scholarly journals Ethnic Identity: A Study of Construct Equivalence

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 196
Author(s):  
Augustinus Supratiknya
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Identity ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Concurrent Validity ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Private University ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Validity Coefficient ◽  
Back Translation ◽  
Construct Equivalence ◽  
The One

This research aimed to examine the Multigroup Ethnic Identity Measure’s (MEIM 1992) adequacy to explore Indonesian youth’s ethnic identity. Hence MEIM 1992 was adapted into MEIM Indonesia through translation-back-translation method. Involving 448 (179 or 40% male and 269 or 60% female) students aged 17 – 28 years (Mean = 19.87; SD = 1.30) with different ethnic backgrounds in a private university in Yogyakarta as respondents, EFA with SPSS showed that the MEIM Indonesia measured one factor as MEIM 1992 does, CFA with R- studio showed that the one factor model fitted the data (factor loadings ranged from 0.323 to 0.750), its items had r it -s that ranged from 0.32 to 0.64, as a scale had a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.84, showed a concurrent validity coefficient r =0.23 (p < 0.01) with the RSeS Indonesia as a criterion, and was able to differentiate the levels of ethnic identity of sample pairs of Javanese, Bataks, Dayaks, Chinese, Florinese and a mixture of two or three ethnic groups. Hence, the MEIM Indonesia was conceptually and empirically proven to have construct equivalence with the 1992 MEIM as well as to show adequacy and was coined Skala Identitas Suku Bangsa (SISB).

Ethnicity of Turkic Central Asia

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Finke
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Identity ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
National Identities ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Shared Culture ◽  
Patrilineal Descent ◽  
Mongol Empire ◽  
The One

Ethnic identity is a fuzzy concept for several reasons. On the one hand, the very question of what is an ethnic group is not an easy one to answer. On the other hand, once this is established for a specific case, it is yet another task to define who belongs to it, and who does not, and how stable such assignments actually are. This is as true for Central Asia as for any other place in the world, and the fact that, for earlier periods of history, the records—both native ones and others—use a great variety of terms for human populations, does not make it any easier. Thus, it is largely unclear, which of the tribal groups or early statehoods correspond to a contemporary understanding of ethnicity. Anthropological scholarship on Central Asia has, by contrast, stressed the rather vague and floating categories that people in the region used to define themselves and others. According to this view, the creation of ethnic groups was largely a product of more or less artificial engineering during Soviet times. Before, local communities and extended kin groups, regularly reshuffled and redefined in history, were of much greater importance for people’s identification and alliances than language or assumed genetic ties. While there is some truth in that, the picture is more complex. Particularly among the Turkic-speaking groups in the region, a steady process of consolidation set in following the decline of the Mongol Empire, resulting in the emergence of contemporary ethnic groups out of earlier configurations. The underlying concepts of attachment and self-understanding vary, however, and can be distinguished in two different modes, roughly corresponding to the divide between nomadic and sedentary groups. Among the former, the idea of patrilineal descent, or a genealogical model, is at the bottom of internal divisions as well as external demarcation; in the oases, the prime criteria are proximity and shared culture, or a territorial model of ethnic identity. Kazaks and Uzbeks respectively represent examples of these two models. Processes of ethnic demarcation have, however, been greatly accelerated during the Soviet period and its aftermath. Today, a hasty search for national identities can be observed across the region; while following lines of Soviet ethnicity concepts, these identities fundamentally change their understanding as well as inter-ethnic and majority-minority relations. This is still a very open and dynamic process leading to new (inter-)ethnic constellations and political power relations.

Introducing the Ethnic One-Sided Violence dataset

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanne Fjelde ◽  
Lisa Hultman ◽  
Livia Schubiger ◽  
Lars-Erik Cederman ◽  
Simon Hug ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Identity ◽  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Power Relations ◽  
State Actors ◽  
Violence Against Civilians ◽  
The One ◽  
Data Program

This article introduces the Ethnic One-Sided Violence dataset (EOSV) that provides information on the ethnic identity of civilian victims of direct and deliberate killings by state and non-state actors from 1989 to 2013. The EOSV dataset disaggregates the civilian victims in the one-sided violence dataset from the Uppsala Conflict Data Program by identifying which ethnic group they belong to, using the list of politically relevant ethnic groups from the Ethnic Power Relations data. By providing information on the ethnic targets of violence, EOSV enables researchers to explore new questions about the logic and dynamics of violence against civilians.

