There was no difference in MS or PWS at any retinal location between iAMD without SDD and healthy individuals nor between iAMD with SDD and non-foveal atrophic AMD groups. Eyes with SDD have reduced rod function compared to iAMD without SDD and healthy eyes, but similar to eyes with non-foveal atrophy. Our results highlight rod dysfunction is not directly correlated with drusen load and SDD location.

Elemental content of mast cell granules measured by X-ray microanalysis of rat thymic tissue sections

1986 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.D. Kendall ◽  
A. Warley
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cell ◽  
Mast Cells ◽  
Elemental Content ◽  
Thymic Tissue ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Tissue Sections ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
The Individual

Mast cell granules were examined by fully quantitative X-ray microanalysis of 20 cells in freeze-dried cryosections. The mast cells were situated mainly in the connective tissue of the thymic capsule of five adult male Carworth Sprague Europe rats. In addition 30 red blood cells were analysed from the same sections. Nineteen of the mast cells had granules rich in S and K. One cell had smaller granules, and in this cell the granules contained high [Ca] and [P] instead of high [S] and [K]. In the majority of cells (13) the S:K ratio was highly correlated and less than 2.2, whereas in the remaining six cells the individual granule ratios were very variable in any one cell and much higher. The mean granule [K] (994 +/− 57 mmol kg-1 dry wt) was about four times the mean cytoplasmic level of 227 +/− 81 mmol kg-1 dry wt. The existence of this difference in concentration between the granules and the cytoplasm suggests that the K in the granules must be bound. The relationship between the [K] and [S] is discussed with regard to the possible binding of heparin and amines in the granules.

Peak calf blood flow estimates are higher with Dohn than with Whitney plethysmograph

1996 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 1418-1422 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. N. Proctor ◽  
J. R. Halliwill ◽  
P. H. Shen ◽  
N. E. Vlahakis ◽  
M. J. Joyner
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Reactive Hyperemia ◽  
Arterial Occlusion ◽  
Venous Occlusion ◽  
Calf Blood Flow ◽  
Absolute Flow ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Highly Correlated

Estimates of calf blood flow with venous occlusion plethysmography vary widely between studies, perhaps due to the use of different plethysmographs. Consequently, we compared calf blood flow estimates at rest and during reactive hyperemia in eight healthy subjects (four men and four women) with two commonly used plethysmographs: the mercury-in-silastic (Whitney) strain gauge and Dohn air-filled cuff. To minimize technical variability, flow estimates were compared with a Whitney gauge and a Dohn cuff on opposite calves before and after 10 min of bilateral femoral arterial occlusion. To account for any differences between limbs, a second trial was conducted in which the plethysmographs were switched. Resting flows did not differ between the plethysmographs (P = 0.096), but a trend toward lower values with the Whitney was apparent. Peak flows averaged 37% lower with the Whitney (27.8 +/- 2.8 ml.dl-1.min-1) than with the Dohn plethysmograph (44.4 +/- 2.8 ml.dl-1.min-1; P < 0.05). Peak flow expressed as a multiple above baseline was also lower with the Whitney (10-fold) than with the Dohn plethysmograph (14.5-fold; P = 0.02). Across all flows at rest and during reactive hyperemia, estimates were highly correlated between the plethysmographs in all subjects (r2 = 0.96-0.99). However, the mean slope for the Whitney-Dohn relationship was only 60 +/- 2%, indicating that over a wide range of flows the Whitney gauge estimate was 40% lower than that for the Dohn cuff. These results demonstrate that the same qualitative results can be obtained with either plethysmograph but that absolute flow values will generally be lower with Whitney gauges.

Relation of blood-free to blood-inclusive postmortem lung water measurements in sheep

1985 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 592-596 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Collins ◽  
J. H. Newman ◽  
N. E. Wickersham ◽  
W. K. Vaughn ◽  
J. R. Snapper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extravascular Lung Water ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Lung Homogenate ◽  
Lung Water ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Space Expansion ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Linear Regressions ◽  
Better Than

Our purpose was to see if the postmortem weight ratio of extravascular lung water to blood-free dry lung (blood-free ratio) was related to similar ratios in blood-inclusive lung and in blood. We developed linear regressions of blood-free ratio on ratios for blood-inclusive lung and blood together and for blood-inclusive lung alone for 73 sheep studied under 11 different protocols and for two subgroups of sheep, one with plasma space expansion and the other without expansion. The relation of ratios of blood-free to blood-inclusive lungs was different between the two subgroups. Although all regressions were highly correlated, the fits of the blood-free ratio on ratios for blood-inclusive lung and blood together were better than for blood-inclusive lung alone. The mean error of prediction of extravascular lung water for all sheep was significantly less for the regression of blood-free ratio on ratios for blood and blood-inclusive lung together (11 g) than for blood-inclusive lung alone (18 g). This study shows that weights of lung homogenate and blood samples before and after simple oven drying can be used to provide accurate inexpensive estimates of postmortem extravascular lung water.

scholarly journals A comparison of animal color measurements using a commercially available digital color sensor and photograph analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 601-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex D Potash ◽  
Daniel U Greene ◽  
Gabrielle A Foursa ◽  
Verity L Mathis ◽  
L Mike Conner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Color ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Human Vision ◽  
Light Spectrum ◽  
Small Aperture ◽  
Animal Coloration ◽  
Color Sensor ◽  
Color Measurements ◽  
Measuring Tool ◽  
Reliable Methods

