Developmental plasticity and epigenetic mechanisms underpinning metabolic and cardiovascular diseases

Epigenomics ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 279-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felicia M Low ◽  
Peter D Gluckman ◽  
Mark A Hanson
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Developmental Plasticity ◽  
Epigenetic Mechanisms

scholarly journals Molecular and epigenetic mechanisms of the involvement of redox-homeostasis genes in the development of various cardiovascular diseases

2020 ◽  
pp. 66-68
Author(s):  
О.Ю. Бушуева ◽  
Е.М. Барышева ◽  
А.В. Марков ◽  
Ю.А. Королёва ◽  
Е.О. Чуркин ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Redox Homeostasis ◽  
Molecular Genetic Analysis ◽  
Cerebral Stroke ◽  
Epigenetic Mechanisms ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Central Russia

В исследование были включены 1814 пациентов с артериальной гипертензией, ишемической болезнью сердца, мозговым инсультом и сочетанием этих заболеваний и 885 здоровых индивидов из Центральной России. Проведен молекулярно-генетический анализ 18 полиморфных вариантов генов редокс-гомеостаза (Р-Г) и анализ метилирования 4 генов Р-Г. Обсуждаются молекулярно-генетические и эпигенетические механизмы вовлеченности генов Р-Г в формирование распространенных сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний и их коморбидных форм. A total of 1814 patients with arterial hypertension, coronary heart disease, cerebral stroke and a combination of these diseases and 885 healthy individuals from Central Russia were recruited for the study. Molecular genetic analysis of 18 polymorphisms of redox homeostasis (R-H) genes and analysis of methylation of 4 R-H genes were carried out. Molecular-genetic and epigenetic mechanisms of the involvement of R-H genes in the development of common cardiovascular diseases and their comorbid forms are discussed.

scholarly journals Epigenetic Mechanisms Underlying Developmental Plasticity in Horned Beetles

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Valena ◽  
Armin P. Moczek
Keyword(s):  
Epigenetic Regulation ◽  
Developmental Plasticity ◽  
Biological Significance ◽  
Model System ◽  
Developmental Genetics ◽  
Epigenetic Mechanisms ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Horned Beetle ◽  
Compare And Contrast ◽  
Horned Beetles

All developmental plasticity arises through epigenetic mechanisms. In this paper we focus on the nature, origins, and consequences of these mechanisms with a focus on horned beetles, an emerging model system in evolutionary developmental genetics. Specifically, we introduce the biological significance of developmental plasticity and summarize the most important facets of horned beetle biology. We then compare and contrast the epigenetic regulation of plasticity in horned beetles to that of other organisms and discuss how epigenetic mechanisms have facilitated innovation and diversification within and among taxa. We close by highlighting opportunities for future studies on the epigenetic regulation of plastic development in these and other organisms.

Epigenetic mechanisms that underpin metabolic and cardiovascular diseases

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
pp. 401-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter D. Gluckman ◽  
Mark A. Hanson ◽  
Tatjana Buklijas ◽  
Felicia M. Low ◽  
Alan S. Beedle
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Epigenetic Mechanisms

scholarly journals Examining the epigenetic mechanisms of childhood adversity and sensitive periods: a gene set-based approach

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiwen Zhu ◽  
Alexandre A Lussier ◽  
Andrew D.A.C. Smith ◽  
Andrew J. Simpkin ◽  
Matthew J. Suderman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle Childhood ◽  
Developmental Plasticity ◽  
Childhood Adversity ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Sensitive Period ◽  
Epigenetic Mechanisms ◽  
Early Life Adversity ◽  
Linear Discriminant ◽  
Gene Set ◽  
Sensitive Periods

Background: Sensitive periods are developmental stages of heightened plasticity when exposure to childhood adversity may exert lasting impacts. A few biological pathways are known to play key roles in regulating sensitive period plasticity across brain development. Epigenetic mechanisms including DNA methylation (DNAm) may provide a means through which life experiences during sensitive periods induce long-term biological changes. In the current study, we investigated the possibility that adversity during sensitive periods led to DNAm changes in genes that regulate the timing and duration of sensitive periods in development. Methods: Using childhood adversity data and genome-wide DNAm profiles from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (n=785), we summarized DNAm variation of CpG sites in the promoters of genes regulating sensitive periods with the first two principal components (PCs). DNAm summaries were calculated for genes regulating sensitive period opening (ngenes=15), closing (ngenes=36), and expression/duration (ngenes=8). We then performed linear discriminant analysis to test associations between these DNAm summaries and the timing of exposure to seven types of adversity. Results: Sexual or physical abuse and financial hardship during middle childhood (6-7 years) were associated with DNAm of genes regulating the onset and duration of sensitive periods. Sensitivity analyses assessing the presence of any exposure before age 7 and a composite measure of adversity yielded fewer signals, highlighting the importance of accounting for timing and adversity type. Conclusions: With our novel gene set-based approach, we have uncovered suggestive evidence that epigenetic regulation of developmental plasticity may be affected by early life adversity. The complementarity of our gene-level view of the epigenome to the more common and granular epigenome-wide association study may yield novel mechanistic insights not only for adversity but also for other exposures and outcomes.

Inflammageing in the cardiovascular system: mechanisms, emerging targets, and novel therapeutic strategies

2020 ◽  
Vol 134 (17) ◽  
pp. 2243-2262
Author(s):  
Danlin Liu ◽  
Gavin Richardson ◽  
Fehmi M. Benli ◽  
Catherine Park ◽  
João V. de Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Nlrp3 Inflammasome ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Molecular Targets ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Cardiovascular Research ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
Ach Receptors

Abstract In the elderly population, pathological inflammation has been associated with ageing-associated diseases. The term ‘inflammageing’, which was used for the first time by Franceschi and co-workers in 2000, is associated with the chronic, low-grade, subclinical inflammatory processes coupled to biological ageing. The source of these inflammatory processes is debated. The senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) has been proposed as the main origin of inflammageing. The SASP is characterised by the release of inflammatory cytokines, elevated activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, altered regulation of acetylcholine (ACh) nicotinic receptors, and abnormal NAD+ metabolism. Therefore, SASP may be ‘druggable’ by small molecule therapeutics targeting those emerging molecular targets. It has been shown that inflammageing is a hallmark of various cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis, hypertension, and adverse cardiac remodelling. Therefore, the pathomechanism involving SASP activation via the NLRP3 inflammasome; modulation of NLRP3 via α7 nicotinic ACh receptors; and modulation by senolytics targeting other proteins have gained a lot of interest within cardiovascular research and drug development communities. In this review, which offers a unique view from both clinical and preclinical target-based drug discovery perspectives, we have focused on cardiovascular inflammageing and its molecular mechanisms. We have outlined the mechanistic links between inflammageing, SASP, interleukin (IL)-1β, NLRP3 inflammasome, nicotinic ACh receptors, and molecular targets of senolytic drugs in the context of cardiovascular diseases. We have addressed the ‘druggability’ of NLRP3 and nicotinic α7 receptors by small molecules, as these proteins represent novel and exciting targets for therapeutic interventions targeting inflammageing in the cardiovascular system and beyond.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document