Risk of coronary heart disease and chronic respiratory diseases among former smokers

2013 ◽  
pp. 6-22
Author(s):  
Wael K Al-Delaimy
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Chronic Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Former Smokers

scholarly journals Impact of secondhand smoke exposure in former smokers on their subsequent risk of coronary heart disease: evidence from the population-based cohort of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. e2020009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masoumeh Sadeghi ◽  
Maryam S. Daneshpour ◽  
Soheila Khodakarim ◽  
Amir Abbas Momenan ◽  
Mahdi Akbarzadeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Smoking Intensity ◽  
Chd Risk ◽  
Median Period ◽  
Former Smokers ◽  
Never Smokers

OBJECTIVES: Cigarette smoking is an established, strong, and modifiable risk factor for coronary heart disease (CHD). However, little research has investigated CHD risk in former smokers who continue to be exposed to others’ cigarette smoke (former & secondhand smokers).METHODS: In the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study, a prospective population-based cohort (n=20,069) was followed up for a median period of 14.6 years. A subset of 8,050 participants of 30 years of age and older was analyzed, with first CHD events as the study outcome. Participants were categorized as never, former, current, secondhand, and former & secondhand smokers. Data on smoking intensity (cigarette/d) were also collected. A Cox proportional hazards regression model was applied to estimate the risk of CHD, taking into account the main potential confounders.RESULTS: The mean age of participants was 46.10 ±11.38 years, and they experienced 1,118 first CHD events (with most CHD cases in former smokers) during the follow-up period. The risk of CHD was highest in current smokers, followed in order by former & secondhand, former, and secondhand smokers (hazard ratio [HR], 1.99; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.65 to 2.39; HR, 1.55; 95% CI, 1.15 to 2.08; HR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.12 to 1.72; HR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.07 to 1.51, respectively), compared to never smokers. The risk of CHD increased with smoking intensity, which has been proposed as a preferable measure of smoking, indicating a dose-response pattern.CONCLUSIONS: The elevated risk of CHD in former & secondhand smokers was a noteworthy finding, with possible implications for health policy; however, further research is needed.

scholarly journals Influence of concomitant diseases on health resort treatment in patients with coronary heart disease

2015 ◽  
Vol 96 (5) ◽  
pp. 744-748
Author(s):  
A R Agasiev
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Additional Treatment ◽  
Health Resort ◽  
Treatment Methods ◽  
Chronic Comorbidities

Aim. To study the influence of concomitant diseases on health resort treatment of patients with coronary heart disease in recreation period. Methods. The study performed in «Bilgah» cardiologic resort, which applies the standards of health resort treatment. General sample included 3421 patients with confirmed diagnosis of «coronary heart disease». Patients were grouped according to the number of concomitant diseases (0, 1, 2, 3 or more). In each group, the frequency of prescribing the certain treatment methods was determined. Results. The vast majority (94.5±0.4%) of patients with coronary heart disease had one or more associated chronic diseases. The proportion of patients with 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or more chronic diseases was 60.3±0.8; 13.7±0.6; 6.0±0.4; 5.5±0.4; 5.1±0.4 and 0.3±3.9% respectively. In addition to the main disease, a patient had 1.77 compensated chronic diseases in average. There were 56.4±0.85 cases of arterial hypertension, 29.7±0.78 cases of respiratory diseases, 26.8±0.76 cases of gastrointestinal diseases (excluding dental and other diseases of the oral cavity), 23.7±0.73 cases of genitourinary diseases, 18.6±0.66 cases of musculoskeletal system diseases, 9.2±0.49 cases of diabetes on average in 100 patients. In 100 patients with coronary heart disease and 1, 2, 3-4, 5 or more chronic comorbidities were administered 474.8, 524.5, 542.4 and 617.7 treatment methods, respectively. Conclusion. In patients with coronary heart disease, comorbidities are often identified, requiring administration of additional treatment methods, indicating that polymorbidity is an objective reason for the increased volume of medical services at health resort treatment.

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