scholarly journals Experiencing fear during the pandemic. The Polish version of the Fear of Covid-19 Scale.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irena Pilch ◽  
Zofia Kurasz ◽  
Agnieszka Turska-Kawa
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Good Reliability ◽  
Polish Version ◽  
Back Translation ◽  
Polish Language ◽  
The One

Background. The Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S) is a brief self-report measure developed at the beginning of the coronavirus pandemic (Ahorsu et al., 2020). The scale evaluates the emotional responses to COVID-19. To date, the FCV-19S has been translated and validated in about 20 languages and has been used in many published research. The current study aimed to validate the Polish version of the FCV-19S.Method. The FCV-19S was translated into Polish using forward- and back-translation. A total of 708 community members (Sample 1: 383 persons, 209 females, Sample 2: 325 persons, 198 females) participated in the study. A confirmatory factor analysis was performed to test the one-factor structure of the FCV-19S. Then, measurement invariance was analyzed across samples, gender, and age groups. To assess the validity of the scale, correlations between the FCV-19S and the remaining scales were computed.Results. Internal consistency of the FCV-19S was good in both samples (Cronbach's alpha .89 and .85). The CFA showed that the one-factor model fits the data well (RMSEA=0.067, 90% CI [0.059, 0.094], CFI= 0.977, TLI=0.965, GFI=0.986). The criteria for configural, metric, scalar, and strict invariance were met for all models tested. The FCV-19S scores correlated significantly with age, subjective vulnerability to the disease, neuroticism, self-reported compliance with the pandemic measures, and three kinds of preventive behavior (i.e., social distancing, hand hygiene, and disinfecting things).Conclusion. The current study contributes to the validation of the FCV-19S in the Polish language. The Polish version of the FCV-19S had a unidimensional structure, good reliability, and correlated as predicted with other variables. The scale can be useful not only for scientists but also for practitioners to identify individuals at higher risk of mental health problems related to the Covid-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals Experiencing fear during the pandemic: validation of the fear of COVID-19 scale in Polish

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e11263
Author(s):  
Irena Pilch ◽  
Zofia Kurasz ◽  
Agnieszka Turska-Kawa
Keyword(s):  
Factor Model ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Protective Behavior ◽  
Good Reliability ◽  
Online Study ◽  
Polish Version ◽  
Back Translation ◽  
The Government ◽  
The One

Background The Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S) is a brief self-report measure developed at the beginning of the coronavirus pandemic. The scale evaluates the emotional responses to COVID-19. To date, the FCV-19S has been translated and validated in about 20 languages and has been used in many published research. The current study aimed to validate the Polish version of the FCV-19S. Method The FCV-19S was translated into Polish using forward- and back-translation. From May 15th to June 15th 2020, a total of 708 community members (Sample 1: 383 persons, 209 females, Sample 2: 325 persons, 198 females) participated in the online study. The participants were recruited using online advertisements in social media. Participation was anonymous, voluntary, and without compensation. A confirmatory factor analysis was performed to test the one-factor structure of the FCV-19S. Then, measurement invariance was analyzed across samples, gender and age groups. To assess the validity of the scale, correlations between the FCV-19S and the remaining scales were computed. Results Internal consistency of the FCV-19S was good in both samples (Cronbach’s alpha 0.89 and 0.85). The CFA showed that the one-factor model fits the data well (RMSEA = 0.067, 90% CI [0.059–0.094], CFI = 0.977, TLI = 0.965, GFI = 0.986). The criteria for configural, metric, scalar and strict invariance were met for all models tested. The FCV-19S scores correlated significantly with age, subjective vulnerability to the disease, neuroticism, self-reported compliance with the pandemic measures, and three kinds of preventive behavior (i.e., social distancing, hand hygiene, and disinfecting things). Conclusion The Polish version of the FCV-19S had a unidimensional structure, good reliability, and correlated as predicted with other variables. With the FCV-19S and the obtained results, healthcare professionals, researchers, and the government can gain more valuable information about people who may be at risk for negative psychological outcomes during the pandemic or who are not implementing protective behavior. The tool can be used in hospitals to quickly screen the level of fear in patients and minimize its severe adverse consequences.

