scholarly journals Measures of Harm from Heavy Metal Pollution in Battery Technicians’ Workshop within Ilorin Metropolis, Kwara State, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. p73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry Olawale SAWYERR ◽  
Morufu Olalekan RAIMI ◽  
Adedotun Timothy ADEOLU ◽  
Oluwaseun Emmanuel ODIPE
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Normal Ranges ◽  
Significant Negative Relationship ◽  
Slight Contamination

Soil pollution with Heavy Metals (HMs) has been of much interests lately and is one of the major issues to be faced globally and requires attention because heavy metals above their normal ranges are extremely threatened to both biotic and abiotic life. It was therefore of interest to conduct study to assess the extent of heavy-metal contamination of soils within battery technicians’ workshops within Ilorin metropolis, Kwara State, Nigeria. A total of twenty-five composite soil samples were collected from six selected battery charger workshop within Ilorin metropolis and analyzed for the presence of heavy metals using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Result reveals significant positive relationship between Mn and Fe (r=0.511**, p<0.001), Mn and Cu (r=0.565**, p<0.001), Fe and Cr (r=0.895**, p<0.001), Fe and Cu (r=0.823**, p<0.001) and between Cr and Cu (r=830**, p<0.001). Result also shows significant negative relationship between Mn and Cr (r=-0.679**, p<0.001), Pb and Cu (r=-0.468*, p<0.05) respectively. The pollution status of heavy metals in soils was evaluated using quantitative indices (pollution index–PI). The result shows that Zn was moderately contaminated while other heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Cr and Cu) had very slight contamination (pollution index<0.1). The Ilorin metropolis soils of Kwara State were found to have a moderate to very slight contamination respectively. Large variations in PI values of Zn revealed that soil in those areas of the city, which are influenced by anthropogenic activities, have moderate concentrations of Zn resulting in “considerable risk”. The findings of this study recommend comprehensive continuous annual monitoring and auditing and further studies on the level of these heavy metals in the near future to ascertain long-term effects of anthropogenic impact is forestalled to protect the men and the environment. This should also involve larger coverage with studies on ground water around such locations. Furthermore, continuous metals speciation should be carried out so that the form and extent of metal bioavailability can be evaluated further.

scholarly journals INDEX MODELS ASSESSMENT OF HEAVY METAL CONTAMINATION IN SOIL SAMPLES OF SELECTED MOTOR PARKS WITHIN MAIDUGURI, BORNO STATE, NIGERIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-14
Author(s):  
A.I. Mohammed ◽  
A.A. Ahmed ◽  
J.U. Jibrin
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Contamination Factor ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Pollution Load Index ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
World Health ◽  
Potential Threat

Heavy metal pollution is a global issue of concern which results from both biogenic and anthropogenic activities. Hence, an investigation of soil pollution is pertinent because of its potential threat to human health. The present study examined the concentrations, contamination and pollution load index cum ecological risk factor for some heavy metals in soil samples collected from Borno Express (BOEXP), Tashan Kano (TASKP) and Tashan Bama (TASBP) motor parks within Maiduguri, Borno state of Nigeria. The data obtained showed mean concentration range of 0.34 - 1.18 mg/kg, 0.04 - 0.15 mg/kg, 0.07 - 0.41 and 0.18 - 0.29 mg/kg for Zn, Cr, Cd and Cu respectively. Nonetheless, lead was not detected in any and all samples analyzed. The increasing order of concentrations in the soils followed: Zn > Cu > Cr > Cd, Cu > Cd > Zn > Cr and Cd > Zn > Cu > Cr for BOEXP, TASKP and TASBP motor parks respectively. Notwithstanding, the results showed lower concentrations to the allowable limits of World Health Organization (WHO). Furthermore, the contamination factor of cadmium in the TASKP fell within the (0.10 – 0.25) category, indicative of slight contamination whereas in TASBP, the calculated value 0.5125 was within (0.51 -0.75) category implying severe contamination. The other heavy metals analyzed showed contamination factor as well as pollution index values < 0.1 indicative of very slight contamination.Keywords: Borno Express, Tashan Kano, Tashan Bama, Motor Parks, Contamination Index.

scholarly journals The Preliminary Study for Effect of Plant Extract on Concentration of Heavy Metals in Soil

2021 ◽  
Vol 945 (1) ◽  
pp. 012065
Author(s):  
Li Na Lee ◽  
Xinxin Guo ◽  
Jinq Shiou Lim ◽  
Rou Hui Wong ◽  
Choon Aun Ng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Plant Extract ◽  
Metal Contamination ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Liquid Form ◽  
Weight Percentage ◽  
Spiked Soil

