Approaches to Climate Change: Something Is Missing

E-government discourse implicates state-produced Websites to enable opportunities and citizen spaces on policy issues, subject to demands to be inclusive, engaging, and free from commercial interests. Policy-making for a global issue like climate change takes place at the inter-governmental United Nations Climate Change Conference (UNCCC). It becomes critical to examine if and how the governments hosting this restrictive global policy-making space may engage citizens through their online presence—host country conference outreach Websites. The chapter explores relational underpinnings between states and citizens in such Websites by examining the values privileged by designers using mixed methods. Among UNCCC Websites from 2007 to 2009, the Danish government Website's enhanced features may have contributed to potential inclusivity for the inter-governmental process online compared to previous government's efforts. However, findings have shown such interactive Website's inherent design aspects may potentially shape the manner that climate conversations are limited in an assumed democratized space online.

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Introduction

10.1093/oso/9780197502556.003.0001 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Eelco J. Rohling

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Global Warming ◽

Greenhouse Gases ◽

Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽

Greenhouse Gas ◽

Emission Reduction ◽

Climate Change Impacts ◽

Paris Agreement ◽

Gas Emissions ◽

Is Implementation

This chapter outlines the challenge facing us. The Paris Agreement sets a target maximum of 2°C global warming and a preferred limit of 1.5°C. Yet, the subsequent combined national pledges for emission reduction suffice only for limiting warming to roughly 3°C. And because most nations are falling considerably short of meeting their pledges, even greater warming may become locked in. Something more drastic and wide-ranging is needed: a multi-pronged strategy. These different prongs to the climate-change solution are introduced in this chapter and explored one by one in the following chapters. First is rapid, massive reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. Second is implementation of ways to remove greenhouse gases from the atmosphere. Third may be increasing the reflectivity of Earth to incoming sunlight, to cool certain places down more rapidly. In addition, we need to protect ourselves from climate-change impacts that have already become inevitable.

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Health system plan for implementation of Paris agreement on climate change (COP 21): a qualitative study in Iran

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/s12889-020-09503-w ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Arefeh Mousavi ◽

Ali Ardalan ◽

Amirhossein Takian ◽

Abbas Ostadtaghizadeh ◽

Kazem Naddafi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Climate Change ◽

Qualitative Study ◽

Health System ◽

Health Effects ◽

Policy Making ◽

Early Warning Systems ◽

Paris Agreement ◽

Evidence Based ◽

Mitigation And Adaptation

Abstract Background Ensuring public health is crucial in any policy debate on climate change. Paris Agreement on climate change is a global contract, through which countries have committed themselves to a public health treaty. The agreement has laid the foundation for mitigation and adaptation. This study was conducted to provide an evidence-based framework for policy-making in the health system of Iran in order to reduce the adverse effects of climate change on public health and to increase the adaptation of the health system as a result. Methods This is a qualitative study. We first used Delphi method to extract the components of Paris Agreement on climate change that were related to the functions and policymaking of health system in Iran. Twenty-three experts in health and climate change were identified purposefully and through snowball sampling as participants in Delphi. Data collection instrument was a structured questionnaire. We used SPSS software version 25 for data analysis based on the descriptive indices including the mean, the percentage of consensus above 75%, and the Kendall coordination coefficient. Results Seventy-nine components classified within nine categories were extracted. The most important examples of the implementation of Paris Agreement on climate change in the health system of Iran were: participation in the formulation of strategies for mitigation and adaptation, identifying vulnerable groups, assessing vulnerability, increasing the capacity of health services delivery during extreme events, using early warning systems, using new technologies to increase the adaptation, evaluation of interventions, financial support, increasing the number of researches, increasing the knowledge and skills of staff, and finally public awareness. Conclusions Evidence-based policy-making is pivotal to develop effective programs to control the health effects of climate change. This research provided policy translation and customization of micro and macro provisions of Paris Agreement on climate change, in line with the political context of health system in Iran. Our finding will pave the ground, we envisage, for further steps towards capacity building and enhancement of resiliency of the health system, adaptation interventions, and evaluation, identification of barriers and facilitators for adaptation and decreasing the adverse health effects caused by the climate change, in Iran and perhaps beyond.

