scholarly journals Effect of Diet on Bloom Time of Beef

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Insausti ◽  
M. J. Colle ◽  
P. D. Bass ◽  
I. Goenaga ◽  
O. Urrutia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Energy ◽  
Color Measurement ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Northern Spain ◽  
Longissimus Dorsi Muscle ◽  
European Guidelines ◽  
Color Differences ◽  
Typical Period ◽  
H 26 ◽  
The Moment

ObjectivesThe objective of the study was to assess the evolution of the bloom color in beef aged for 8 d to establish the moment of measurement in which values of L*, a* and b* stabilize and are representative of the characteristic color of the meat from beef fed different diets.Materials and MethodsIn the current study, eight young Pirenaica bulls were used. The bulls were born and reared on a private commercial Protected Denomination Origin (PDO)-approved farm located in the region of Navarra (Northern Spain). After weaning at approximately 4 mo of age, the calves were administered the same diet until month 12. The bulls were separated in two groups and each of group was fed a different energy level diet (High energy, H: 2914.2 kcal/kg vs. Low energy, L: 2548.4kcal/kg) until slaughter at 18 mo of age. Diet was based on barley (H: 26% vs. L: 22%), corn (H: 50% vs. L: 45%) and soja (H: 17% and L: 17%). The research was conducted under the highest standards of humane care and use of animals in accordance with European guidelines (EU). Longissimus dorsi muscle was removed after 24 h. post-mortem from the left side of the carcasses, pH was measured, and the meat was transported to the Meat Science Laboratory at the Public University of Navarra (Pamplona, Spain) under refrigeration. Steaks were aged in vacuum for 8 d post-mortem, which is the typical period for this type of meat under the PDO Ternera de Navarra. After aging, L*, a*, and b*were recorded every 3 min (5 repetitions per sample) for 102 min with a Minolta CM 2002 Spectrophotocolorimeter. Data were analyzed using the Linear General Model procedure with the IBM SPSS Statistics 24, and significance was determined at P < 0.05.ResultsThe pH values were 5.56 (H) and 5.50 (L) (P < 0.05) thus, no DFD meat was observed. Color differed depending on diet (L*H: 28.88 vs. L*L: 34.26, P < 0.01; a*H: 26.33 vs. a*L: 18.11, P < 0.001; b*H: 11.58 vs. b*L: 7.94, P < 0.001) even if the initial pigment content was not statistically different (H: 5.34 mg/g vs. L: 4.74 g/g; P = 0.107). In fact, beef from the H diet showed higher a* and b* values, and lower L* values than beef from the L diet (P < 0.05). Nonetheless, the time of stabilization for a practical color measurement did not differ between diets.ConclusionIn conclusion, despite the effect of diet on the initial beef color differences, the results of the current study showed that 15 min of meat exposure to oxygen is the minimum in either cases prior to taking measurements of color on beef aged 8 d.

The effect of slaughter handling system on pig welfare and meat quality

1992 ◽  
Vol 1992 ◽  
pp. 59-59
Author(s):  
C.M Weeding ◽  
E.J. Hunter ◽  
H.J. Guise ◽  
R.H.C. Penny
Keyword(s):  
Meat Quality ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Longissimus Dorsi ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Handling System ◽  
Longissimus Dorsi Muscle ◽  
Single File ◽  
Dorsi Muscle ◽  
Muscle Ph

