scholarly journals KEUSAHAWANAN DAN USAHA KECIL DI PEDESAAN

Populasi ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Agus Sutanto
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Government Policy ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Small Enterprises ◽  
Formal Sector ◽  
Rural Entrepreneurship ◽  
International Donor ◽  
Growing Population ◽  
Special Region

Since the 1970s, the growing interest on the development of small enterprises has been decorating the scene of government policy in developing countries as well as the international donor concern. The failure and cost of industrialization, the limitations of the agricultural sector, and the low capability of the formal sector in responding to the growing population are among the factors justifying this policy initiation. Another important factor is the intrinsic potential and prospect of small enterprises, despite their development problems. This research conducted on 4 villages within the Province of Yogyakarta Special Region and CentralJava is aimed at contributing to a rather comprehensive view on the profile of small enterprises and the profile of small entrepreneurs. A specific emphasis is given to rural entrepreneurship due to its crucial role in accelerating the development of small enterprises.

scholarly journals How Do Women Overcome Gender Inequality by Forming Small-Scale Cooperatives? The Case of the Agricultural Sector in Uganda

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1797
Author(s):  
Amber Theeuwen ◽  
Valérie Duplat ◽  
Christopher Wickert ◽  
Brian Tjemkes
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Family Business ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Business Relationships ◽  
Female Farmers

In Uganda, the agricultural sector contributes substantially to gross domestic product. Although the involvement of Ugandan women in this sector is extensive, female farmers face significant obstacles, caused by gendering that impedes their ability to expand their family business and to generate incomes. Gender refers to social or cultural categories by which women–men relationships are conceived. In this study, we aim to investigate how gendering influences the development of business relationships in the Ugandan agricultural sector. To do so, we employed a qualitative–inductive methodology to collect unique data on the rice and cassava sectors. Our findings reveal at first that, in the agricultural sector in Uganda, inter-organization business relationships (i.e., between non-family actors) are mostly developed by and between men, whereas intra-organization business relationships with family members are mostly developed by women. We learn that gendering impedes women from developing inter-organization business relationships. Impediments for female farmers include their restricted mobility, the lack of trust by men, their limited freedom in communication, household duties, and responsibilities for farming activities up until sales. Our findings also reveal that these impediments to developing inter-organization business relationships prevent female farmers from being empowered and from attainting economic benefits for the family business. In this context, the results of our study show that grouping in small-scale cooperatives offers female farmers an opportunity to overcome gender inequality and to become economically emancipated. Thanks to these cooperatives, women can develop inter-organization relationships with men and other women and gain easier access to financial resources. Small-scale cooperatives can alter gendering in the long run, in favor of more gender equality and less marginalization of women. Our study responds to calls for more research on the informal economy in developing countries and brings further understanding to the effect of gendering in the Ugandan agricultural sector. We propose a theoretical framework with eight propositions bridging gendering, business relationship development, and empowerment and economic benefits. Our framework serves as a springboard for policy implications aimed at fostering gender equality in informal sectors in developing countries.

scholarly journals Sustainability Assessment and Agricultural Supply Chains Evidence-Based Multidimensional Analyses as Tools for Strategic Decision-Making—The Case of the Pineapple Supply Chain in Benin

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 2060
Author(s):  
Doriane Desclee ◽  
David Sohinto ◽  
Freddy Padonou
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Supply Chains ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Sustainability Assessment ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Strategic Decision ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Agricultural Supply

Contributing to Sustainable Development Goals and Agenda 2030 is a shared objective of all institutions and people. The challenges differ according to the characteristics of every context. In developing countries, strongly dependent on the agricultural sector, agricultural supply chains are recognized as crucial for economic growth and enablers for livelihood improvement. Moreover, sustainable development issues are correlated and can meet in agricultural supply chains. For several decades, parallel to decision-makers, the research community has elaborated sustainability assessment tools. Such tools evolved to fit with actuality, but it is challenging to find decision-making support tools for sustainable development adequate in agricultural supply chains and developing countries contexts. There is a necessity to define evidence-based tools and exhaustive analytical frameworks according to sustainability multidimensionality and strategical tradeoffs necessity. The VCA4D method aims to go beyond the limits of previous methods. It proposes a combination of multidisciplinary analytical tools applied empirically to analyze agricultural supply chains in their context. It provides evidence-based analytical results allowing to identify enablers for strategic sustainable and inclusive interventions. However, to even better meet contextual exhaustiveness’s expectations and indicators’ robustness to lead to relevant interventions, we should insist on a stricter framing of contextual data collection processes.

scholarly journals Natural Disasters and Economic Growth: The Mitigating Role of Microfinance Institutions

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 5055
Author(s):  
John Sseruyange ◽  
Jeroen Klomp
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Banking System ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Microfinance Institutions ◽  
Natural Event ◽  
Negative Effect

In this study, we explore whether microfinance institutions (MFIs) can mitigate the adverse macroeconomic consequences of natural disasters. The provision of capital immediately following a natural event is recognized as one of the necessary conditions for a fast economic recovery. However, one concern is that a large majority of natural disasters occur in developing countries where households and the private sector have only limited access to the formal banking system. As an alternative, MFIs may fill up this gap in providing liquidity in the form of microcredit. The existing evidence on how MFIs respond to disaster effects is foremost based on case and micro-level evidence. In turn, the focus of this study is more on the macro impact of MFI activities after a natural disaster. Based on the finding obtained from an OLS-FE model using an unbalanced panel considering more than 80 developing countries and emerging economies, we can conclude that natural disasters harm macroeconomic performance primarily through their effect on the agricultural sector. However, access to lending facilities from MFIs mitigates a large part of this negative effect. Moreover, the extent to which MFIs are able to mitigate these effects depends to a great extent on their nature, i.e., their organizational structure, profitability, legal status, age, and the number of clients they serve.