Abstract Heavy metal contamination in soils had arisen into a more prominent problem as a result of increasing anthropogenic activities like manufacturing, mining, excessive application of agricultural chemicals and inappropriate disposal of wastes. Researchers across the globe had been striving to discover and develop methods to restore the soil back to its original condition with an assortment of remediation techniques that varies from treatment mechanism for various soil and contamination condition. Majority of the existing techniques have drawbacks like high energy consumption, specificity on the site condition, limitations on applicable contaminants, side effects after treatment, and also being uneconomical. More and more researchers are beginning to divert their attention into using organic stabilizers for treatment of soil heavy metal contamination in recent years after learning about its potential after numerous research showed promising reduction on the bioavailability and mobility of heavy metals. Due the lack of study on liquid-form organic stabilizers, the authors dedicated this research into implementing plant extract (TM) in the immobilization of heavy metals in soil. For comparison purpose, sodium alginate (SA), a proven organic stabilizer had been incorporated into the experiment to evaluate the performance of plant extract to immobilize cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), and manganese (Mn) from the metal-spiked soil samples in this research. The study findings suggested that the SA increased the unstable fractions, namely the exchangeable and carbonate fractions, of Cd relative to the untreated soil sample by 10.3 % to 5.2. On the other hand, the TM yields a result of 0.1 % to 1.1 % reduction of the unstable Cd. For the unstable Cr, both SA and TM decreased the concentration levels in the soil by 2.5 % to 8.0 % and 6.1 % to 7.9 % respectively. The results for Mn showed that the SA is able to decrease the concentration of its unstable fractions by 2.0 % to 7.5 % while the TM increases the concentration by 11.7 % to 1.5 %. In general, lower concentration of heavy metals in the unstable fractions was detected as the dosage of soil stabilizers applied increases. The application of soil stabilizers at 10 % weight percentage yields the lowest reading of unstable heavy metals in comparison with samples with lower dosage.

HEAVY METALS IN FOOD CROPS: IDEAL SOURCES AND ROLES OF URBAN AGRICULTURE IN FACILITATING THEIR CONSUMPTION- A REVIEW

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 34-45
Author(s):  
N. Abdullahi ◽  
E. C Igwe ◽  
M. A. Dandago ◽  
N. B. Umar
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Agricultural Soil ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Wastewater Irrigation ◽  
Food Crops ◽  
Urban Food Production ◽  
Soil And Water

The qualities of agricultural soil and water are diminishing continuously due to the rigorous anthropogenic activities currently stocking the soil with a lot of toxic chemicals including heavy metals. Heavy metals are highly persistent and non-biodegradable, control of their contamination is very tricky to handle. Their presence in soil and water is detrimental to food crops and humans. Various sources of heavy metals contaminants and the role of urban food production on human heavy metal contamination were discussed.Heavy metals have their way into the soil and food crops through wastewater irrigation and production in contaminated soil. The habitual heavy metals contamination sources for food crops are wastewater irrigation, abuse of agrochemicals, production in the contaminated field, atmospheric deposit when foods are exposed to contaminated air, and unethical mining activities. Agricultural soil in urban and peri-urban areas are heavily contaminated with heavy metal due to various anthropogenic activities. Wastewater irrigation intensify the contamination by supplying the soil with more heavy metals. The heavy metals are passed to food during production and subsequently to humans after consumption.

scholarly journals Heavy metal toxicity in agricultural soil due to rapid industrialization in Bangladesh: a review

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ram Proshad ◽  
Tapos Kormoker ◽  
Niaj Mursheed ◽  
Md. Monirul Islam ◽  
Md. Isfatuzzaman Bhuyan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Contamination ◽  
Agricultural Soil ◽  
Toxic Elements ◽  
Soil Microorganisms ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Industrial Area ◽  
Rapid Industrialization

Heavy metal is a member of loosely defined subset of elements that exhibit metallic properties. It mainly includes the transition metals, some metalloids, lanthanides, and actinides. Heavy metals are ubiquitous in the environment, as a result of both natural and anthropogenic activities. They are stable and cannot be destroyed, and therefore tend to accumulate in the environment. In recent years, there has been a substantial concern over the extent of contamination of the environment with toxic elements. Soil pollution caused by rapid industrial activities has become a worrisome phenomenon due to its impact on soil and environment. Heavy metal pollution in soil arising from industrial discharges significantly poses a great threat to the environment. Heavy metals come to the soil by several ways and the soil becomes toxic which cause serious problem to the environment. In toxic soil, microorganisms cannot persist and there create an imbalance situation in the soil. The main objective of this study was to assess the problem of heavy metal contamination in industrial area soil in Bangladesh with environmental risk assessment.

scholarly journals Hazardous Heavy Metals Accumulation and Health Risk Assessment of Different Vegetable Species in Contaminated Soils from a Typical Mining City, Central China