Pigs from 4 farms were slaughtered at 2 abattoirs, each with 2 slaughter handling systems. Pigs at abattoir 1 were electrically stunned, either in a floor pen holding 5 pigs or a race restrainer. A straight race 1m wide led to the floor pen. A stepped collection pen and single file race led to the race restrainer. At abattoir 2 a single file curved race led to a floor pen with electrical stunning and a circular collection pen led to a double race and dip-lift C02 stunner. Each replicate involved 2 farms sending 50 pigs to each abattoir. There were 16 replicates (3200 pigs). Stun system had a significant effect on the development of early rigor, muscle pH, muscle colour and skin blemish (GLM Analysis of Variance). At abattoir 1, pigs slaughtered through the race restrainer had a greater tendency to develop early rigor and more skin blemish. Pigs slaughtered through the race restrainer also had lower pH in the m. longissimus dorsi at both initial and ultimate readings post mortem. In general, pH readings were higher than would be expected in the pig m. longissimus dorsi. Muscle reflectance was higher in the m. longissimus dorsi of pigs slaughtered through the race restrainer at both initial and ultimate readings. Significant differences between means at abattoir 1 (two-sample t-tests) are contained in Table 1. At abattoir 2, the floor pen produced carcases with a greater tendency to develop early rigor and more skin blemish. There were no significant differences in muscle pH or colour. Significant differences between means at abattoir 2 (two-sample t-tests) are contained in Table 2.

Investigation of Fatigue Crack Propagation in Nickel Superalloy Using Diffraction Contrast Tomography and Phase Contrast Tomography

2014 ◽  
Vol 891-892 ◽  
pp. 923-928 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivier M.D.M. Messé ◽  
Joel Lachambre ◽  
Andrew King ◽  
Jean Yves Buffière ◽  
Cathie M.F. Rae
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Crack ◽  
Crack Propagation ◽  
Fatigue Crack Propagation ◽  
Phase Contrast ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Short Crack ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Diffraction Contrast ◽  
Phase Contrast Tomography

Evaluation of superalloy component life in turbine engines requires a detailed understanding of how fatigue crack initiation and short crack propagation contribute to fatigue life. However most investigations have been carried out post-mortem and in two dimensions. New techniques are able to fully resolve cracks propagating in four dimensions (space and time), enabling characterisation of their local environments and allowing a much deeper understanding of fatigue mechanics. Nickel-based superalloys experiencing high cycle fatigue have shown a high sensitivity to microstructure during initiation and short crack propagation. Using high energy X-rays and the combination of Diffraction Contrast Tomography (DCT) and Phase Contrast Tomography (PCT), we followed a fatigue crack initiated from a Focused Ion Beam (FIB) milled notch at room temperature. Analyses have been carried out to fully characterise the crack and its environment. We tracked the evolution of the crack and interactions with the microstructure. Subsequently, post-mortem investigations have been carried out to corroborate results obtained from the tomographs and to provide more local information of fatigue crack propagation.

Note. Visual and Instrumental Color Evaluation in Red Wines

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 439-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Martínez ◽  
M. Melgosa ◽  
M. M. Pérez ◽  
E. Hita ◽  
A. I. Negueruela
Keyword(s):  
Color Difference ◽  
Red Wines ◽  
Preliminary Estimate ◽  
Northern Spain ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Instrumental Color ◽  
A Value ◽  
Normal Color Vision ◽  
Color Differences ◽  
Path Lengths

The color of 15 red wines from several wineries within the renowned wine-producing region Rioja (Northern Spain) was measured by spectrophotometric and spectroradiometric techniques and was visually assessed in a pair-comparison experiment by a panel of 10 experienced observers having normal color vision. Correlation between instrumental color measurements made by spectrophotometric and spectroradiometric techniques was very low, as expected from major differences in the experimental conditions employed (different illumination, path lengths and glass effects). Spectroradiometric measurements at the center of the wine sampler and at positions displaced 1 cm in the horizontal and vertical directions were quite different, mainly because of an increase of the lightness L*, the average color differences between them being high (3.5 and 2.6 CIELAB units, respectively). A 50% acceptance percentage resulted for a color difference of 2.8 CIELAB units, using a reference anchor-pair of wine samples with 4.0 CIELAB units. Thus, a value around 3.0 CIELAB units should be considered a preliminary estimate of the acceptable tolerance by the human eye for red wines poured in standard wine samplers.

