scholarly journals Intracellular coenzymes as natural biomarkers for metabolic activities and mitochondrial anomalies

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed A Heikal
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Activities ◽  
Mitochondrial Anomalies

Mitochondrial Changes in Cholestasis

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 258-259
Author(s):  
F. G. Zaki
Keyword(s):  
Biliary Obstruction ◽  
Alcoholic Cirrhosis ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
List Type ◽  
Common Occurrence ◽  
Extrahepatic Cholestasis ◽  
Mitochondrial Alteration ◽  
Extrahepatic Biliary Obstruction ◽  
Liver Biopsies ◽  
Mitochondrial Anomalies

Alterations of liver cell mitochondria represent pathologic phenomenon of a fundamental nature. Mitochondrial anomalies have been often described in association with cholestasis. In attempt to determine whether a given pattern of mitochondrial alteration has any correlation with the cause of cholestasis, liver biopsies were examined from 38 patients showing :a. extrahepatic cholestasis due to complete or partial extrahepatic biliary obstruction (8 cases proven at operation)b. intrahepatic cholestasis due to drugs (9 cases), viral hepatitis (6 cases) and alcoholic cirrhosis (15 cases).Mitochondria exhibiting ultrastructural changes due to aging or to the ‘wear and teart’ processes were not considered. In this study, the only profound and most prominent mitochondrial deformation was reported on basis of their common occurrence in randomly examined sections.

Reduction of spermatogonia and testosterone in rat testes flown on space lab-3

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 248-249
Author(s):  
Delbert E. Philpott ◽  
W. Sapp ◽  
C. Williams ◽  
T. Fast ◽  
J. Stevenson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Physiological Response ◽  
Social Rank ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Testicular Development ◽  
Organ Weights ◽  
Reproductive Maturation ◽  
Metabolic Activities

Space Lab 3 (SL-3) was flown on Shuttle Challenger providing an opportunity to measure the effect of spaceflight on rat testes. Cannon developed the idea that organisms react to unfavorable conditions with highly integrated metabolic activities. Selye summarized the manifestations of physiological response to nonspecific stress and he pointed out that atrophy of the gonads always occurred. Many papers have been published showing the effects of social interaction, crowding, peck order and confinement. Flickinger showed delayed testicular development in subordinate roosters influenced by group numbers, social rank and social status. Christian reported increasing population size in mice resulted in adrenal hypertrophy, inhibition of reproductive maturation and loss of reproductive function in adults. Sex organ weights also declined. Two male dogs were flown on Cosmos 110 for 22 days. Fedorova reported an increase of 30 to 70% atypical spermatozoa consisting of tail curling and/or the absence of a tail.

Artificial cells containing sustainable energy conversion engines

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 573-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kwanwoo Shin
Keyword(s):  
Energy Conversion ◽  
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide ◽  
Sustainable Energy ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
Energy Transduction ◽  
Artificial Cells ◽  
Energy Conversion Process ◽  
Metabolic Reactions ◽  
Metabolic Activities ◽  
Reduced Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide

Living cells naturally maintain a variety of metabolic reactions via energy conversion mechanisms that are coupled to proton transfer across cell membranes, thereby producing energy-rich compounds. Until now, researchers have been unable to maintain continuous biochemical reactions in artificially engineered cells, mainly due to the lack of mechanisms that generate energy-rich resources, such as adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH). If these metabolic activities in artificial cells are to be sustained, reliable energy transduction strategies must be realized. In this perspective, this article discusses the development of an artificially engineered cell containing a sustainable energy conversion process.