Abstract An animal’s pelage, feather, or skin color can serve a variety of functions, so it is important to have multiple standardized methods for measuring color. One of the most common and reliable methods for measuring animal coloration is the use of standardized digital photographs of animals. New technology in the form of a commercially available handheld digital color sensor could provide an alternative to photography-based animal color measurements. To determine whether a digital color sensor could be used to measure animal coloration, we tested the ability of a digital color sensor to measure coloration of mammalian, avian, and lepidopteran museums specimens. We compared results from the sensor to measurements taken using traditional photography methods. Our study yielded significant differences between photography-based and digital color sensor measurements of brightness (light to dark) and colors along the green to red spectrum. There was no difference between photographs and the digital color sensor measurements for colors along the blue to yellow spectrum. The average difference in recorded color (ΔE) by the 2 methods was above the threshold at which humans can perceive a difference. There were significant correlations between the sensor and photographs for all measurements indicating that the sensor is an effective animal coloration measuring tool. However, the sensor’s small aperture and narrow light spectrum range designed for human-vision limit its value for ecological research. We discuss the conditions in which a digital color sensor can be an effective tool for measuring animal coloration in both laboratory settings and in the field.

scholarly journals Length-weight relationships and condition factor of Hyperopisus bebe (Lacepede, 1803) (Actinopterygii: Osteoglossiformes) in River Galma, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
pp. 301-305
Author(s):  
Matouke M. Moise
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Body ◽  
Growth Pattern ◽  
Condition Factor ◽  
Allometric Growth ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
B Values ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Poor Water Quality ◽  
The Mean

The investigation of length-weight relationship and condition factor are very relevant indices to ascertain the health of fish in the water body. Length-weigh relationship and condition factor of Hyperopisus bebe (Lacepede, 1803) (Actinopterygii: Osteoglossiformes: Mormyridae) in River Galma, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria, were assessed. The mean length and mean weigh in male and female were 26.703 cm +/- 0.51 cm and 25.32 cm +/- 0.898 cm; 158.2 g +/- 10.1 g and 95.91 g +/- 9.26 g, respectively. The exponent or growth pattern 'b' values for male and female were 2.009 and 2.176. The condition factor for male and female were 0.59 and 0.83, respectively. The negative allometric growth pattern and poor condition factor might be due to the poor water quality in the fish ecosystem and should be regarded with concern.

scholarly journals Length-Weight Relationships and Condition Factors of Three Tilapine Species in an Abandoned Gold Mine Reservoir, Igun, Southwestern Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-209
Author(s):  
Oluwadamilare E. OBAYEMI ◽  
Olusola O. KOMOLAFE ◽  
Oluwakemi V. OKUNOLA ◽  
Sakirat T. ASAFA ◽  
Mary A. AYOADE
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Condition Factor ◽  
Gold Mine ◽  
Southwestern Nigeria ◽  
Monthly Basis ◽  
B Values ◽  
Total Length ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Sarotherodon Galilaeus

This study investigated the length-weight relationships and condition factors of three fish species in an abandoned gold mine reservoir. The fishes were caught on monthly basis between August 2015 and July 2016 using gill nets and traps. The results showed that Coptodon zillii, Oreochromis niloticus and Sarotherodon galilaeus had a mean total length and mean weight of 15.52±4.64 cm and 95.80±66.27 g; 15.27±4.18 cm and 89.54±63.20 g; 15.57±4.80 cm and 102.0±85.81 g respectively. Also, the mean condition factor obtained for the fish species are 2.24±0.52 in C. zillii; 2.26±0.62 in O. niloticus and 2.27±0.46 in S. galilaeus. Similarly, the slope (b) values and correlation coefficient for the three fish species are 2.018 and 0.969 for C. zillii; 1.977 and 0.926 for O. niloticus and 2.436 and 0.965 for S. galilaeus. Furthermore, the total length, weight and condition factor between C. zillii, O. niloticus and S. galilaeus differ significantly (p>0.05). The study concluded that despite being an abandoned gold mine reservoir, the environment is well suitable for the fishes.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Inter-System Variability in Liver Stiffness Measurements

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (01) ◽  
pp. 64-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanna Ferraioli ◽  
Annalisa De Silvestri ◽  
Raffaella Lissandrin ◽  
Laura Maiocchi ◽  
Carmine Tinelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shear Wave ◽  
Liver Stiffness ◽  
Shear Wave Elastography ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Observer Agreement ◽  
Concordance Correlation ◽  
Limits Of Agreement ◽  
Inter Observer Variability ◽  
System Variability ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Aim The primary aim of this study was to determine the inter-system variability of liver stiffness measurements (LSMs) in patients with varying degrees of liver stiffness. The secondary aim was to determine the inter-observer variability of measurements. Materials and Methods 21 individuals affected by chronic hepatitis C and 5 healthy individuals were prospectively enrolled. The assessment of LSMs was performed using six ultrasound (US) systems, four of which with point shear wave elastography (p-SWE) and two with 2 D shear wave elastography (2D-SWE) systems. The Fibroscan (Echosens, France) was used as the reference standard. Four observers performed the measurements in pairs (A-B, C-D). The agreement between different observers or methods was calculated using Lin’s concordance correlation coefficient. The Bland-Altman limits of agreement (LOA) were calculated as well. Results There was agreement above 0.80 for all pairs of systems. The mean difference between the values of the systems with 2D-SWE technique was 1.54 kPa, whereas the maximum mean difference between the values of three out of four systems with the pSWE technique was 0.79 kPa. The intra-patient concordance for all systems was 0.89 (95 % CI: 0.83 – 0.94). Inter-observer agreement was 0.96 (95 % CI: 0.94 – 0.98) for the pair of observers A-B and 0.93 (95 % CI: 0.89 – 0.96) for the pair of observers C-D. Conclusion The results of this study show that the agreement between LSMs performed with different US systems is good to excellent and the overall inter-observer agreement in “ideal conditions” is above 0.90 in expert hands.

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