New drugs under development for Alzheimer’s disease

2012 ◽  
pp. 58-67
Author(s):  
Lezanne Ooi ◽  
Kirubakaran Shanmugam ◽  
Mili Patel ◽  
Rachel Debono ◽  
Gerald Münch
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
New Drugs

Natural Anti-inflammatory compounds as Drug candidates in Alzheimer’s disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reyaz Hassan Mir ◽  
Abdul Jalil Shah ◽  
Roohi Mohi-ud-din ◽  
Faheem Hyder Potoo ◽  
Mohd. Akbar Dar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Natural Products ◽  
Protective Action ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Huperzine A ◽  
Brain Disorder ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative brain disorder characterized by memory impairment, dementia, oxidative stress in elderly people. Currently, only a few drugs are available in the market with various adverse effects. So to develop new drugs with protective action against the disease, research is turning to the identification of plant products as a remedy. Natural compounds with anti-inflammatory activity could be good candidates for developing effective therapeutic strategies. Phytochemicals including Curcumin, Resveratrol, Quercetin, Huperzine-A, Rosmarinic acid, genistein, obovatol, and Oxyresvertarol were reported molecules for the treatment of AD. Several alkaloids such as galantamine, oridonin, glaucocalyxin B, tetrandrine, berberine, anatabine have been shown anti-inflammatory effects in AD models in vitro as well as in-vivo. In conclusion, natural products from plants represent interesting candidates for the treatment of AD. This review highlights the potential of specific compounds from natural products along with their synthetic derivatives to counteract AD in the CNS.

[18F]-florbetaben PET/CT Imaging in the Alzheimer’s Disease Mouse Model APPswe/PS1dE9

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Stenzel ◽  
C. Rühlmann ◽  
T. Lindner ◽  
S. Polei ◽  
S. Teipel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Imaging Data ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Preclinical Research ◽  
Standardized Uptake Values ◽  
Pet Ct

Background: Positron-emission-tomography (PET) using 18F labeled florbetaben allows noninvasive in vivo-assessment of amyloid-beta (Aβ), a pathological hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In preclinical research, [<sup>18</sup>F]-florbetaben-PET has already been used to test the amyloid-lowering potential of new drugs, both in humans and in transgenic models of cerebral amyloidosis. The aim of this study was to characterize the spatial pattern of cerebral uptake of [<sup>18</sup>F]-florbetaben in the APPswe/ PS1dE9 mouse model of AD in comparison to histologically determined number and size of cerebral Aβ plaques. Methods: Both, APPswe/PS1dE9 and wild type mice at an age of 12 months were investigated by smallanimal PET/CT after intravenous injection of [<sup>18</sup>F]-florbetaben. High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging data were used for quantification of the PET data by volume of interest analysis. The standardized uptake values (SUVs) of [<sup>18</sup>F]-florbetaben in vivo as well as post mortem cerebral Aβ plaque load in cortex, hippocampus and cerebellum were analyzed. Results: Visual inspection and SUVs revealed an increased cerebral uptake of [<sup>18</sup>F]-florbetaben in APPswe/ PS1dE9 mice compared with wild type mice especially in the cortex, the hippocampus and the cerebellum. However, SUV ratios (SUVRs) relative to cerebellum revealed only significant differences in the hippocampus between the APPswe/PS1dE9 and wild type mice but not in cortex; this differential effect may reflect the lower plaque area in the cortex than in the hippocampus as found in the histological analysis. Conclusion: The findings suggest that histopathological characteristics of Aβ plaque size and spatial distribution can be depicted in vivo using [<sup>18</sup>F]-florbetaben in the APPswe/PS1dE9 mouse model.

Neuroimaging in Alzheimer’s Disease

2013 ◽  
pp. 427-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hidenao Fukuyama
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Posterior Part ◽  
Lewy Body Disease ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Amyloid Protein ◽  
Dementia Patients ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Occipital Lobes ◽  
The Brain

The diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is often based on clinical and pathological data. Positron emission tomography (PET) using the tracer 18F-FDG revealed findings specific to AD-mainly the posterior part of the brain and the association cortices of the parietal and occipital lobes were affected by a reduction in glucose metabolism. Recent advances in the development of tracers for amyloid protein, which is the key protein in the pathogenesis of AD, enables the pattern of deposition of amyloid protein in the brain to be visualized. Various tracers have been introduced to visualize other aspects of AD pathology. Recent clinical interests on dementia have focused on the early detection of AD and variation of Parkinson’s disease, namely dementia with Lewy body disease (DLB), because the earlier the diagnosis, the better the prognosis. The differential diagnosis of mild AD or mild cognitive impairment (MCI) as well as DLB has been studied using PET and MRI as part of the NIH’s Alzheimer disease Neuroimaging initiative (ADNI). At present, many countries are participating in the ADNI, which is yielding promising results. This chapter’s study will improve the development of new drugs for the treatment of dementia patients by enabling the evaluation of the effect and efficacy of those drugs.

scholarly journals Synthesis and AChE Inhibitory Activity of Novel Thiazolylhydrazone Derivatives

