scholarly journals Sex Differences in the Association between Cortical Thickness and Children’s Behavioral Inhibition

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. p49
Author(s):  
Shervin Assari
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Behavioral Inhibition ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Behavioral Approach ◽  
Intracranial Volume ◽  
Behavioral Inhibition System ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Children ◽  
American Children

Aim: To investigate sex differences in the association between cortical thickness and behavioral inhibition of 9-10 years old American children. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional investigation used data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study. Baseline ABCD data of 10249 American children between ages 9 and 10 were analyzed. The independent variable was cortical thickness measured by structural brain magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI). The primary outcome, behavioral inhibition, was measured based on the behavioral inhibition system (BIS), and behavioral approach system (BAS). Sex was the moderator. Age, race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status indicators, and intracranial volume were covariates. Results: In the overall sample, high cortical thickness was not associated with behavioral inhibition in children. Sex showed a statistically significant interaction with cortical thickness’s effect on children’s behavioral inhibition, net of all confounders. The interaction indicated a statistically stronger positive effect of high cortical thickness on male behavioral inhibition compared to female children. Conclusion: Cortical thickness is a determinant of behavioral inhibition for male but not female American children. Male but not female children show better behavioral inhabitation at higher levels of cortical thickness.

Sex Differences in the Association of Household Income with Amygdala Volume

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 233-243
Author(s):  
Shervin Assari ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Amygdala Volume ◽  
American Children

Background: Household income and other socioeconomic position (SEP) indicators are among the most salient social determinants of children’s emotions and behaviors. Some research has shown that income and other SEP indicators may have certain sex-specific effects on the structures and functions of particular brain regions. Objectives: To investigate sex differences in the association of household income with amygdala volumes in US children. Materials & Methods: This is a cross-sectional study using data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study. The study data was collected between 2016 and 2018 across 21 sites distributed across US states. Wave 1 ABCD included 10262 American children aged between 9 and 10 years old. The independent variable was household income. The primary outcome was the left amygdala volume, which was measured by T1-weighted structural brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). We used a data exploration and analysis portal for our data analysis. Results: Overall, the household income was positively associated with left amygdala size in children. Sex showed a statistically significant interaction with household income on children’s left amygdala volume, net of all confounders, indicating a stronger effect of high household income on male children compared to female children. Conclusion: Household income is a more salient determinant of left amygdala volume for male children compared to female American children. Low-income male children remain at the highest risk of a small amygdala.

scholarly journals Changes of EEG band oscillations to tonic cold pain and the behavioral inhibition and fight-flight-freeze systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vilfredo De Pascalis ◽  
Paolo Scacchia ◽  
Beatrice Papi ◽  
Philip J. Corr
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Inhibition ◽  
Escape Behavior ◽  
Behavioral Approach ◽  
Gamma Activity ◽  
Subjective Perception ◽  
Beta Activity ◽  
Behavioral Inhibition System ◽  
Cold Pain ◽  
Beta Power ◽  
Delta Activity

Abstract Using electroencephalography (EEG) power measures within conventional delta, theta, alpha, beta, and gamma bands, the aims of the current study were to highlight cortical correlates of subjective perception of cold pain (CP) and the associations of these measures with behavioral inhibition system (BIS), fight-flight-freeze system (FFFS), and behavioral approach system personality traits. EEG was recorded in 55 healthy right-handed women under (i) a white noise interruption detection condition (Baseline); (ii) enduring CP induced by the cold cup test. CP and Baseline EEG band power scores within conventional frequency bands served for covariance analyses. We found that: (1) higher Pain scorers had higher EEG beta power changes at left frontal, midline central, posterior temporal leads; (2) higher BIS was associated with greater EEG delta activity changes at parietal scalp regions; (3) higher FFFS was associated with higher EEG delta activity changes at temporal and left-parietal regions, and with lower EEG gamma activity changes at right parietal regions. High FFFS, compared to Low FFFS scorers, also showed a lower gamma power across the midline, posterior temporal, and parietal regions. Results suggest a functional role of higher EEG beta activity in the subjective perception of tonic pain. EEG delta activity underpins conflict resolution system responsible for passive avoidance control of pain, while higher EEG delta and lower EEG gamma activity changes, taken together, underpin active avoidance system responsible for pain escape behavior.