SiO2 Entrapment of Animal Cells for Hybrid Bioartificial Organs

2000 ◽  
Vol 628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Carturan ◽  
Renzo Dal Monte ◽  
Maurizio Muraca
Keyword(s):  
Gas Phase ◽  
Mechanical Stability ◽  
Porous Silica ◽  
Collagen Matrix ◽  
Homogeneous Layer ◽  
Animal Cells ◽  
Bioartificial Organs ◽  
Liver And Pancreas ◽  
Encapsulation Method ◽  
Metabolic Activities

ABSTRACTSi-alkoxides in gas phase are reactive towards the surface of animal cells, depositing a homogeneous layer of porous silica. This encapsulation method preserves cell viability and does not alter the hindrance of the biological load.In the prospective use for the design of a hybrid bioartificial liver, hepatocytes in a collagen matrix can be entrapped by the siliceous deposit which provides definite mechanical stability to the collagen matrix and molecular cutoff vs. high molecular weight proteins, including immunoglobulins. The functionality of the encapsulated cell load is maintained for the expressions of typical liver and pancreas metabolic activities.

THE ROLE OF PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL-3-KINASE IN CARCINOGENESIS

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 545-556
Author(s):  
Natalya Oskina ◽  
Aleksandr Shcherbakov ◽  
Maksim Filipenko ◽  
Nikolay Kushlinskiy ◽  
L. Ovchinnikova
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Disease ◽  
Intracellular Signaling ◽  
Somatic Mutations ◽  
Pi3k Pathway ◽  
Genetic Alterations ◽  
Phosphatidylinositol 3 Kinase ◽  
Intracellular Signaling Pathway ◽  
Metabolic Activities ◽  
Carcinogenic Process

Currently it is established that cancer is a genetic disease and that somatic mutations are the initiators of the carcinogenic process. The PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway is an important intracellular signaling pathway regulating the cell growth and metabolic activities. Aberrant activation of the PI3K pathway is commonly observed in many different cancers. In this review we analyze the genetic alterations of PI3K pathway in a variety of human malignancies and discuss their possible implications for diagnosis and therapy.

scholarly journals Modulation of Gut Microbiota and Oxidative Status by β-Carotene in Late Pregnant Sows

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xupeng Yuan ◽  
Jiahao Yan ◽  
Ruizhi Hu ◽  
Yanli Li ◽  
Ying Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Metabolic Activities ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Β Carotene

Recent evidences suggest that gut microbiota plays an important role in regulating physiological and metabolic activities of pregnant sows, and β-carotene has a potentially positive effect on reproduction, but the impact of β-carotene on gut microbiota in pregnant sows remains unknown. This study aimed to explore the effect and mechanisms of β-carotene on the reproductive performance of sows from the aspect of gut microbiota. A total of 48 hybrid pregnant sows (Landrace × Yorkshire) with similar parity were randomly allocated into three groups (n = 16) and fed with a basal diet or a diet containing 30 or 90 mg/kg of β-carotene from day 90 of gestation until parturition. Dietary supplementation of 30 or 90 mg/kg β-carotene increased the number of live birth to 11.82 ± 1.54 and 12.29 ± 2.09, respectively, while the control group was 11.00 ± 1.41 (P = 0.201). Moreover, β-carotene increased significantly the serum nitric oxide (NO) level and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity (P < 0.05). Characterization of fecal microbiota revealed that 90 mg/kg β-carotene increased the diversity of the gut flora (P < 0.05). In particular, β-carotene decreased the relative abundance of Firmicutes including Lachnospiraceae AC2044 group, Lachnospiraceae NK4B4 group and Ruminococcaceae UCG-008, but enriched Proteobacteria including Bilophila and Sutterella, and Actinobacteria including Corynebacterium and Corynebacterium 1 which are related to NO synthesis. These data demonstrated that dietary supplementation of β-carotene may increase antioxidant enzyme activity and NO, an important vasodilator to promote the neonatal blood circulation, through regulating gut microbiota in sows.

scholarly journals Integrating Biosensors in Organs-on-Chip Devices: A Perspective on Current Strategies to Monitor Microphysiological Systems

Biosensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erika Ferrari ◽  
Cecilia Palma ◽  
Simone Vesentini ◽  
Paola Occhetta ◽  
Marco Rasponi
Keyword(s):  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Biological Models ◽  
Electromechanical Properties ◽  
Human Organs ◽  
Tissue Constructs ◽  
Microphysiological Systems ◽  
Metabolic Activities ◽  
On Chip ◽  
Chip Analysis

