scholarly journals Government Expenditure and Poverty Reduction in Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor E. Oriavwote ◽  
Andrew Ukawe
Keyword(s):  
Granger Causality ◽  
Government Spending ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Government Expenditure ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Poverty Level ◽  
Causality Test ◽  
Per Capita

<p><em>This research investigates the relevance of government expenditure on poverty reduction in Nigeria. The main objective is thus to investigate whether the poverty reduction efforts through government spending has actually translated into a reduction in the poverty level. The study covered the period between 1980 and 2016. The ECM model and cointegration models of the OLS as well as the granger causality techniques were used to analyze the data. The result of the ADF unit root test indicates that all the variables are I(1). The result of the Johansen cointegration indicates the existence of a long run equilibrium relationship among the variables. The result of the parsimonious ECM indicates that though the one period lag government expenditure on health has a significant and positive impact on the per capita income, it has a low elasticity. The result indicates further that government expenditure on education has a significant and positive impact on the per capita income. The result indicates further that government expenditure on building and construction has a significant and positive impact on the per capita income, the elasticity is however very low. The granger causality test result indicates no causality between government expenditure on health and education. A bicausal relationship however exists between government expenditure on education and per capita income. The result shows no causality between government expenditure on building and construction and the per capita income. The result recommends amongst others an increment and proper monitoring of government spending which could be enhanced through public private partnership.</em></p>

scholarly journals Faktor-faktor Yang Mempengaruhi AHH Provinsi Bali

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-83
Author(s):  
Luh Dita Darmayanti ◽  
Surya Dewi Rustariyuni
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Government Spending ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Government Expenditure ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Income Per Capita ◽  
Education And Health ◽  
Per Capita

The degree of public health can be measured by looking at the amount of Life Expectancy (AHH). AHH is the result of calculating projections often used as one of the People's Welfare Indicators (IKR). Assuming a declining trend in infant mortality rates (IMR) and changes in the population's age composition, the objectives in this study are: 1) to analyze the effect of income per capita, government spending in education, and health simultaneously affect life expectancy in Bali Province / City in the 2011-2017 period and 2) to analyze the effect of per capita income, government spending the education and health sector influences the life expectancy in the Regency / City of Bali Province in the 2011-2017 period. The data used in this study is secondary data in 2011-2017. This study uses Multiple Linear Regression analysis techniques used to process classical assumption test data using Eviews 9. The results of this study stated that the variable income per capita (X1), government expenditure in education (X2), and government expenditure in health (X3) simultaneously affected the life expectancy (Y) in districts/cities in Bali Province. Partially per capita income has a positive and significant impact on life expectancy. Government expenditure in education and government expenditure in health does not affect life expectancy in Bali Province districts/cities.  

scholarly journals The Impact of Per Capita Income and Labour Absorption toward Poverty Level in Gorontalo Province

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nelvi Oktaviani R Gobel ◽  
Sri Endang Saleh
Keyword(s):  
Capita Income ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Poverty Level ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Labour Absorption

This research aims to investigate the impact of per capita income and labour absorption toward poverty level in Gorontalo Province during 2012-2017. This research uses time-series data model from secondary datasets that is obtained from Central Statistics Bureau (Badan Pusat Statistik, BPS). Main findings of this research shows that per capita income has negative impact on poverty level in Gorontalo province while labour absorption has positive impact on poverty level in Gorontalo Province. Keywords: Poverty; Per Capita Income; Labor Absorption

HISTORICAL AND ETHNOGRAPHICAL ASPECTS OF STUDYING DAGESTAN CARPET WEAVING

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 125-132
Author(s):  
S M Garunova
Keyword(s):  
Capita Income ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Relative Number ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Poverty Level ◽  
Subsistence Level ◽  
The North ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Republic