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Mitigation efforts will not fully alleviate the increase in water scarcity occurrence probability in wheat-producing areas

Science Advances ◽

10.1126/sciadv.aau2406 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (9) ◽

pp. eaau2406 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Miroslav Trnka ◽

Song Feng ◽

Mikhail A. Semenov ◽

Jørgen E. Olesen ◽

Kurt Christian Kersebaum ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Global Warming ◽

Food Security ◽

Water Scarcity ◽

Climate Change Mitigation ◽

Paris Agreement ◽

Representative Concentration Pathway ◽

Occurrence Probability ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Change Mitigation

Global warming is expected to increase the frequency and intensity of severe water scarcity (SWS) events, which negatively affect rain-fed crops such as wheat, a key source of calories and protein for humans. Here, we develop a method to simultaneously quantify SWS over the world’s entire wheat-growing area and calculate the probabilities of multiple/sequential SWS events for baseline and future climates. Our projections show that, without climate change mitigation (representative concentration pathway 8.5), up to 60% of the current wheat-growing area will face simultaneous SWS events by the end of this century, compared to 15% today. Climate change stabilization in line with the Paris Agreement would substantially reduce the negative effects, but they would still double between 2041 and 2070 compared to current conditions. Future assessments of production shocks in food security should explicitly include the risk of severe, prolonged, and near-simultaneous droughts across key world wheat-producing areas.

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US backsliding will drag on global climate progress

Emerald Expert Briefings ◽

10.1108/oxan-db221466 ◽

2017 ◽

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Global Warming ◽

Global Climate ◽

Paris Agreement ◽

Donald Trump ◽

Content Type ◽

Federal Support ◽

The Us ◽

The World ◽

Climate Action

Subject The Paris Agreement and US withdrawal. Significance President Donald Trump announced his intention to withdraw from the Paris Agreement on climate change on June 1, prompting criticism from around the world. While current pledges are unlikely to change and the agreement will not see flight or withdrawal by other countries, US withdrawal imperils the ability of the agreement’s structure to accelerate climate action to a scale necessary to meet its objective of limiting global warming to below 2 degrees centigrade by 2100. Impacts The US private sector and sub-national polities will increase their climate action, though the loss of federal support will still be felt. A future US administration could re-enter the agreement, but substantial momentum will be lost diplomatically in the intervening years. Calls for greater adaptation -- rather than mitigation -- funds from climate-vulnerable states will grow more strident.

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The Norway–Colombia Agreement to Protect Rainforest and Reduce Global Warming: Success or Failure?

International Journal for Crime Justice and Social Democracy ◽

10.5204/ijcjsd.v8i3.1245 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 56-73 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ragnhild Sollund ◽

Angela M Maldonado ◽

Claudia Brieva Rico

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Global Warming ◽

Environmental Protection ◽

Oil Extraction ◽

Paris Agreement ◽

The South ◽

Double Standards ◽

The North ◽

International Climate ◽

And Shifts

The Norwegian government has made an agreement with Juan Manuel Santos, former Colombian president, to give Colombia US$48 million yearly to reduce deforestation. This forms part of a greater effort by Norway to aid countries in the South to halt climate change, through the Norwegian International Climate and Forest Initiative, instituted after the Paris Agreement in 2015. The ways efforts to reduce deforestation have been implemented have been criticised. While Norway, through this investment, appears to be a climate-concerned country, it continues with oil extraction activities. Thus, Norway exhibits double standards and shifts the problem of climate change to the countries in the South. This article examines the successes and failures of the Norwegian rainforest protection efforts in the case of Colombia, assessing the governance of the deforestation policies from the perspective of green Southern criminology and incorporating a critique of the neo-colonialist means of environmental protection established by the North.