Organs-on-chip (OoC), often referred to as microphysiological systems (MPS), are advanced in vitro tools able to replicate essential functions of human organs. Owing to their unprecedented ability to recapitulate key features of the native cellular environments, they represent promising tools for tissue engineering and drug screening applications. The achievement of proper functionalities within OoC is crucial; to this purpose, several parameters (e.g., chemical, physical) need to be assessed. Currently, most approaches rely on off-chip analysis and imaging techniques. However, the urgent demand for continuous, noninvasive, and real-time monitoring of tissue constructs requires the direct integration of biosensors. In this review, we focus on recent strategies to miniaturize and embed biosensing systems into organs-on-chip platforms. Biosensors for monitoring biological models with metabolic activities, models with tissue barrier functions, as well as models with electromechanical properties will be described and critically evaluated. In addition, multisensor integration within multiorgan platforms will be further reviewed and discussed.

scholarly journals The Antibacterial Effects of Resin-Based Dental Sealants: A Systematic Review of In Vitro Studies

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 413
Author(s):  
Saad Saeed AlShahrani ◽  
Mana’a Saleh AlAbbas ◽  
Isadora Martini Garcia ◽  
Maha Ibrahim AlGhannam ◽  
Muath Abdulrahman AlRuwaili ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Agents ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Dental Sealants ◽  
Medium Risk ◽  
Metabolic Activities ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Phosphate Buffered Saline ◽  
Full Text Screening

This review aimed to assess the antimicrobial effects of different antibacterial agents/compounds incorporated in resin-based dental sealants. Four databases (PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science and Scopus) were searched. From the 8052 records retrieved, 275 records were considered eligible for full-text screening. Nineteen studies met the inclusion criteria. Data extraction and quality assessment was performed by two independent reviewers. Six of the nineteen included studies were judged to have low risk of bias, and the rest had medium risk of bias. Compounds and particles such as zinc, tin, Selenium, chitosan, chlorhexidine, fluoride and methyl methacrylate were found to be effective in reducing the colony-forming unit counts, producing inhibition zones, reducing the optical density, reducing the metabolic activities, reducing the lactic acid and polysaccharide production and neutralizing the pH when they are added to the resin-based dental sealants. In addition, some studies showed that the antibacterial effect was not significantly different after 2 weeks, 2 months and 6 months aging in distilled water or phosphate-buffered saline. In conclusion, studies have confirmed the effectiveness of adding antibacterial agents/compounds to dental sealants. However, we should consider that these results are based on laboratory studies with a high degree of heterogeneity.

Chiral separation and analysis of antifungal drugs by chromatographic and electromigration techniques: Results achieved in 2010–2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 220-252
Author(s):  
Giovanni D’Orazio ◽  
Chiara Fanali ◽  
Chiara Dal Bosco ◽  
Alessandra Gentili ◽  
Salvatore Fanali
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Stationary Phases ◽  
Enantiomeric Separation ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Chiral Discrimination ◽  
Food Science ◽  
Industry Environment ◽  
Metabolic Activities

Abstract The determination and separation of enantiomers is an interesting and important topic of research in various fields, e.g., biochemistry, food science, pharmaceutical industry, environment, etc. Although these compounds possess identical physicochemical properties, a pair of enantiomers often has different pharmacological, toxicological, and metabolic activities. For this reason, chiral discrimination by using chromatographic and electromigration techniques has become an urgent need in the pharmaceutical field. This review intends to offer the “state of the art” about the separation of chiral antifungal drugs and several related precursors by both liquid and gas chromatography, as well as electromigration methods. This overview is organized into two sections. The first one describes general considerations on chiral antifungal drugs. The second part deals with the main analytical methods for the enantiomeric discrimination of these drugs, including a brief description of chiral selectors and stationary phases. Moreover, many recent applications attesting the great interest of analytical chemists in the field of enantiomeric separation are presented.

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