The author of the article analyzes the state of the indigent (poor) population of the Republic of Dagestan. The problem is very urgent in the modern period of crisis in our society due to the fact that poverty is the reason for intensification of social contradictions in it, degradation of the population, and complication of the demographic situation. The author of the article presents statistical data on average per capita income of the population of the Dagestan Republic in 2002 - 2013. Since the interval distribution of incomes does not allow to characterize accurately the number of the indigent part of the population, the distribution of income according to the minimum subsistence level is considered. A significant poverty reduction in the Republic of Dagestan during the period under consideration is shown. Besides, the article presents the median per capita income, which is used in western countries and in some republics of the former Soviet Union to estimate the level of poverty. Depending on 40%, 50%, 60% of the median, like in these countries, the relative number of the indigent population in the Republic of Dagestan and in other regions of the North Caucasian Federal District is determined, which makes it possible to determine the level of extreme poverty in the Republic of Dagestan in 2013. The author shows the ratio of the average wage of 10% of employees with the highest wage to 10% of employees with the lowest wage in the institutions of the subjects of the Russian Federation in the North Caucasian Federal District and comes to the conclusion that in 2013 the poverty level in the region was lower than in the Republic of Dagestan.

scholarly journals Impact of Remittance on Household Income, Consumption and Poverty Reduction of Nepal

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Nirajan Bam ◽  
Rajesh Kumar Thagurathi ◽  
Deepak Neupane
Keyword(s):  
Capita Income ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Living Standard ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Poor Quintile ◽  
Consumption Level ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Impact

<p>The study aims to identify the impact of remittance income on household per capita income, consumption, poverty headcount ratio and poverty gap by using simple linear and log linear regression model furthermore it focused on to identify the gap of income and consumption level of upper and poor quintile population and compare the income and consumption level of different development region of Nepal by using data of Nepal living standard survey III.It was found that,remittance income has statistically significant positive impact on household per capita income and consumption.There is significant negative relationship between remittance income and proportion of poor quintile population and significant positive relationship between remittance income and richest quintile population. It indicates that due to remittance income lower quintile population was decreased significantly and richest quintile population was increased significantly. Furthermore there is inverse relationship between remittance and poverty head count ratio and poverty gap, which indicates increment on average per capita remittance income reduce the poverty headcount ratio and poverty gap.</p><p> <strong><em>Economic Literature</em></strong><em>, </em>Vol. XIII August 2016, page 1-8</p><p> </p>

scholarly journals Decentralization and Its Impact on Growth in India

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 130-151
Author(s):  
Fernanda Andrade de Xavier ◽  
Aparna P. Lolayekar ◽  
Pranab Mukhopadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Capital Expenditure ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Reverse Causality ◽  
Social Expenditure ◽  
Causality Test ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
National Growth

We study the effect of revenue decentralization (RD) and expenditure decentralization (ED) on sub-national growth in India from 1981–1982 to 2015–2016 for 14 large (non-special-category) states. Our study provides evidence that both RD and ED play a defining role in India’s sub-national growth in this three-and-a-half-decade period. We use a panel data model with fixed effects (FE) and Driscoll and Kraay standard errors that control for heteroscedasticity, autocorrelation and cross-sectional dependence. To test for causality between growth and decentralization, we use the Granger non-causality test. The regression analysis is supplemented with the distribution dynamics approach. We find that: (a) While decentralization Granger-caused economic growth, the reverse causality effect of growth on decentralization was not significant; (b) Economic growth increased significantly after liberalization; (c) Decentralization, capital expenditure and social expenditure had significant positive impacts on economic growth; and (d) States that had high levels of decentralization also had high levels of per capita income, while states that had low decentralization also exhibited low per capita income.

Film Production And Economic Performance: Should South Africa Invest In Movies?

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-144
Author(s):  
Andrew Phiri ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Government Spending ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Film Production ◽  
Domestic Investment ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Per Capita

The movie industry is increasingly recognised as a possible avenue for improving economic performance. This study focuses on film production and its influence on South African economic growth (per capita income and employment between 1970 and 2020). Our autoregressive lag distributive (ARDL) estimates on a loglinearised endogenous growth model augmented with creative capital indicate that the production of movies has no significant effects on long-run GDP growth, per capita GDP and employment. The baseline regressions find a short-run positive and significant influence of film production on per capita income and are devoid of long-run effects. However, re-estimating the regressions with interactive terms between movie production and i) government spending ii) foreign direct investment, improve the significance of film regression coefficients which all turn positive and significant, for government spending, and negative for foreign direct investment. Our results indicate that foreign investment crowds out domestic investment whilst government investment in movies is growth-enhancing.

