scholarly journals Mosquito RNAi is the major innate immune pathway controlling arbovirus infection and transmission

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 265-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol D Blair
Keyword(s):  
Innate Immune ◽  
Arbovirus Infection ◽  
Immune Pathway ◽  
Innate Immune Pathway

scholarly journals Role of the Inflammasome, IL-1β, and IL-18 in Bacterial Infections

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 2037-2050 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manoranjan Sahoo ◽  
Ivonne Ceballos-Olvera ◽  
Laura del Barrio ◽  
Fabio Re
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Host Responses ◽  
Inflammasome Activation ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Molecular Aspects ◽  
Immune Pathway ◽  
Innate Immune Pathway ◽  
Receptor Family

The inflammasome is an important innate immune pathway that regulates at least two host responses protective against infections: (1) secretion of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1βand IL-18 and (2) induction of pyroptosis, a form of cell death. Inflammasomes, of which different types have been identified, are multiprotein complexes containing pattern recognition receptors belonging to the Nod-like receptor family or the PYHIN family and the protease caspase-1. The molecular aspects involved in the activation of different inflammasomes by various pathogens are being rapidly elucidated, and their role during infections is being characterized. Production of IL-1βand IL-18 and induction of pyroptosis of the infected cell have been shown to be protective against many infectious agents. Here, we review the recent literature concerning inflammasome activation in the context of bacterial infections and identify important questions to be answered in the future.

scholarly journals Brevinin-2 Drug Family—New Applied Peptide Candidates Against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Their Effects on Lys-7 Expression of Innate Immune Pathway DAF-2/DAF-16 in Caenorhabditis elegans

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 2627
Author(s):  
Hui Xie ◽  
Yonghua Zhan ◽  
Xueli Chen ◽  
Qi Zeng ◽  
Dan Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Antimicrobial Peptides ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
New Drug ◽  
Immune Pathway ◽  
Innate Immune Pathway

The issue of Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) developing a resistance to drugs such as methicillin has long been the focus for new drug development. In recent years, antimicrobial peptides, such as small molecular peptides with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity and special antibacterial mechanism, have shown a strong medicinal potential. In particular, the Brevinin-2 family has been shown to have a significant inhibitory effect against gram-positive bacteria (G+). In this study, we researched the influence of MRSA on the behavior and survival rate of nematodes. We established an assay of Caenorhabditis elegans–MRSA antimicrobial peptides to screen for new potent anti-infective peptides against MRSA. From the Brevinin-2 family, 13 peptides that had shown strong effects on G+ were screened for their ability to prolong the lifespan of infected worms. Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) tests were used to evaluate the effect on the innate immune pathway dauer formation defective (DAF)-2/DAF-16 of C. elegans. The assay successfully screened and filtered out four of the 13 peptides that significantly improved the survival rate of MRSA-infected worms. The result of real-time PCR indicated that the mRNA and protein expression levels of lys-7 were consistently upregulated by being treated with four of the Brevinin-2 family. The Brevinin-2 family peptides, including Brevinin-2, Brevinin-2-OA3, Brevinin-2ISb, and Brevinin-2TSa, also played an active role in the DAF-2/DAF-16 pathway in C. elegans. We successfully demonstrated the utility of anti-infective peptides that prolong the survival rate of the MRSA-infected host and discovered the relationship between antibacterial peptides and the innate immune system of C. elegans. We demonstrated the antimicrobial effects of Brevinin-2 family peptides, indicating their potential for use as new drug candidates against MRSA infections.

scholarly journals Human Cytomegalovirus UL138 Protein Inhibits the STING Pathway and Reduces Interferon Beta mRNA Accumulation during Lytic and Latent Infections

mBio ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily R. Albright ◽  
Clayton K. Mickelson ◽  
Robert F. Kalejta
Keyword(s):  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Interferon Beta ◽  
Viral Latency ◽  
Arms Race ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Mrna Accumulation ◽  
Immune Pathway ◽  
Sting Pathway ◽  
Innate Immune Pathway

While a cellular restriction versus viral countermeasure arms race between innate immunity and viral latency is expected, few examples have been documented. Our identification of the first HCMV latency protein that inactivates the cGAS/STING/TBK1 innate immune pathway opens the door to understanding how innate immunity, or its neutralization, impacts long-term persistence by HCMV and other latent viruses.

scholarly journals Research progress of miRNA regulation of innate immune pathway

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (10) ◽  
pp. 1025-1035
Author(s):  
XiangLong WU ◽  
HongYan GUO ◽  
RenYong JIA
Keyword(s):  
Innate Immune ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Mirna Regulation ◽  
Immune Pathway ◽  
Innate Immune Pathway

scholarly journals New Twist on an Ancient Innate Immune Pathway

Immunity ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 1000-1002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephane Lajoie ◽  
Marsha Wills-Karp
Keyword(s):  
Innate Immune ◽  
Immune Pathway ◽  
Innate Immune Pathway

scholarly journals Direct and Indirect Induction by 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3of the NOD2/CARD15-Defensin β2 Innate Immune Pathway Defective in Crohn Disease

2009 ◽  
Vol 285 (4) ◽  
pp. 2227-2231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tian-Tian Wang ◽  
Basel Dabbas ◽  
David Laperriere ◽  
Ari J. Bitton ◽  
Hafid Soualhine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crohn Disease ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Immune Pathway ◽  
Innate Immune Pathway
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