scholarly journals Sexual Behaviour, Sexual Health and Pornography Consumption among Secondary School Students in Iceland

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Freydís J. Freysteinsdóttir ◽  
Ástrós E. Benediktsdóttir
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
Sexual Health ◽  
Sex Education ◽  
Sexual Behaviour ◽  
School Students ◽  
Pornography Consumption ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Comprehensive Sex Education ◽  
First Time

<p class="Normal2"><em>The aim of this study was to gain knowledge about secondary school student’s sexual behaviour and sexual health as well as their pornography consumption. A questionnaire was prepared and answered by 384 students in five colleges selected based on a stratified random sample. Most of the students were 18-20 years of age or 87%. One of the main results was that the majority of the participants had seen pornography (86%). The mean age of participants when they saw pornography for the first time was 13. Men were significantly younger than women when they viewed pornography for the first time and spent more time watching pornography than women. Nearly half of all participants had not always used a condom when they had engaged in sex with a person that they did not have a long-term relationship with. Pornography and its consumption has been constantly growing over the past few decades. One of the main reasons for its growth is increasing technology and easier access to the Internet. Comprehensive sex education has not grown as rapidly as pornography, which can be considered a huge risk factor in the shaping of young people’s sexuality and their sexual health.</em></p>

scholarly journals A SLR Pre-Processing Algorithm Based on Satellite Signature Effect

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (19) ◽  
pp. 8880
Author(s):  
Bowen Guan ◽  
Cunbo Fan ◽  
Ning An ◽  
Ricardo Cesar Podesta ◽  
Dra Ana Pacheco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mean Value ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Error Sources ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Stability ◽  
First Time ◽  
Satellite Signature Effect

As one of the major error sources, satellite signature effect should be reduced or even erased from the distribution of the post-fit residuals to improve the ranging precision. A simulation of satellite signature effect removal process for normal point algorithm is conducted based on a revised model of satellite response, which fully considers the structural and distribution characteristics of retroreflectors. In order to eliminate both long-term and short-term satellite signature effect, a clipping method for SLR data processing is proposed by defining the clipping location as 5.6 mm away from the mean value of the long-term fit residuals to select effective returns for normal points. The results indicate that, compared to normal points algorithm, the RMS per NP of LAGEOS-1 observation data processed by the clipping method is reduced from 62.90 ± 9.9 mm to 56.07 ± 4.69 mm, and the stability of RMS is improved 53%. This study improves the satellite signature effect model and simulates the fluctuation of normal points caused by satellite signature effect for the first time. The new method based on the simulation of satellite signature effect has stronger robustness and applicability, which can further minimize the influence of satellite signature effect on the SLR production and significantly improve the data property.

scholarly journals Knowledge and attitude about reproductive and sexual health among higher secondary school students in a taluk of Tamil Nadu

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (10) ◽  
pp. 3568
Author(s):  
Deivasigamani Kuberan ◽  
Rajan Rushender ◽  
G. Dinesh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
Secondary Schools ◽  
Sexual Health ◽  
Sex Education ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Unplanned Pregnancy ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Sexual Risk Behaviour ◽  
Sexually Active ◽  
Reproductive And Sexual Health

Background: Many adolescents in higher secondary schools, who become sexually active, do so without accurate information about reproductive and sexual health. This lack of information can put them at risk of unplanned pregnancy or sexually transmitted diseases. Methods: A cross sectional descriptive study was carried out among 464 secondary school going adolescent students of Chengalpattu Taluk using a structured self-administered questionnaire comprising questions to assess the knowledge on reproduction, contraception and HIV/STD and the attitude on sexual risk behaviour. The data was analysed using MS excel and SPSS. Descriptive statistics such as rate, ratio and proportions were calculated. Results: The average level of knowledge on reproduction, contraception and STD/HIV was 38.5%, 34.75% and 45.5% respectively. Only 18% gave correct response to questions “there is problem if a girl does not get period 14 years” and “it is dangerous to have intercourse during a girl’s period”. Majority of 80% knew pregnancy happens when sperm fertilizes ovum and 80.6% gave incorrect answer to question that “letting semen drip out of the female organ after sex prevents pregnancy”. Almost 50% were ignorant that it is possible to have more than one STD. As many as 42.5% agreed about having sex with several people for their age. Only 52% agreed to use condom if sexually active. 56.2% disagreed to popularity of boy or girl who has sexual intercourse. Conclusions: The students lack correct information about sexuality issues in general which could be due to insufficient sexual education by schools and parents. Hence it becomes essential to include reproductive and sex education programs in all higher secondary schools.  