Post-mortem Changes in the Colour of Pig Longissimus Dorsi Muscle

Nature ◽  
1963 ◽  
Vol 198 (4880) ◽  
pp. 584-585 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. V. McLOUGHLIN ◽  
G. GOLDSPINK
Keyword(s):  
Longissimus Dorsi ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Longissimus Dorsi Muscle ◽  
Dorsi Muscle

Improving the weathering on larch wood samples by electron beam irradiation (EBI)

Holzforschung ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 679-683 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Schnabel ◽  
Hermann Huber
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Electron Beam Irradiation ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Color Measurement ◽  
Beam Irradiation ◽  
Artificial Weathering ◽  
Larch Wood ◽  
Modification Process ◽  
Fundamental Research ◽  
Energy Irradiation

Abstract High-energy irradiation of a biogenic polymer is of interest from different perspectives, as this type of modification process may beneficially influence various functional and structural properties of wood. This study deals with the influence of electron beam irradiation (EBI) on the artificial weathering behavior of larch wood. The results of color measurement and infrared spectra show different effects of the EBI at dosages of 1 and 30 kGy during weathering tests. The results may provide a helpful basis for further fundamental research to improve weathering of wood by EBI.

Theoretical and experimental behaviour of a hybrid semi-rigid glulam beam-to-column connection with top and seat angles

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 2057-2069
Author(s):  
Haotian Tao ◽  
Min Mao ◽  
Huifeng Yang ◽  
Weiqing Liu
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Cyclic Load ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Glulam Beam ◽  
Energy Dissipation Capacity ◽  
The Moment ◽  
High Energy Dissipation ◽  
Reversed Cyclic ◽  
Theoretical Results

This article proposes to use the bolted top and seat angles to provide excellent moment resistance and high energy dissipation capacity for glulam beam-to-column connection. Angles are anchored on the glulam beam using the glued-in steel plate technology and connected to the column by anchorage bolts. A theoretical model is presented in this article to evaluate the moment-resistant properties of the connection based on the component method. To validate the accuracy of the theoretical model, several hybrid connections are tested under monotonic and reversed cyclic load. The test results showed that the proposed hybrid connection has a high rotational stiffness and excellent moment resistance. The theoretical results are also consistent with those of the experimental model.

The optimization of color-prediction models for colored cotton fiber yarns

2019 ◽  
Vol 89 (19-20) ◽  
pp. 4007-4014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liu Yang ◽  
Jing Bai ◽  
Ruiyun Zhang ◽  
Yi Ding ◽  
Feng Ji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prediction Models ◽  
Color Difference ◽  
Color Measurement ◽  
Target Color ◽  
Color Matching ◽  
Average Color ◽  
Color Differences ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Colored Cotton ◽  
Color Prediction

Color matching is necessary in the manufacture of colored fiber yarns, and its accuracy is one of the main goals in computer-aided color matching. A limited number of pre-colored fibers are blended to match the target color through predicted recipes. Of the color-prediction models applied in computer-aided color matching, two common ones, Stearns-Noechel and Friele, were selected to be modified to improve the color-prediction accuracy in this paper. The models were modified in three ways, in which the pending parameters in the models were determined through statistical analysis depending on median, wavelength, and components; thus, the Stearns-Noechel model was modified to Stearns-Noechel 1, Stearns-Noechel 2, and Stearns-Noechel 3, and the Friele model was modified to Friele 1, Friele 2, and Friele 3. The six modified models were affirmed through 261 colored fiber yarns prepared from five primary cotton fibers, including two-, three-, four-, and five-primary blends. The prediction results of 261 samples showed that Stearns-Noechel 3 had the highest accuracy among the modified Stearns-Noechel models, especially for four-primary blends with an average color difference of 0.50 Color Measurement Committee (CMC) (2:1) units, whereas Friele 1 had the highest accuracy among the modified Friele models, especially for five-primary blends with an average color difference of 0.46 CMC (2:1) units. These results indicate the modified model Stearns-Noechel 3 can be used in color prediction when there are fewer than five yarn components, and Friele 1 can be used for five components with lower color differences that better meet color-matching requirements in practical production.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document