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 2617
Author(s):  
Zhen Wang ◽  
Jianguo Bao ◽  
Tong Wang ◽  
Haseeb Tufail Moryani ◽  
Wei Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Potential Ecological Risk ◽  
Central China ◽  
Crop Species

Heavy metal poisoning has caused serious and widespread human tragedies via the food chain. To alleviate heavy metal pollution, particular attention should be paid to low accumulating vegetables and crops. In this study, the concentrations of five hazardous heavy metals (HMs), including copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and arsenic (As) were determined from soils, vegetables, and crops near four typical mining and smelting zones. Nemerow’s synthetical pollution index (Pn), Potential ecological risk index (RI), and Geo-accumulation index (Igeo) were used to characterize the pollution degrees. The results showed that soils near mining and metal smelting zones were heavily polluted by Cu, Cd, As, and Pb. The total excessive rate followed a decreasing order of Cd (80.00%) > Cu (61.11%) > As (45.56%) > Pb (32.22%) > Cr (0.00%). Moreover, sources identification indicated that Cu, Pb, Cd, and As may originate from anthropogenic activities, while Cr may originate from parent materials. The exceeding rates of Cu, Cr, Pb, Cd, and As were 6.7%, 6.7%, 66.7%, 80.0%, and 26.7% among the vegetable and crop species, respectively. Particularly, vegetables like tomatoes, bell peppers, white radishes, and asparagus, revealed low accumulation characteristics. In addition, the hazard index (HI) for vegetables and crops of four zones was greater than 1, revealing a higher risk to the health of local children near the mine and smelter. However, the solanaceous fruit has a low-risk index (HI), indicating that it is a potentially safe vegetable type.

scholarly journals Heavy metal contamination of the Curonian Lagoon bottom sediments (Lithuanian waters area)

Baltica ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kęstutis Jokšas ◽  
Arūnas Galkus ◽  
Rimutė Stakėnienė
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Metal Contamination ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
River Delta ◽  
Curonian Lagoon ◽  
Aquatic Area ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentrations

Samples of surface (0–3 cm) bottom sediments of the Lithuanian aquatic area of the Curonian Lagoon and Nemunas River delta were taken from 41 sites in 2013 and 2014. Sediment parameters, such as the percentage of particles, concentration of organic carbon and heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Ni, Pb, Cr, Cd, and Hg), were determined. The heavy metal contamination of the surface layer of bottom sediments was determined using the Nemerov’s pollution index applied to soil. The spatial distribution of contamination indices and the dependence of contamination dynamics on sedimentation factors were analysed. It was determined that heavy metal concentrations had a tendency to increase as sediment particles became finer and as Corg concentration increased. A greater amount of pollutants got into the aquatic area of the Curonian Lagoon that was closer to the Klaipėda harbour than into other lagoon zones. The heavy metals for the integral pollution index for the Curonian Lagoon and Nemunas River delta surface bottom sediments could be arranged in the following order: Cd>Pb>Cu>Ni>Hg>Cr>Zn.

Assessment of Heavy Metal Contamination in Soils around Coal Mine Spoil Piles in Shiguai District of Baotou, Inner Mongolia, Northern China

2012 ◽  
Vol 518-523 ◽  
pp. 2068-2072 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ren Xin Zhao ◽  
Wei Guo ◽  
Wen Hui Sun ◽  
Wei Nan Gao ◽  
Xiao Ling Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Coal Mine ◽  
Inner Mongolia ◽  
Metal Contamination ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Mine Spoil ◽  
Pollution Level

The concentration of heavy metals (Cr, Cu, Ni, Zn, Mn and Fe) were studied around coal mine spoil piles in Shiguai district of Baotou located in Inner Mongolia grassland and desert transition zone. Aim of the study is to control soil heavy metal pollution of coal mining area and provide the basic data information. The results indicated that concentrations of Cu, Cr, Ni and Zn in the soil along the roadsides were higher than other sampling areas. The pollution characteristic and the elements of heavy metal contamination were corresponding with the concentrations of the different types of coal mine spoils. According to the single factor pollution index, soils from different regions were contaminated by Cr, Cu, Ni, Zn, Mn and Fe in varying degree. The pollution degree was in order: Cu > Cr > Fe > Zn > Ni > Mn. Nemerow’s synthetical pollution index indicated that soils from the roadsides had the most serious heavy metal contamination, the index was 3.11. The order of pollution level in different regions was: roadsides > flood land > farmland > woodland. The health and stabilization of environmental quality are being threatened by soil heavy metals.

scholarly journals Heavy metal remediation technologies in Latvia: possible applications and preliminary case study results / Technologie remediacji obszarów zanieczyszczonych metalami ciężkimi na Łotwie: możliwe zastosowania i wstępne wyniki badań

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 533-547
Author(s):  
Juris Burlakovs ◽  
Magnuss Vircavs
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Territorial Planning ◽  
Heavy Metal Remediation ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Polluted Sites