Exploring the Multidimensional Facets of Authoritarianism: Authoritarian Aggression and Social Dominance Orientation

2008 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Passini
Keyword(s):  
Social Dominance ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Social Dominance Orientation ◽  
Model Fit ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
The One ◽  
Better Than

The relation between authoritarianism and social dominance orientation was analyzed, with authoritarianism measured using a three-dimensional scale. The implicit multidimensional structure (authoritarian submission, conventionalism, authoritarian aggression) of Altemeyer’s (1981, 1988) conceptualization of authoritarianism is inconsistent with its one-dimensional methodological operationalization. The dimensionality of authoritarianism was investigated using confirmatory factor analysis in a sample of 713 university students. As hypothesized, the three-factor model fit the data significantly better than the one-factor model. Regression analyses revealed that only authoritarian aggression was related to social dominance orientation. That is, only intolerance of deviance was related to high social dominance, whereas submissiveness was not.

Afars of Ethiopia in the system of ethnic federalism

2018 ◽  
pp. 126-146
Author(s):  
Roza Ismagilova
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Identity ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Fundamental Principle ◽  
Ethnic Relations ◽  
The State ◽  
Political Crisis ◽  
The Political ◽  
Horn Of Africa ◽  
State Structure ◽  
Ethnic Federalism

The article pioneers the analyses of the results of ethnic federalism introduced in Ethiopia in 1991 – and its influence on Afar. Ethnicity was proclaimed the fundamental principle of the state structure. The idea of ethnicity has become the basis of official ideology. The ethnic groups and ethnic identity have acquired fundamentally importance on the political and social levels . The country has been divided into nine ethnically-based regions. The article exposes the complex ethno-political and economic situation in the Afar State, roots and causes of inter- and intra-ethnic relations and conflicts with Amhara, Oromo, Tigray and Somali-Issa, competition of ethnic elites for power and recourses. Alive is the idea of “The Greater Afar”which would unite all Afar of the Horn of Africa. The protests in Oromia and Amhara Regions in 2015–2017 influenced the Afar state as welll. The situation in Ethiopia nowadays is extremely tense. Ethiopia is plunging into serious political crisis. Some observers call it “the beginning of Ethiopian spring”, the others – “Color revolution”

Psychometric Properties of the Persian Version of the 11-Item de Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale in Iranian Older Adults

2021 ◽  
pp. 016327872110157
Author(s):  
Reza Hosseinabadi ◽  
Mahshid Foroughan ◽  
Gholamreza Ghaedamini Harouni ◽  
Mohammad-Sajjad Lotfi ◽  
Yadollah Pournia
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Content Validity ◽  
Concurrent Validity ◽  
Persian Version ◽  
Loneliness Scale ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Back Translation ◽  
The Face

Loneliness is usually a chronic condition which may lead to physical and psychological undesirable consequences, and requires measurement and intervention. This study was conducted with the aim of preparing a Persian version of the 11-item de Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale and evaluating its psychometric properties among the Iranian older adults. After applying the translation-back translation method, the prepared script was subjected to the face and content validity evaluations and a Persian version of the scale was prepared. Factor analysis, concurrent validity, internal consistency, and test-retest methods were used to validate the scale. The Persian version of the 11-item de Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale showed acceptable content validity. The negative and significant correlations between the loneliness scores and the Philadelphia Geriatric Center Morale Scale indicated that the questionnaire had acceptable concurrent validity. The results of confirmatory factor analysis confirmed two factors for the scale. Also, the results of the intra-class correlation coefficient and Cronbach’s alpha coefficient demonstrated that the scale had acceptable reliability. The Persian version of the 11-item de Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale is an appropriate tool for measuring loneliness in the Iranian older adults.

Interview for Deterioration in Daily Living Activities in Dementia: construct and concurrent validity in patients with mild to moderate dementia

2011 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 382-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Voigt-Radloff ◽  
Rainer Leonhart ◽  
Matthias Schützwohl ◽  
Luisa Jurjanz ◽  
Thomas Reuster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Concurrent Validity ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Cognitive Testing ◽  
Daily Living Activities ◽  
Moderate Dementia ◽  
Dementia Research ◽  
And Performance