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (13) ◽  
pp. 2392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derya Osmaniye ◽  
Begüm Nurpelin Sağlık ◽  
Ulviye Acar Çevik ◽  
Serkan Levent ◽  
Betül Kaya Çavuşoğlu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Brain Diseases ◽  
Structure Identification ◽  
Ache Inhibitor ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Active Inhibitor

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common of the degenerative brain diseases and is described together with the impairment of cognitive function. Patients with AD lose the capability to code new memories, and life conditions are extremely difficult. The development of new drugs in this area continues at a great pace. A novel series of thiazole-piperazine hybrids, aimed against Alzheimer’s disease (AD), have been synthesized. The structure identification of synthesized compounds was elucidated by 1HNMR, 13C-NMR, and LCMSMS spectroscopic methods. The inhibitory potential of the synthesized compounds on cholinesterase enzymes was investigated. The compounds 3a, 3c and 3i showed significant inhibitory activity on the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme. On the other hand, none of the compounds showed significant inhibitory activity on the butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) enzyme. In addition to enzyme inhibition studies, enzyme kinetic studies were performed to observe the effects of the most active inhibitor compounds on the substrate–enzyme relationship. In addition to in vitro tests, docking studies also indicated that compound 3c potentially acts as a dual binding site AChE inhibitor.

New semicarbazones as gorge-spanning ligands of acetylcholinesterase and potential new drugs against Alzheimer’s disease: Synthesis, molecular modeling, NMR, and biological evaluation

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (15) ◽  
pp. 4099-4113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise Cristian Ferreira Neto ◽  
Josélia Alencar Lima ◽  
Joyce Sobreiro Francisco Diz de Almeida ◽  
Tanos Celmar Costa França ◽  
Claudia Jorge do Nascimento ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Molecular Modeling ◽  
Biological Evaluation ◽  
New Drugs

scholarly journals NEW DRUGS IN CLINICAL TRIALS FOR TREATMENT OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Evelise Fernandes PIETROVSKI ◽  
Dandiany Camily Kuczera SOFKA ◽  
Rafaela Franco CLAUDINO
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
New Drugs

A Doença de Alzheimer (DA) é um transtorno neurodegenerativo crônico e progressivo manifestado por deterioração da memória e perda das funções cognitivas. Há várias hipóteses sobre as causas: perda do neurotransmissor acetilcolina (ACh), o depósito de peptídeo beta-amiloide formando as placas senis, os emaranhados neurofibrilares contendo a proteína TAU, mecanismos genéticos e inflamatórios. A atual farmacoterapia objetiva tratar sinais e sintomas gerados pela neurodegeneração. Portanto, objetivou-se apresentar os tratamentos farmacológicos que estão sendo avaliados em testes clínicos, que possam agir de maneira preventiva evitando a neurodegeneração irreversível. Também avaliar as drogas atuais com relação a efetividade e segurança do paciente. Entre os novos medicamentos podem ser citados: a terapia antiamilóide; agonista de receptor GLP-1R (GLP-1R), que promove a inibição da formação das placas senis; antagonistas do receptor histaminérgico H3, para aumento na liberação de ACh; o bexarotene, impede o acúmulo do beta-amilóide; os inibidores da enzima conversora angiotensina (IECA); vitaminas do complexo B, reduzem os níveis de homocisteína; as estatinas e os anti-inflamatórios. Apesar de vários medicamentos estarem em testes clínicos o tratamento da DA ainda é um desafio, uma vez que não se sabe como se inicia, dificultando a reversão da neurodegeneração e, consequentemente, os sintomas decorrentes. 

Design of New Drugs for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease Based on Tacrine Structure

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 378-397
Author(s):  
Roney A.N. de Aquino ◽  
Luzia V. Modolo ◽  
Rosemeire B. Alves ◽  
Angelo de Fatima
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
New Drugs

Can we do better in developing new drugs for Alzheimer's disease?

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 489-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serge Gauthier ◽  
Philip Scheltens
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
New Drugs

scholarly journals A Template for New Drugs against Alzheimer’s Disease

Cell ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 154 (6) ◽  
pp. 1182-1184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriano Aguzzi ◽  
Aaron D. Gitler
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
New Drugs

scholarly journals The potential role for sphingolipids in neuropathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.V. Alessenko
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Functional Role ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Neuronal Function ◽  
Sphingosine 1 Phosphate ◽  
The Brain

The review discusses the functional role of sphingolipids in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Certain evidence exist that the imbalance of sphingolipids such as sphingomyelin, ceramide, sphingosine, sphingosine-1-phosphate and galactosylceramide in the brain of animals and humans, in the cerebrospinal fluid and blood plasma of patients with Alzheimer's disease play a crucial role in neuronal function by regulating growth, differentiation and cell death in CNS. Activation of sphingomyelinase, which leads to the accumulation of the proapoptotic agent, ceramide, can be considered as a new mechanism for AD and may be a prerequisite for the treatment of this disease by using drugs that inhibit sphingomyelinase activity. The role of sphingolipids as biomarkers for the diagnosis of the early stage of Alzheimer's disease and monitoring the effectiveness of treatment with new drugs is discussed.

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