scholarly journals Developing neuroprotective strategies for treatment of HIV-associated neurocognitive dysfunction

2008 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey A Rumbaugh ◽  
Joseph Steiner ◽  
Ned Sacktor ◽  
Avindra Nath
Keyword(s):  
Neurocognitive Dysfunction ◽  
Neuroprotective Strategies

Cardiopulmonary Bypass Induces Neurologic and Neurocognitive Dysfunction in the Rat

2001 ◽  
Vol 95 (6) ◽  
pp. 1485-1491 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Burkhard Mackensen ◽  
Yukie Sato ◽  
Bengt Nellgård ◽  
Jose Pineda ◽  
Mark F. Newman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiopulmonary Bypass ◽  
Water Maze ◽  
Neurologic Outcome ◽  
Spatial Learning And Memory ◽  
Recovery Model ◽  
Neurocognitive Outcome ◽  
Neurocognitive Dysfunction ◽  
Visual Spatial ◽  
Injury Mechanisms ◽  
Neuroprotective Strategies

Background Neurocognitive dysfunction is a common complication of cardiac surgery using cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Elucidating injury mechanisms and developing neuroprotective strategies have been hampered by the lack of a suitable long-term recovery model of CPB. The purpose of this study was to investigate neurologic and neurocognitive outcome after CPB in a recovery model of CPB in the rat. Methods Fasted rats (n = 10) were subjected to 60 min of normothermic (37.5 degrees C) nonpulsatile CPB using a roller pump and a membrane oxygenator. Sham-operated controls (n = 10) were not subjected to CPB. Neurologic outcome was assessed on days 1, 3, and 12 after CPB using standardized functional testing. Neurocognitive outcome, defined as the time (or latency) to finding a submerged platform in a Morris water maze (an indicator of visual-spatial learning and memory), was evaluated daily from post-CPB days 3-12. Histologic injury in the hippocampus was also evaluated. Results Neurologic outcome was worse in the CPB versus the sham-operated controls at all three measurement intervals (P < 0.001). The CPB group also had longer water maze latencies compared with the sham-operated controls (P = 0.004), indicating significant neurocognitive dysfunction after CPB. No difference in histologic injury between groups was observed. Conclusions CPB caused both neurologic and neurocognitive impairment in a rodent recovery model. This model could potentially facilitate the investigation of CPB-related injury mechanisms and possible neuroprotective interventions.

Detection of Malingered Neurocognitive Dysfunction Among Patients with Acquired Brain Injuries

2013 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 253-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omer Hegedish ◽  
Dan Hoofien
Keyword(s):  
Response Bias ◽  
Concurrent Validity ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Neurocognitive Dysfunction ◽  
Word Memory Test ◽  
Malingered Neurocognitive Dysfunction ◽  
Compensation Seeking ◽  
Seeking Behavior ◽  
Verbal Test

The Word Memory Test (WMT) is one of the most sensitive forced-choice tests available designed to evaluate negative response bias (NRB). Presently there is no valid verbal test designed to evaluate NRB for Hebrew-speaking patients. The aims of the present study were to validate the response bias measures of the WMT among Hebrew-speaking patients with acquired brain injuries and to reveal the malingering base rate among Israeli patients involved in compensation-seeking. Participants were 112 patients. The Test of Memory Malingering (TOMM) was used for convergent validity and injury related variables were used for concurrent validity. A translated version of the WMT had high split-half reliability. Regarding convergent validity, WMT effort measures had high positive correlations with the TOMM. Moreover, based on TOMM cutoff scores for classification, the WMT had reasonable classification rates. Regarding concurrent validity, multivariate logistic regression revealed that failure in the WMT was significantly predicted by normal brainscans and involvement in compensation-seeking behavior. The baserate of probable malingering was 34%. These findings emphasize the universality of the WMT in detecting NRB and establishing a malingered neurocognitive dysfunction baserate among Israeli patients involved in compensation-seeking.

Pretreatment Worry Predicts Neurocognitive Dysfunction in Women with Breast Cancer

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. G. Berman ◽  
M. K. Askren ◽  
M. S. Jung ◽  
B. Therrien ◽  
S. Peltier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Neurocognitive Dysfunction

Diet and Neurocognition in Mood Disorders - An Overview of the Overlooked

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (20) ◽  
pp. 2353-2362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vicent Balanzá-Martínez ◽  
Flavio M. Shansis ◽  
Amparo Tatay-Manteiga ◽  
Pilar López-García
Keyword(s):  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Cognitive Outcomes ◽  
Clinical Staging ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Dietary Interventions ◽  
Unhealthy Lifestyle ◽  
Neurocognitive Dysfunction ◽  
Nutritional Interventions ◽  
Lifestyle Choices ◽  
Cognitive Benefits

Bipolar disorder and major depression are associated with significant disability, morbidity, and reduced life expectancy. People with mood disorders have shown higher ratios of unhealthy lifestyle choices, including poor diet quality and suboptimal nutrition. Diet and nutrition impact on brain /mental health, but cognitive outcomes have been less researched in psychiatric disorders. Neurocognitive dysfunction is a major driver of social dysfunction and a therapeutic target in mood disorders, although effective cognitive-enhancers are currently lacking. This narrative review aimed to assess the potential cognitive benefits of dietary and nutritional interventions in subjects diagnosed with mood disorders. Eight clinical trials with nutrients were identified, whereas none involved dietary interventions. Efficacy to improve select cognitive deficits has been reported, but results are either preliminary or inconsistent. Methodological recommendations for future cognition trials in the field are advanced. Current evidence and future views are discussed from the perspectives of precision medicine, clinical staging, nutritional psychiatry, and the brain-gut-microbiota axis.

Perioperative Neuroprotective Strategies

2008 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
David P. Nelson ◽  
Dean B. Andropoulos ◽  
Charles D. Fraser
Keyword(s):  
Neuroprotective Strategies
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