ABSTRACTBackground: The purpose of the study was to translate the Interview for Deterioration in Daily Living Activities in Dementia (IDDD) into German and to evaluate the construct and concurrent validity in people with mild to moderate dementia.Methods: IDDD data of two pooled samples (n = 301) were analyzed regarding ceiling and bottom effects, internal consistency, factor reliability and correlations with corresponding scales on cognition and activities of daily living.Results: We found minimal bottom (< 5%) and ceiling (≤ 2%) effects, good internal consistency (Cronbach's α > 0.7) and moderate to good factor reliability (0.66–0.87). Low correlations with cognition (Pearson coefficient: < 0.17) confirmed the differences between cognitive testing and activities of daily living (ADL). Minor correlations with other ADL scores (r < 0.2) indicated that different scores cover a different range of ADLs. The original two factor model could not be confirmed. A suggested four factor model distinguishing initiative and performance of basic and instrumental ADL demonstrated better indices of fit and higher correlations with corresponding scales.Conclusion: A four factor model of the IDDD can be used in dementia research for assessing initiative in and performance of basic and household activities of daily living. The findings suggest that ADL scales correlate only poorly and that further development of the IDDD is needed to cover a broader range of ADLs.

scholarly journals Cross-cultural measurement invariance of the Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale across 11 world-wide societies

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 430-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Stevanovic ◽  
Z. Bagheri ◽  
O. Atilola ◽  
P. Vostanis ◽  
D. Stupar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Measurement Invariance ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Child Anxiety ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Anxiety And Depression

Background.In order to compare estimates by one assessment scale across various cultures/ethnic groups, an important aspect that needs to be demonstrated is that its construct across these groups is invariant when measured using a similar and simultaneous approach (i.e., demonstrated cross-cultural measurement invariance). One of the methods for evaluating measurement invariance is testing for differential item functioning (DIF), which assesses whether different groups respond differently to particular items. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cross-cultural measurement invariance of the Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale (RCADS) in societies with different socioeconomic, cultural, and religious backgrounds.Methods.The study was organised by the International Child Mental Health Study Group. Self-reported data were collected from adolescents residing in 11 countries: Brazil, Bulgaria, Croatia, Indonesia, Montenegro, Nigeria, Palestinian Territories, the Philippines, Portugal, Romania and Serbia. The multiple-indicators multiple-causes model was used to test the RCADS items for DIF across the countries.Results.Ten items exhibited DIF considering all cross-country comparisons. Only one or two items were flagged with DIF in the head-to-head comparisons, while there were three to five items flagged with DIF, when one country was compared with the others. Even with all cross-culturally non-invariant items removed from nine language versions tested, the original factor model representing six anxiety and depressive symptoms subscales was not significantly violated.Conclusions.There is clear evidence that relatively small number of the RCADS items is non-invariant, especially when comparing two different cultural/ethnic groups, which indicates on its sound cross-cultural validity and suitability for cross-cultural comparisons in adolescent anxiety and depressive symptoms.

Models of Self-Identification of Russian Bulgarians in Siberia: The Example of the Bulgarians of the Tyumen Region

2021 ◽  
pp. 111-121
Author(s):  
Марина Петровна Кляус ◽  
Галин Георгиев
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Identity ◽  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Cultural Interaction ◽  
Siberian Region ◽  
Geographic Dispersion ◽  
Bulgarian Population ◽  
Interethnic Interaction ◽  
Interethnic Marriages

В статье рассматриваются представления болгарского населения Тюменской области о своей этнической идентичности на современном этапе, а также предложены и охарактеризованы модели самоидентификации российских болгар. Источниковой базой выступили интервью с болгарами Тюмени и Нижневартовска. Качественный анализ интервью позволил выявить проблему этнической самоидентификации потомков межнациональных браков, особенности опыта респондентов в выборе этничности, направления процессов межэтнического взаимодействия в быту, языкового и культурного взаимовлияния. В статье рассмотрены и проанализированы общественные организации болгар, социальные платформы и виртуальные этнические группы. Авторы приходят к выводу, что болгары, проживающие в Тюменской области, несмотря на немногочисленность и дисперсность проживания, сохраняют свою этническую идентичность, успешно интегрировавшись в социально-экономическое, политическое и культурное пространство этого Западно-Сибирского региона. This article examines the ideas of the Bulgarian population of the Tyumen Region about its ethnic identity and proposes models of self-identification among Russian Bulgarians. Interviews with Bulgarians from Tyumen and Nizhnevartovsk were the source base. A qualitative analysis of the interviews revealed the problem of ethnic self-identification of the offspring of interethnic marriages; specifics of respondents’ experience in choosing ethnicity; and the nature of interethnic interaction in everyday life, including linguistic and cultural interaction. The article also considers public organizations of Bulgarians, social platforms and virtual ethnic groups. The authors conclude that the Bulgarians living in the Tyumen Region, despite their small number and geographic dispersion, retain their ethnic identity, successfully integrating into the socio-economic, political and cultural space of this West Siberian region.

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