scholarly journals PENGARUH KETIMPANGAN PENDAPATAN, PENDAPATAN PER KAPITA, DAN PENGELUARAN PEMERINTAH DI BIDANG KESEHATAN TERHADAP SEKTOR KESEHATAN DI INDONESIA

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Uswatun Hasanah
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Health Effect ◽  
Government Expenditure ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Research Area ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Income Per Capita ◽  
Per Capita

AbstractHuman resource is one of capital importance in the development of a nation. One of the important aspects that affect human resources are a public health level, where health sector has an important role. The status of one's health is the result of the interaction of various factors, namely internal and external factors. Internal factors consist of physical and psychological factors, while external factors consist of economic factors, education, environment and cultureThis research aims to examine and analyze the effect of income inequality as measured by the Gini Ratio against the health sector as measured by life expectancy in Indonesia in 2005-2013. On the research of regression equation using data panels with Random Effects Model approach. The results of this research is the inequality of income, per capita income, and Government expenditure in the health effect simultaneously against health sector in Indonesia in 2005-2013 and is partial, inequality of income, per capita income, and Government expenditure in the health sector impact health sector in Indonesia in 2005-2013. Keywords : Health sector, income inequality, income per capita, Government expenditure in health sector. Research Area: Indonesia

scholarly journals Pengaruh Belanja Pemerintah Terhadap Pendapatan Perkapita Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Jamaludin Jamaludin ◽  
Hijri Juliansyah
Keyword(s):  
Government Spending ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Education And Health ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Republic

This study was conducted to determine the effect of government spending on the education and health sectors on Indonesia's per capita income. The data used in this study are time series data from 1990- 2018 obtained from the website of the Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Indonesia and the Indonesian Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS). The data are then analyzed using dynamic analysis of the ARDL model. The results showed that government spending in the education sector had no effect on Indonesia's per capita income for the 1990-2018 period, both in the long and short term. Government spending in the health sector affects Indonesia's per capita income for the 1990-2018 period in the short and long term

scholarly journals Analisis pengaruh pendapatan perkapita dan belanja modal terhadap tingkat kemiskinan di Pulau Sumatera

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 135-148
Author(s):  
Wenny Tri Septiani ◽  
Zamzami Zamzami ◽  
Candra Mustika
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Capital Expenditure ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Poverty Level ◽  
Panel Data Regression ◽  
Data Regression ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Poverty Levels

This study aims to: 1) To analyze and determine the development of per capita income, capital expenditure, and poverty levels on the island of Sumatra. 2) To analyze and determine the effect of per capita income and capital expenditure on poverty levels in Sumatra Island. The research analysis tool used panel data regression analysis tools. Based on the results of panel data regression, it can be concluded that per capita income and capital expenditure on the poverty level together have a significant effect. Whereas partially only the per capita income variable had a significant and negative effect on the poverty level, while capital expenditure had no significant and positive effect on the poverty level. Keywords: Poverty rate, Per capita income, Capital expenditures

scholarly journals Var Modelling of Dynamics of Poverty, Unemployment, Literacy and Per Capita Income in Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-88
Author(s):  
Adefemi Alamu Obalade ◽  
Ayooluwade Ebiwonjumi ◽  
Anthony Olugbenga Adaramola
Keyword(s):  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Var Model ◽  
National Bureau ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Literacy Rate ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Research background: Poverty, unemployment, literacy and per capita income are intertwined. However, there seems to be a disconnect between literacy and good living in Nigeria. Purpose: This study investigated the dynamic relationship between poverty, unemployment, literacy and per capita income in Nigeria by examining the impact, shocks and responses among these identified variables. Research methodology: The secondary data on poverty, unemployment and literacy rates were extracted from the National Bureau of Statistics and per capita income was extracted from the World Bank Annual Report. A vector autoregressive (VAR) model of lag order (4) was adopted for the study. Results: The results revealed that poverty rate is an increasing function of unemployment rate and literacy rate and a reducing function of per capita income. The results further showed that dynamics of poverty is affected by shocks in unemployment rate, literacy rate and per capita income. Novelty: Therefore, the study concluded that literacy rate fails as a vital tool for poverty reduction and that the high rate of unemployment results in chronic poverty. The application of VAR to untangle the interrelationship among the variables, without doubt, adds to the literature on the uses of the VAR model.

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