scholarly journals A visual method based on Lewis dot electron structures (VISLEDS) for teaching inorganic formulation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abigail Jimenez
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
Cognitive Load ◽  
Secondary School Students ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
School Students ◽  
Visual Method ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Visual Description ◽  
First Time ◽  
Theory Framework

Chemistry is usually seen as a difficult subject for secondary school students. One topic they struggle is when they face chemistry formulation for the first time. The concept of oxidation number is difficult for them. The level of abstraction required is still developing in their minds. We must help them visualise it, to understand bonding and, finally, the symbolic representation of chemical compounds.We find in chemistry a visual description for bond formation: Lewis diagrams. They explicitly show molecular bonds as paired electrons. By using this simple idea, we can introduce formulation to secondary school students. Starting with binary chemical compounds, included in 3rd year of secondary schools in Spain, we can set up the foundations for their future chemistry studies. Of course, the difficulty must be progressively introduced.In this work, we show how a visual method based on Lewis diagrams improves the performance of students when writing formulae of binary chemical compounds. One important difference with current literature on how Lewis dot structures are used in education, is that, while they are usually presented as a learning goal, here we use them as a means to an end.Our results suggest that the improvement is higher for students with previous lower academic performance, low scores in linguistic competencies, and high scores in visual and artistic competencies. Most importantly, it does not worsen performance for students with high scores in linguistic competencies and low scores in visual and artistic competencies. Mathematical competencies do not seem to be so good predictors for students’ performance.Finally, within the Cognitive Load Theory framework, we show how cognitive working load, as well as an approximation of extraneous cognitive load, can be estimated by using information theory measures involving the mistakes students make.

The Effectiveness of Sexual Reproductive Health (SRH) Programme Among Adolescents in Cheras, Malaysia

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Zaitul Akmal AZ ◽  
Salmah N ◽  
ND Ismail ◽  
Muhammad Akmal MN ◽  
Khairatul Nainey K
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Secondary School ◽  
Knowledge Score ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adequate Knowledge ◽  
Sexual Reproductive Health ◽  
Post Test ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Knowledge And Attitude

Introduction: In Malaysia, the rate of adolescents involved in sexual activities has increased and starts at an earlier age. Data from NHMS 2017 showed that 7.3% among surveyed 13 to 17 years-old adolescents have already had sex. The rate of teenage pregnancies is also increasing at 3.7-3.9% between the years 2009 until 2011. Therefore, an effective SRH Programme should be conducted in schools to equip them with adequate knowledge regarding this subject.Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted among 145 randomly selected secondary school students aged 13 to 15 years old, attending the SRH Programme in a secondary school in Cheras, Selangor, Malaysia. The objective of this programme is to deliver knowledge and promote awareness among adolescents regarding SRH. The programme consists of intervention using adolescent-friendly module and games. A pre- and post-test were given to the participants to evaluate the effectiveness of the programme using the validated SRH questionnaire (Malay version). The questionnaire consists of fourteen and six items for knowledge and attitude, respectively.Results: The result showed an increase in the mean knowledge score (±SD) after the SRH Programme at the school from 7.25 ± 2.44 for pre-test to 9.70 ± 3.17 for post-test. The mean difference in pre- and post-test was 2.45 (95% CI: 2.02, 2.87) and was statistically significant (p<0.001). In terms of attitudes, the majority of the students felt that they have enough knowledge to make a gooddecision regarding sexual reproductive health issues after the SRH programme. However, there was only a small increment with regards to their attitudes on assertiveness.Conclusion: This study demonstrated an increase in the level of knowledge among adolescents in Cheras after the SRH programme using the adolescent-friendly module and games. However, there is no significant change in attitude among adolescents regarding SRH.Future SRH programmes need to be done regularly to instil positive attitudes among adolescents in dealing withsexual reproductive dilemmas.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Supplementary Issue: 2021 Page: S20