Analysis of Major Problems Faced by Small Firms in North India

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 150-160
Author(s):  
Davinder Singh ◽  
Jaimal Singh Khamba ◽  
Tarun Nanda
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Small Firms ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
North India ◽  
Small Enterprises ◽  
Employment Generation ◽  
Medium Enterprises

Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) have been noted to play a significant role in promoting economic growth in less developed countries, developing and also in developed countries. Worldwide, the micro and small enterprises have been accepted as the engine of economic growth of any nation. Small and Medium Enterprises are the backbone of the economies, because it trigger employment, output, export, poverty alleviation, economic empowerment, economic development etc. in developed as well as in developing countries. It is more important to developing countries as the poverty and unemployment are burning problems. MSMEs have been playing a momentous role in overall economic development of a country like India where millions of people are unemployed or underemployed. Therefore, the growth of small sectors is essential for the growth in the GDP, employment generation, total manufacturing production and export. India, being one of the fastest growing economies of the world, needs to pay an honest attention for the utmost growth of MSMEs for its increased contribution in above areas.

Kenya's Agriculture and the I.L.O. Employment Mission – Six Years After

1978 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 311-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric S. Clayton
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Good Deal ◽  
The Government ◽  
Blue Print

For two hectic months in 1972 an I.L.O./U.N.D.P. mission gathered in Nairobi to deliberate on the employment problems facing Kenya. The report which was published before the end of the year received a good deal of publicity,1 much of it complimentary, and served as a blue print for subsequent I.L.O. employment missions to other developing countries.2 Six years later it seems opportune to review briefly those of its recommendations which were specifically aimed at the agricultural sector, and to assess the extent to which they have influenced the policies of the Government.

Investment in the agricultural sector as a way to solve food security problems in developing countries: the example of investment activity of the US agribusiness

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Stepanovna Ustinovich ◽  
Tatyana Petrovna Boldyreva
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
International Investment ◽  
Investment Activity ◽  
Agricultural Investment ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
Potential Benefits

It is clear to everyone that investment in the agricultural sector in developing countries is one of the most effective ways to reduce poverty and hunger in the world. Agricultural investment can generate a wide range of development opportunities. However, these benefi ts cannot be expected to arise automatically. Some forms of large-scale investment pose significant risks to investor states. It should be noted, however, that, despite discussions about the potential benefits and risks of international investment, there is still no evidence of negative actual consequences for the countries receiving investments. This article examines the issues of investment activity in relation to developing countries using the example of US agribusiness entities.

scholarly journals Strategic Innovation, Knowledge Sharing and Policy Innovation Factors In E-Government in Developing Countries: The Case of Tanzania

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 91-123
Author(s):  
Lupilya Emmanuel Constantine ◽  
Park J Hun
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Knowledge Sharing ◽  
Government Policy ◽  
National Level ◽  
Policy Innovation ◽  
Think Tank ◽  
Government Institutions ◽  
Strategic Innovation ◽  
Research Alliance ◽  
Innovation Knowledge

The existing gap from strategic innovation in e-government knowledge creation has affected the effort to timely develop e-government policy in Tanzania. This paper is an attempt to describe multiple innovations outside the Tanzania that involve developing country collaboration, institutional innovation and resources and their linkages to national e-government-think tank. The central argument of this paper is to find factors for enhancing the development of national e-government policy innovation outside Tanzania. We developed national e-government policy framework to orchestrate local innovation and forge ahead of the e-government policy innovation. To do so, we developed and administered a set of the questionnaire from government and private institutions, entrepreneurship and social network group. Data collections were conducted from July 15 to September 20, 2015. The exploratory factor analysis using SPSS version 22 was employed to analyze data for strategic innovation, knowledge sharing, and e-government policy innovation. Four critical factors were identified as the key driver to the success of national e-government policy innovation: Coordinate knowledge sharing on e-government policies in the nation and international institutions; empower and coordinate e-government-think tank forum locally and nationally; create a technoculture society at local and national level; and Support e-government research alliance & engagement respectively. In additional, three developing countries were used as a reference model to support these findings. Our conclusion shows how national e-government-think tank and research alliance can become a strategic innovation in e-government towards coordinating knowledge sharing within private and government institutions. This can represent as "valuable and intellectual assets" for government institutions' stability and change towards national e-government policy innovation process.

scholarly journals Why Is Growth in Developing Countries So Hard to Measure?

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 215-242
Author(s):  
Noam Angrist ◽  
Pinelopi Koujianou Goldberg ◽  
Dean Jolliffe
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Informal Economy ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
National Accounts ◽  
Large Share ◽  
System Of National Accounts ◽  
Growth Measurement ◽  
Audit Data

Occasional widely publicized controversies have led to the perception that growth statistics from developing countries are not to be trusted. Based on the comparison of several data sources and analysis of novel IMF audit data, we find no support for the view that growth is on average measured less accurately or manipulated more in developing than in developed countries. While developing countries face many challenges in measuring growth, so do higher-income countries, especially those with complex and sometimes rapidly changing economic structures. However, we find consistently higher dispersion of growth estimates from developing countries, lending support to the view that classical measurement error is more problematic in poorer countries and that a few outliers may have had a disproportionate effect on (mis)measurement perceptions. We identify several measurement challenges that are specific to poorer countries, namely limited statistical capacity, the use of outdated data and methods, the large share of the agricultural sector, the informal economy, and limited price data. We show that growth measurement based on the System of National Accounts (SNA) can be improved if supplemented with information from other data sources (for example, satellite-based data on vegetation yields) that address some of the limitations of SNA.

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