Eine deutschsprachige Version des BIS/BAS-Fragebogens von Carver und White

2001 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 216-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Strobel ◽  
André Beauducel ◽  
Stefan Debener ◽  
Burkhard Brocke
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Inhibition ◽  
Behavioral Approach ◽  
Behavioral Inhibition System ◽  
Wird Eine ◽  
Behavioral Approach System ◽  
Reward Responsiveness ◽  
Psychometrische Eigenschaften ◽  
Fun Seeking ◽  
Deutschsprachige Version

Zusammenfassung: Grays Theorie zum Verhaltenshemmsystem (Behavioral Inhibition System, BIS) und zum Verhaltensaktivierungssystem (Behavioral Approach System, BAS) ist von besonderer Relevanz für die biopsychologisch orientierte Persönlichkeitsforschung. Zur Erfassung der auf diesen beiden Systemen basierenden Dispositionen liegt für den englischen Sprachraum der BIS/BAS-Fragebogen von Carver und White vor, der vier Skalen (BIS, BAS Fun Seeking, BAS Drive und BAS Reward Responsiveness) umfaßt. Die vorliegende Arbeit stellt eine bisher nicht verfügbare deutsche Adaption des BIS/BAS-Fragebogens vor. 389 Männer und Frauen im Alter von 18-68 Jahren bearbeiteten eine Übersetzung des 24 Items umfassenden Inventars. Analysen erbrachten akzeptable psychometrische Eigenschaften der Skalen. Strukturüberprüfungen konnten die postulierte vierfaktorielle Struktur nicht bestätigen, weder auf der Basis der Extraktionskriterien noch mithilfe konfirmatorischer Analysen. Die Extraktionskriterien sprachen für eine zwei- bzw. dreifaktorielle Lösung. Auch aus theoretischen Gründen wird eine zweifaktorielle Lösung mit den Faktoren BIS und BAS präferiert. Weiterführende Studien sollten sich vorrangig mit einer Revision des Itemformats sowie mit der weiteren Überprüfung der faktoriellen Struktur des BIS/BAS-Fragebogens befassen.

SEX DIFFERENCES IN RETARDATION OF SKELETAL DEVELOPMENT IN RURAL GUATEMALA

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 912-915
Author(s):  
Ricardo A. Blanco ◽  
Roy M. Acheson ◽  
Cipriano Canosa ◽  
Joao B. Salomón
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Skeletal Development ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Senior Author ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The U.S

This is a cross sectional study of the cortical thickness of the second metacarpal as judged from radiographs of the hand and wrist of 1,409 children under 7 years of age (691 boys and 718 girls) from a rural area of Guatemala. The data were compared with standards of United States children. All the films were read by the senior author. It was found that after reaching the age of 2 years the cortices of the boys were consistently thinner than those of the girls. Both sexes had age-specific mean values which were significantly lower than those of healthy U.S. children of the same age. However, the boys lagged further behind the U.S. standards than did the girls, and this difference in retardation between the sexes was significant.

Helicobacter Pylori Infection Is Associated with Neurodegeneration in Cognitively Normal Men

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Jaehong Park ◽  
Tae Jun Kim ◽  
Joo Hye Song ◽  
Hyemin Jang ◽  
Ji Sun Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Inflammatory Marker ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Intracranial Volume ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cortical Thinning ◽  
H Pylori ◽  
Normal Men

Background: An association between Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and dementia was reported in previous studies; however, the evidence is inconsistent. Objective: In the present study, the association between H. pylori infection and brain cortical thickness as a biomarker of neurodegeneration was investigated. Methods: A cross-sectional study of 822 men who underwent a medical health check-up, including an esophagogastroduodenoscopy and 3.0 T magnetic resonance imaging, was performed. H. pylori infection status was assessed based on histology. Multiple linear regression analyses were conducted to evaluate the relationship between H. pylori infection and brain cortical thickness. Results: Men with H. pylori infection exhibited overall brain cortical thinning (p = 0.022), especially in the parietal (p = 0.008) and occipital lobes (p = 0.050) compared with non-infected men after adjusting for age, educational level, alcohol intake, smoking status, and intracranial volume. 3-dimentional topographical analysis showed that H. pylori infected men had cortical thinning in the bilateral lateral temporal, lateral frontal, and right occipital areas compared with non-infected men with the same adjustments (false discovery rate corrected, Q <  0.050). The association remained significant after further adjusting for inflammatory marker (C-reactive protein) and metabolic factors (obesity, dyslipidemia, fasting glucose, and blood pressure). Conclusion: Our results indicate H. pylori infection is associated with neurodegenerative changes in cognitive normal men. H. pylori infection may play a pathophysiologic role in the neurodegeneration and further studies are needed to validate this association.

scholarly journals Age-Related Decline in Children’s Reward Sensitivity: Blacks’ Diminished Returns

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. p112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shervin Assari
Keyword(s):  
Racial Differences ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Black Children ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Reward Sensitivity ◽  
Behavioral Approach ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
White Children ◽  
Age Related ◽  
American Children

