scholarly journals Characterization of Chemical Composition in Fine Particles (PM2.5) from Industrial Site in Malaysia

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 104
Author(s):  
Syabiha Shith ◽  
Noor Faizah Fitri Md Yusof ◽  
Nor Azam Ramli ◽  
Maher Elbayoumi
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Source Apportionment ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Sampling Site ◽  
Fine Particulate ◽  
Pm2.5 Concentration

<em>This research aims to investigate variations of fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5) and chemical composition in an industrialized area. Concentration levels of fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5) were continuously monitored at three sampling site S1, S2 and S3. The variations of PM2.5 concentration </em><em>were analysed using descriptive statistics, time series plot, diurnal plot and correlation. Source apportionment and factor analysis were carried out using the chemical composition data from ICP-OES. Meteorological effects on PM2.5 concentration were used to investigate the effects on PM2.5 </em><em>concentration. The results showed that, the average PM2.5 concentration was 19.75 ± 12, 46.68 ± 27, and 20.55 ± 9 μg m-3 at sites in a S1, S2 and S3, respectively. The highest PM2.5 concentration was recorded in S2 (115 μg m-3). The PM2.5 concentration in the diurnal plot exhibited an inversed unimodal pattern during morning (7:00 to 9:00) and evening (16:00 to 18:00). PM2.5 concentration in S2 on weekends was 36% lower than that on weekdays. PM2.5 was found to exhibit an inversed relation with wind speed and temperature. Although wind speed had a negative association with PM2.5 in S1 and S2, a positive correlation was observed at S3. Source apportionment from factor analysis distinguished three groups of possible sources; crustal materials (Al, K, Sr, Ti and Na), vehicles emission (Cr, Fe, Mn, Zn and Ni) and industrial activities (Ca, Mg and Pb).</em>

scholarly journals The Combined Effects of Fine Particulate Matter and Temperature on Preterm Birth in Seoul, 2010–2016

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1463
Author(s):  
Youngrin Kwag ◽  
Min-ho Kim ◽  
Shinhee Ye ◽  
Jongmin Oh ◽  
Gyeyoon Yim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Temperature Data ◽  
Fine Particulate ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Pm2.5 Exposure ◽  
Pm2.5 Concentration

Background: Preterm birth contributes to the morbidity and mortality of newborns and infants. Recent studies have shown that maternal exposure to particulate matter and extreme temperatures results in immune dysfunction, which can induce preterm birth. This study aimed to evaluate the association between fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure, temperature, and preterm birth in Seoul, Republic of Korea. Methods: We used 2010–2016 birth data from Seoul, obtained from the Korea National Statistical Office Microdata. PM2.5 concentration data from Seoul were generated through the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model. Seoul temperature data were collected from the Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA). The exposure period of PM2.5 and temperature were divided into the first (TR1), second (TR2), and third (TR3) trimesters of pregnancy. The mean PM2.5 concentration was used in units of ×10 µg/m3 and the mean temperature was divided into four categories based on quartiles. Logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate the association between PM2.5 exposure and preterm birth, as well as the combined effects of PM2.5 exposure and temperature on preterm birth. Result: In a model that includes three trimesters of PM2.5 and temperature data as exposures, which assumes an interaction between PM2.5 and temperature in each trimester, the risk of preterm birth was positively associated with TR1 PM2.5 exposure among pregnant women exposed to relatively low mean temperatures (<3.4 °C) during TR1 (OR 1.134, 95% CI 1.061–1.213, p < 0.001). Conclusions: When we assumed the interaction between PM2.5 exposure and temperature exposure, PM2.5 exposure during TR1 increased the risk of preterm birth among pregnant women exposed to low temperatures during TR1. Pregnant women should be aware of the risk associated with combined exposure to particulate matter and low temperatures during TR1 to prevent preterm birth.

scholarly journals Regulatory T Cells Protect Fine Particulate Matter-Induced Inflammatory Responses in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen-cai Zhang ◽  
Yan-ge Wang ◽  
Zheng-feng Zhu ◽  
Fang-qin Wu ◽  
Yu-dong Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Umbilical Vein ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Fine Particulate ◽  
Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells

Objective. To investigate the role of CD4+CD25+T cells (Tregs) in protecting fine particulate matter (PM-) induced inflammatory responses, and its potential mechanisms.Methods. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were treated with graded concentrations (2, 5, 10, 20, and 40 µg/cm2) of suspension of fine particles for 24h. For coculture experiment, HUVECs were incubated alone, with CD4+CD25−T cells (Teff), or with Tregs in the presence of anti-CD3 monoclonal antibodies for 48 hours, and then were stimulated with or without suspension of fine particles for 24 hours. The expression of adhesion molecules and inflammatory cytokines was examined.Results. Adhesion molecules, including vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL-) 6 and IL-8, were increased in a concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, the adhesion of human acute monocytic leukemia cells (THP-1) to endothelial cells was increased and NF-κB activity was upregulated in HUVECs after treatment with fine particles. However, after Tregs treatment, fine particles-induced inflammatory responses and NF-κB activation were significantly alleviated. Transwell experiments showed that Treg-mediated suppression of HUVECs inflammatory responses impaired by fine particles required cell contact and soluble factors.Conclusions. Tregs could attenuate fine particles-induced inflammatory responses and NF-κB activation in HUVECs.

