The investigation of violaxanthin de-epoxidation in the primitive green alga Mantoniella squamata (Prasinophyceae) indicates mechanistic differences in xanthophyll conversion to higher plants

Phycologia ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 359-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susann Schaller ◽  
Dariusz Latowski ◽  
Małgorzata Jemioła-Rzemińska ◽  
Theresa Quaas ◽  
Christian Wilhelm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Green Alga ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Mantoniella Squamata

THE INSECT FAUNA AND SOME OTHER CHARACTERISTICS OF NATURAL SALT SPRINGS ON SALTSPRING ISLAND, BRITISH COLUMBIA

1991 ◽  
Vol 123 (S155) ◽  
pp. 51-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard A. Ring
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Green Alga ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Potassium Fluoride ◽  
Sodium Sulphate ◽  
Insect Fauna ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Saline Environments ◽  
Unidentified Species ◽  
Halophilic Species

AbstractThe natural salt springs on Saltspring Island, southwestern British Columbia, originate from a source at least 1000 m deep and are distinct in chemical composition not only from the surrounding seawater but also from the groundwater-based salt springs on nearby Mayne Island. Spring water is approximately 2.2-fold more saline than average seawater and is characterized by having significantly higher levels of chloride, sodium, sulphate, silica, iron, alumina, and boron; similar levels of calcium, potassium, fluoride, and nitrogen; but less magnesium. The pH levels in different springs vary between 7.3 and 7.9, compared with pH 8.2 for average surface seawater. Near-surface water temperatures range from 7 °C in mid-winter to 16–21 °C in late summer.The flora and fauna that exploit this unique habitat are characterized by halophilic species known from other saline environments such as saline lakes, brackish water, beaches, and the intertidal zone. Organisms that have been isolated and identified include the following: seven species of bacteria, none of which depends exclusively on a saline environment; a blue-green alga that lives within the springs; an abundant filamentous green alga; and halophilic higher plants and grasses. Two species of spiders [Zelotes sp. (Gnaphosidae) and Pardosa sp. (Lycosidae)] are active in the salt-impregnated areas surrounding the springs.Collembola are represented by Anurida sp. (Poduridae); and insects by Saldula comatula (Saldidae, Hemiptera), the chironomids (Chironomidae, Diptera) Thalassosmittia marina plus two unidentified species, brine flies (Ephydridae, Diptera), and two unidentified cyclorrhaphan dipterans. Among the Hymenoptera, there are two species of Eupteromalus (Pteromalidae), Cyrtogaster capitanea (Pteromalidae), Urolepis rufipes (Pteromalidae), and Stigmus sp. (Pemphredonidae). Ants (Formica spp.) and yellowjackets (Vespula sp.) are frequent foragers in the immediate vicinity of the salt spring. There are three species of Coleoptera, Bembidion indistinctum (Carabidae), Ochthebius lecontei (Hydraenidae), and Thicanus mimus (Anthicidae). These insects are discussed in terms of their distribution within, and preference for, saline environments.

scholarly journals Structure of a C2S2M2N2-type PSII–LHCII supercomplex from the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (42) ◽  
pp. 21246-21255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liangliang Shen ◽  
Zihui Huang ◽  
Shenghai Chang ◽  
Wenda Wang ◽  
Jingfen Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Transfer ◽  
Chlamydomonas Reinhardtii ◽  
Green Alga ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Huge Number ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Green Algal ◽  
Light Harvesting Antenna ◽  
Energy Transfer Pathway

Photosystem II (PSII) in the thylakoid membranes of plants, algae, and cyanobacteria catalyzes light-induced oxidation of water by which light energy is converted to chemical energy and molecular oxygen is produced. In higher plants and most eukaryotic algae, the PSII core is surrounded by variable numbers of light-harvesting antenna complex II (LHCII), forming a PSII–LHCII supercomplex. In order to harvest energy efficiently at low–light-intensity conditions under water, a complete PSII–LHCII supercomplex (C2S2M2N2) of the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (Cr) contains more antenna subunits and pigments than the dominant PSII–LHCII supercomplex (C2S2M2) of plants. The detailed structure and energy transfer pathway of the Cr-PSII–LHCII remain unknown. Here we report a cryoelectron microscopy structure of a complete, C2S2M2N2-type PSII–LHCII supercomplex from C. reinhardtii at 3.37-Å resolution. The results show that the Cr-C2S2M2N2 supercomplex is organized as a dimer, with 3 LHCII trimers, 1 CP26, and 1 CP29 peripheral antenna subunits surrounding each PSII core. The N-LHCII trimer partially occupies the position of CP24, which is present in the higher-plant PSII–LHCII but absent in the green alga. The M trimer is rotated relative to the corresponding M trimer in plant PSII–LHCII. In addition, some unique features were found in the green algal PSII core. The arrangement of a huge number of pigments allowed us to deduce possible energy transfer pathways from the peripheral antennae to the PSII core.

Kinetic signals arising from Photosystem II in higher plants, a cyanobacterium and a green alga

1986 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-51
Author(s):  
YVONNE E. ATKINSON ◽  
ROBERT C. FORD ◽  
MICHAEL C. W. EVANS
Keyword(s):  
Photosystem Ii ◽  
Green Alga ◽  
Higher Plants

Influence of thylakoid membrane lipids on the structure of aggregated light-harvesting complexes of the diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana and the green alga Mantoniella squamata

2017 ◽  
Vol 160 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susann Schaller-Laudel ◽  
Dariusz Latowski ◽  
Małgorzata Jemioła-Rzemińska ◽  
Kazimierz Strzałka ◽  
Sebastian Daum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Green Alga ◽  
Thylakoid Membrane ◽  
Light Harvesting ◽  
Membrane Lipids ◽  
Thalassiosira Pseudonana ◽  
Light Harvesting Complexes ◽  
Mantoniella Squamata

ENZYMES OF MARINE ALGAE: I. STUDIES ON PHENOLASE IN THE GREEN ALGA, MONOSTROMA FUSCUM

1966 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 551-561 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. Tocher ◽  
B. J. D. Meeuse
Keyword(s):  
Green Alga ◽  
Marine Algae ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Intracellular Localization ◽  
Oxygen Affinity ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
First Time ◽  
Low Oxygen Affinity

Phenolase (o-diphenol: O2 oxidoreductase, E.C. 1.10.3.1) is reported for the first time in a green alga. This enzyme isolated from Monostroma fuscum (Postels and Ruprecht) Wittrock resembles the enzyme from higher plants in most of its characteristics, including its substrate specificities, the influence of inhibitors, and its relatively low oxygen affinity. The in vivo role of the enzyme is discussed in relation to its intracellular localization and its oxygen affinity.

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