scholarly journals Unsafe abortion among secondary school girls in a local authority in South-South Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 3547
Author(s):  
Matthias G. Abah ◽  
Emem E. Bassey ◽  
Emmanuel B. Edu ◽  
Okupa D. Ovie
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
Sex Education ◽  
Unwanted Pregnancy ◽  
Morbidity Rate ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Dilation And Curettage ◽  
High Morbidity Rate

Background: Voluntary abortion for social reasons is illegal in Nigeria; however, the practice remains mostly clandestine and unsafe with varying consequences and determinants yet to be studied in all settings.Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study design was used to assess the prevalence, practice and determinants of termination of pregnancy amongst 119 female Secondary School students in South-South Nigeria.Results: The prevalence of abortion was 57.1%. Most of the students were above 18years (58.8%), Christian (95.8%) and of rural residence (66.4%). While 58.8% had experienced an unwanted pregnancy, 61.4% had used some form of contraceptive with condom being the commonest (39.5%). Most (89.1%) have heard of abortions while 67.6% and 16.2% have had abortions once and twice respectively with the top reasons for abortion being that they were still in school (33.8%), too young (25.9%) and to avoid shame or stigma associated with the pregnancy (11.7%). Dilation and curettage was the predominant method employed (40.2%) mainly by medical doctors (34.1% and pharmacists (35.6%) while 51 (75%) had post-abortal complaints such as pain (41.2%) and bleeding (21.6%). There was a significant association between having an abortion and place of residence (rural more than urban), (p=0.04), being pregnant more than once (p<0.001), mothers` level of education (p=0.03), fathers` level of education (p=0.02) and mothers occupation (p=0.04).Conclusions: The prevalence of abortion is high and complicated by high morbidity rate despite a higher contraceptive prevalence rate whose major determinants were the socio-demographic characteristics of the parents. There is a need for early sex education from parents as this can influence abortion perception and practice in later years.

scholarly journals Teaching Through Television: Experimental Evidence on Entrepreneurship Education in Tanzania

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 2308-2325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kjetil Bjorvatn ◽  
Alexander W. Cappelen ◽  
Linda Helgesson Sekei ◽  
Erik Ø. Sørensen ◽  
Bertil Tungodden
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
School Performance ◽  
School Students ◽  
Control Field ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
General Lesson ◽  
Randomized Control ◽  
Long Term Survey

Can television be used to teach and foster entrepreneurship among youth in developing countries? We report from a randomized control field experiment of an edutainment show on entrepreneurship broadcasted over almost three months on national television in Tanzania. The field experiment involved more than 2,000 secondary school students, where the treatment group was incentivized to watch the edutainment show. We find some suggestive evidence of the edutainment show making the viewers more interested in entrepreneurship and business, particularly among females. However, our main finding is a negative effect: the edutainment show discouraged investment in schooling without convincingly replacing it with some other valuable activity. Administrative data show a strong negative treatment effect on school performance, and long-term survey data show that fewer treated students continue schooling, but we do not find much evidence of the edutainment show causing an increase in business ownership. The fact that an edutainment show for entrepreneurship caused the students to invest less in education carries a general lesson to the field experimental literature by showing the importance of taking a broad view of possible implications of a field intervention. This paper was accepted by David Simchi-Levi, behavioral economics.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document