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21RST CENTURY: “The Game against Nature”

Business and Management Studies ◽

10.11114/bms.v1i1.697 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 19

Author(s):

Jan-Erik Lane

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Global Warming ◽

Greenhouse Gases ◽

Transaction Costs ◽

Decision Maker ◽

Social System ◽

Policy Making ◽

The One ◽

Two Alternatives ◽

Emission Of Greenhouse Gases

When a decision-maker faces a choice between alternatives of action in a situation of uncertainty, one speaks of a “game against Nature” when he/she faces no interaction with another player or group. In the process of global warming, mankind is the one player facing two alternatives: resilience or precaution. Not knowing fully the consequences of the increase in the emission of greenhouse gases on climate change or the implications of climate change for biological and social system, what action to take? If there were a global benevolent rule, he/she may decide to avoid the worst outcome. But global ecological policy-making requires the coordination among a large number of players, which open up the possibility of reneging as well as carries heavy transaction costs.

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Good Night Sunshine: Geoengineering Solutions to Climate Change?

Eos ◽

10.1029/2018eo066847 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 98 ◽

Author(s):

Ben van der Pluijm ◽

Guy Brasseur

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Global Warming ◽

Paris Agreement ◽

Climate Engineering ◽

Good Night ◽

Viable Solution

In order to limit global warming to Paris Agreement goal levels, climate engineering should be considered as a viable solution.

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INTRODUCTION: SPECIAL ISSUE ON ‘MACROECONOMICS OF CLIMATE CHANGE’

National Institute Economic Review ◽

10.1017/nie.2021.40 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 258 ◽

pp. 9-11

Author(s):

Dawn Holland ◽

Hande Kucuk ◽

Miguel León-Ledesma

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Global Warming ◽

Paris Agreement ◽

Extreme Temperatures ◽

Special Issue ◽

Special Report ◽

Sea Levels ◽

The World ◽

Human Cost ◽

Rising Sea Levels

Climate change is one of the most serious risks facing humanity. Temperature rises can lead to catastrophic climate and natural events that threaten livelihoods. From rising sea levels to flooding, bush fires, extreme temperatures and droughts, the economic and human cost is too large to ignore. More than 190 world leaders got together in Glasgow during November 2021 at the UN’s COP26 climate change summit to discuss progress on the Paris Agreement (COP21) and to agree on new measures to limit global warming. In Paris, countries agreed to limit global warming to well below 2° and aim for 1.5° as well as to adapt to the impacts of a changing climate and raise the necessary funding to deliver on these aims. However, actions to date were not nearly enough as highlighted by the IPCC (2018) special report. The world is still on track to reach warming above 3° by 2100. As evident from figure 1, global temperatures have been on a steadily increasing path since the start of the 20th century and this process has substantially accelerated since the beginning of the 1980s. This has been unevenly distributed, with temperatures in the Northern hemisphere being a full 1°C higher than for the 1961–1990 average, whilst temperatures in the Southern hemisphere have increased by almost 0.5°C.

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International Norms and Domestic Structures

Potentia: Journal of International Affairs ◽

10.18192/potentia.v3i0.4388 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 3 ◽

pp. 85-104

Author(s):

Ryan Lebans ◽

Lauren Peirce ◽

Kevin Verberne

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Policy Making ◽

The United States ◽

National Politics ◽

Sharp Line ◽

International Policy ◽

Policy Issues ◽

Global Policy ◽

Climate Change Issue ◽

International Importance

The traditional conception of watertight compartmentalization between “domestic” and “international” policy issues is simply no longer realistic. The advent of globalization has fundamentally altered how we perceive of policy-making. as Sidney Tarrow put it, “[i]n today’s world, we can no more draw a sharp line between domestic and international politics than we can understand national politics in the United states apart from its local roots” (Tarrow, 2005: 2). The rise of the international importance of the climate change issue is perhaps the most prominent example of the breakdown of the traditional local versus global policy distinction.

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