Background: It is important to study the correlates of reward sensitivity since it predicts high-risk behaviors. While ageing reduces children’s reward sensitivity and its associated risk taking, there is more to find out about racial differences in regard to the effect of age on reward sensitivity. Minorities’ Diminished Returns (MDRs) suggest that resources and assets show weaker effects on Black children than White children. Aim: We compared White children to Black children as for the effects of age on reward sensitivity. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 10533 American children who participated in the baseline of the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study. The independent variable was age, while the dependent variable was reward sensitivity as captured by the behavioral approach/behavioral avoidance system (BAS-BIS). Gender, parental education, marital status, parental education, and household income were the covariates. Results: Higher age was associated with less reward sensitivity. A significant interaction was found between race and age when it comes to children’s reward sensitivity. It suggested that age is associated with a smaller gain in terms of reduced reward sensitivity in Black children than White children. Conclusion: Age is more likely to reduce reward sensitivity in White children than Black children. This finding is in line with MDRs, and may be due to social racism, segregation, stratification, and discrimination.

scholarly journals Problems of the defining the dimensions of the Gray's reinforcement sensitivity theory

Psihologija ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Snezana Smederevac ◽  
Dusanka Mitrovic
Keyword(s):  
Big Five ◽  
Behavioral Inhibition ◽  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Behavioral Approach ◽  
Behavioral Inhibition System ◽  
Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory ◽  
Psychometric Characteristics ◽  
Factor Solution ◽  
Sensitivity Theory ◽  
Reinforcement Sensitivity

Jeffrey Gray has modified Eysenck's system by rotating the dimensions of extraversion and neuroticism by 45 degrees, which resulted in two new dimensions: impulsivity (behavioral approach system) and anxiety (behavioral inhibition system). The main purpose of this study was to examine psychometric properties of the BIS/BAS scale, inventory for assessment of dimensions included in Gray's theory, in order to, also, test the foundation of the Gray's constructs themselves. 476 participants were included, age 17 to 77. All subjects completed The BIS/BAS scale (Carver & White, 1994) and The Big Five Inventory (BFI; John, Donahue & Kentle, 1991, according to: John & Srivastava, 1999). Analysis of the BIS/BAS scale failed to replicate the original four-factor solution. Three factors were extracted, named Behavioral inhibition system (BIS), BAS-Striving for excitement and BAS-Drive. Psychometric characteristics of the BIS/BAS scale are not satisfactory. Result of the joint factor analysis of dimensions of the BIS/BAS scale and dimensions of the BFI questionnaire are three factors named active striving for reward, sensation seeking and anxiety. In general results can be considered supportive rather to Eysenck than to Gray, but they could also be ascribed to the failure in questionnaire operationalisation of the constructs of Reinforcement sensitivity theory.

scholarly journals Helicobacter Pylori Infection is Associated With Neurodegeneration in Cognitively Normal Males

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaehong Park ◽  
Tae Jun Kim ◽  
Joo Hye Song ◽  
Hyemin Jang ◽  
Ji Sun Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Inflammatory Marker ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Intracranial Volume ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Normal Males ◽  
H Pylori

Abstract Background An association between Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and dementia was reported in previous studies, however, the evidence is inconsistent. In the present study, the association between H. pylori infection and brain cortical thickness as a biomarker of neurodegeneration was investigated. Methods A cross-sectional study of 1,446 healthy adults who underwent a medical health check-up, including an esophagogastroduodenoscopy and 3.0 T magnetic resonance imaging was performed. H. pylori infection status was assessed based on histology. Multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to evaluate the relationship between H. pylori infection and brain cortical thickness. Results Males with H. pylori infection exhibited cortical thinning in the bilateral lateral temporal, lateral frontal, and right occipital areas compared with non-infected males after controlling for age, educational level, alcohol intake, smoking status, and intracranial volume. The association remained significant after further adjusting for inflammatory marker (C-reactive protein) and metabolic factors (obesity, dyslipidemia, fasting glucose, and blood pressure). However, an association between H. pylori infection and brain cortical thickness was not observed in females. Conclusions The findings indicate H. pylori infection is associated with neurodegenerative changes in cognitive normal males, independent of chronic inflammation or metabolic syndrome.

Validation of the Measure of Revised Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory Constructs

2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Snežana Smederevac ◽  
Dušanka Mitrović ◽  
Petar Čolović ◽  
Željka Nikolašević
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Inhibition ◽  
Internal Validity ◽  
Behavioral Approach ◽  
Behavioral Inhibition System ◽  
Personality Questionnaire ◽  
Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory ◽  
Sensitivity Theory ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Reinforcement Sensitivity ◽  
Components Analysis

The paper presents validation of the Reinforcement Sensitivity Questionnaire (RSQ), measuring the constructs of the Revised Reinforcement Sensitivity theory (RST). The research was conducted on a sample of 565 participants, using three measures of the constructs of the Revised Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory – the Behavioral Inhibition System/Behavioral Approach System (BIS/BAS) scale, Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory Personality Questionnaire (RST-PQ), and Reinforcement Sensitivity Questionnaire. The results of confirmatory factor analysis suggest good internal validity of the RSQ, while the results of principal components analysis show that the RSQ scales are significantly related to other RST measures.

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