Abstract Environmental contamination with heavy metals as a result of anthropogenic activities is not a recent phenomenon. Contaminated sites with heavy metals can be found in functioning as well as abandoned industrial (brownfield) territories, landfills, residential areas with historical contamination, road sides and rarely in polluted sites by natural activities. Pollution data on its amount and concentrations is known from historical studies and monitoring nowadays, but it should be periodically updated for the use of territorial planning or in case of a change of the land use. A special attention should be paid to heavy metal contamination, because in many cases this contamination is most problematic for remediation. 242 territories now are numbered as contaminated and fixed in the National Register of contaminated territories - at least 56 of them are known as contaminated with heavy metals in different amount and concentration. Legislative aspects are discussed as well as an overview of soil and groundwater contamination research and the possible remediation technologies in Latvia are given. Two case studies are described in order to give the inside look in pre-investigations done before potential start of heavy metal remediation works.

scholarly journals Impact Appraisal of Industrialization on Heavy Metal Contamination of Sirsa River Located in the Shivalik Foothills of North Western Himalayas

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-259
Author(s):  
S K Bhardwaj ◽  
R Sharma ◽  
R K Aggarwal
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Western Himalayas ◽  
Riverine Ecosystems ◽  
Metal Index ◽  
Sirsa River

In the era of industrialization, deterioration in the quality of aquatic systems has necessitated the monitoring of the environmental contaminants amongst which heavy metals are one of the dangerous pollutants owing to their high toxicity and bioaccumulation. Therefore, heavy metal status of Sirsa river flowing through Baddi Barotiwala Nalagarh (BBN) industrial region was assessed dividing it into six equal stretches and taking river’s entry point to this region as control. In total there were seven treatments which were replicated six times. The nine heavy metals namely As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Pb, Ni, Zn and Mn were in the range of 0-0.02, 0-0.07, 0.02-0.10, 0.04-0.29, 0.09-1.20, 0.03-0.55, 0.03-0.27, 0.30-0.25 and 0.02-0.32 mg/l, respectively. All the metals were within the permissible limit prescribed by Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) except Ni and Pb. The mean value of Heavy metal pollution index (HPI) and Metal index (MI) was 999 and 13, respectively and waster was rated under poor to very poor category for drinking purposes. A strong positive correlation was observed between Cr, Fe, Cd, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn representing corresponding increase in their concentrations specifying thereby the common origin of these metals from industrial activities. Therefore, the strict compliance of regulatory standards enacted for emission and discharges from industrial areas is needed to maintain the homeostasis of these riverine ecosystems as well as to aid in designing strategies for long-term management of valuable water resources.

scholarly journals Accumulation of essential (copper, iron, zinc) and non-essential (lead, cadmium) heavy metals in Caulerpa racemosa, sea water, and marine sediments of Bintan Island, Indonesia

F1000Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 699
Author(s):  
Tengku Said Raza’i ◽  
Thamrin Thamrin ◽  
Nofrizal Nofrizal ◽  
Viktor Amrifo ◽  
Hilfi Pardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Contamination ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentration ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Caulerpa Racemosa ◽  
Mining Areas

Background: Heavy metals are materials naturally occurring in nature and increase with a rise in human activity. Ex-mining areas and domestic waste from human settlements are sources of heavy metal contamination that enter and pollute water, which then accumulates in various organisms including the Caulerpa racemosa community. The accumulation of heavy metals in C. racemosa has a wide impact on the food chain in aquatic ecosystems and humans because this alga is a consumptive commodity.   Methods: Sampling of C. racemosa was carried out at seven sites on Bintan Island, Indonesia covering the eastern (Teluk Bakau, Beralas Pasir, Malang Rapat), northern (Berakit and Pengudang), western (Sakera), and southern parts (Tg. Siambang). Sampling was carried out during different monsoons, and heavy metals in water and sediment samples were measured to determine the heavy metal concentration. Heavy metals were analyzed by a spectrophotometric method using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry.   Results: The results showed that heavy metal concentrations fluctuate according to changes in the wind season, which carry currents and spread pollutants into the water. The concentration of metal in the water is also from anthropogenic activities. The heavy metal content of cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), and zinc (Zn) in C. racemosa is high in locations close to settlements. Meanwhile, in seawater samples, Fe and Zn metals have the highest concentrations compared to others.  Conclusions: Ex-bauxite mines are a source of Fe and Zn metal contamination in the environment, especially at Tg. Siambang. The levels of these heavy metals in the sediment are also high, as surface particle deposits accumulate at the bottom of the sediment. In general, the levels of heavy metals Cd, Pb, Cu, Fe, and Zn increase in the northern monsoon because the dynamics of the water transport greater heavy metal pollution.

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