scholarly journals Mass size distributions and size resolved chemical composition of fine particulate matter at the Pittsburgh supersite

2004 ◽  
Vol 38 (20) ◽  
pp. 3127-3141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan C. Cabada ◽  
Sarah Rees ◽  
Satoshi Takahama ◽  
Andrey Khlystov ◽  
Spyros N. Pandis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Size Distributions ◽  
Fine Particulate ◽  
Mass Size

Trends in Chemical Composition of Global and Regional Population-Weighted Fine Particulate Matter Estimated for 25 Years

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (19) ◽  
pp. 11185-11195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chi Li ◽  
Randall V. Martin ◽  
Aaron van Donkelaar ◽  
Brian L. Boys ◽  
Melanie S. Hammer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Fine Particulate ◽  
Regional Population

scholarly journals Fine particulate matter source apportionment using a hybrid chemical transport and receptor model approach

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 26657-26698
Author(s):  
Y. Hu ◽  
S. Balachandran ◽  
J. E. Pachon ◽  
J. Baek ◽  
C. Ivey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Source Apportionment ◽  
Hybrid Method ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Hybrid Approach ◽  
Chemical Transport ◽  
Measurement Information ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Receptor Model ◽  
Fine Particulate

Abstract. A hybrid fine particulate matter (PM2.5) source apportionment approach based on a receptor-model (RM) species balance and species specific source impacts from a chemical transport model (CTM) equipped with a sensitivity analysis tool is developed to provide physically- and chemically-consistent relationships between source emissions and receptor impacts. This hybrid approach enhances RM results by providing initial estimates of source impacts from a much larger number of sources than are typically used in RMs, and provides source-receptor relationships for secondary species. Further, the method addresses issues of source collinearities, and accounts for emissions uncertainties. Hybrid method results also provide information on the resulting source impact uncertainties. We apply this hybrid approach to conduct PM2.5 source apportionment at Chemical Speciation Network (CSN) sites across the US. Ambient PM2.5 concentrations at these receptor sites were apportioned to 33 separate sources. Hybrid method results led to large changes of impacts from CTM estimates for sources such as dust, woodstove, and other biomass burning sources, but limited changes to others. The refinements reduced the differences between CTM-simulated and observed concentrations of individual PM2.5 species by over 98% when using a weighted least squared error minimization. The rankings of source impacts changed from the initial estimates, revealing that CTM-only results should be evaluated with observations. Assessment with RM results at six US locations showed that the hybrid results differ somewhat from commonly resolved sources. The hybrid method also resolved sources that typical RM methods do not capture without extra measurement information on unique tracers. The method can be readily applied to large domains and long (such as multi-annual) time periods to provide source impact estimates for management- and health-related studies.

scholarly journals Effect of modes of transportation on commuters' exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) in Chennai, India

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 898-907 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Gokul Raj ◽  
S. Karthikeyan
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Dioxide ◽  
Urban Community ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Exposure Concentration ◽  
Ambient Particulate Matter ◽  
Fine Particulate ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Maximum Exposure ◽  
Pm2.5 Concentration

Daily commuting increases level of contaminants inhaled by urban community and it is influenced by mode and time of commuting. In this study, the commuters’ exposure to ambient particulate matter (PM2.5) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) was assessed during three modes of travel in six different road stretches of Chennai. The mean distance of road stretches was 25 km and the exposure to pollutants was assessed during peak hours and off-peak hours. The average travel duration was in the range of 39 to 91 min in motorbike, 83 to 140 min in car and 110 to 161 min in bus. Though there was variation on exposure to concentration in modes of transportation, the maximum exposure concentration of PM2.5 was observed as 709 μg/m<sup>3</sup> in bus and the minimum exposure concentration was 29 μg/m<sup>3</sup> in closed car. Similarly, the maximum exposure concentration of NO2 was observed to be 312 μg/m<sup>3</sup> in bus and the minimum exposure concentration was 21 μg/m<sup>3</sup> in car. The concentration of elements in PM2.5 was in the order of Si > Na > Ca > Al ≥ K > S ≥ Cd, with Si and Cd concentration as 60% and < 1% of the PM2.5 concentration.

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