scholarly journals Factors Affecting Pharmaceutical Care Implementation by Community Pharmacist: A Discrete Choice Experiment

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 136
Author(s):  
Nia Kurnia Sholihat ◽  
Masita Wulandari Suryoputri ◽  
Ade Martinus
Keyword(s):  
Pharmaceutical Care ◽  
Discrete Choice Experiment ◽  
Discrete Choice ◽  
Choice Experiment ◽  
Multinomial Logit Model ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Multinomial Logit ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Choice Sets

Even though pharmaceutical care has been proven increasing patients’ quality of life, pharmacists still have barriers to implement it. Our study aims to examine factors affecting pharmacists in the community to implement pharmaceutical care using a Discrete Choice Experiment (DCE). The study was a cross-sectional study. A structured DCE questionnaire was administered to 90 community pharmacists in Banyumas district, Indonesia. Respondents were chosen using a simple random sampling method. According to the literature review and expert opinions, the following six attributes were selected: pharmacists’ confidence; willingness to implement pharmaceutical care; communication skill; knowledge and professional skill; availability of time; and availability of space in pharmacy. Eighteen choice sets were developed. Each choice sets comprised of two scenarios. Respondents were asked to choose the scenario they preferred the most. Data were analyzed using multinomial logit model. Of 90 questionnaires distributed, 67 were analyzed. Based on multinomial logit, all attributes had a significant effect on pharmacists’ preferences to implement pharmaceutical care. The findings suggested that pharmacist association should train their member to increase professional skills, as well as the management of pharmacy should provide enough space to perform pharmaceutical care.

Analyzing German consumers’ willingness to pay for green electricity tariff attributes - a discrete choice experiment

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Danne ◽  
Saramena Meier-Sauthoff ◽  
Oliver Musshoff
Keyword(s):  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Discrete Choice Experiment ◽  
Discrete Choice ◽  
Choice Experiment ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Multinomial Logit Model ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Green Electricity ◽  
Electricity Tariff

Abstract Background: In order to achieve an environmentally friendly and sustainable energy supply, it is necessary that this goal is supported by society. In different countries worldwide it has been shown that one way consumers want to support the energy transition is by switching to green electricity. However, few people make the leap from their intention to a buying decision. This study explores parameters that influence whether German consumers would hypothetically decide to switch to a green electricity tariff.Methods: A quota-representative online survey including a discrete choice experiment with 371 German private households was conducted in 2016. For the econometric analysis, a generalized multinomial logit model in willingness to pay space was employed, enabling the estimation of WTP values to be as realistic as possible.Results: The results show that consumers’ decision whether or not to make the switch to green energy is mainly influenced by the source of green energy, whether a person can outsource the switching process, and a person’s attitude towards the renewable energy sources levy that currently exist in Germany.Conclusions: The findings indicate that politics should focus on supporting wind and solar energy as German consumers prefer these sources over biogas. As the results suggest, the EEG levy is a reason why consumers have lower WTP for switching to a green tariff. Therefore a switching bonus with a specifically “framed” bonus in the amount of the current EEG levy could be a promising strategy for the increase of green energy tariff acceptance. Furthermore, attention should be given to psychological and behavioral aspects, as the results indicate that these factors influence the consumer’s choice for a green electricity tariff.JEL classifications: C23, C25, Q40, Q50

scholarly journals Evaluation of strategies to communicate harmful and potentially harmful constituent (HPHC) information through cigarette package inserts: a discrete choice experiment

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 677-683 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramzi G Salloum ◽  
Jordan J Louviere ◽  
Kayla R Getz ◽  
Farahnaz Islam ◽  
Dien Anshari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Discrete Choice Experiment ◽  
Discrete Choice ◽  
Choice Experiment ◽  
Consumer Panel ◽  
Effective Manner ◽  
The Us ◽  
Choice Sets ◽  
Attribute Levels ◽  
Online Consumer ◽  
Cigarette Package

BackgroundThe US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has regulatory authority to use inserts to communicate with consumers about harmful and potentially harmful constituents (HPHCs) in tobacco products; however, little is known about the most effective manner for presenting HPHC information.MethodsIn a discrete choice experiment, participants evaluated eight choice sets, each of which showed two cigarette packages from four different brands and tar levels (high vs low), accompanied by an insert that included between-subject manipulations (ie, listing of HPHCs vs grouping by disease outcome and numeric values ascribed to HPHCs vs no numbers) and within-subject manipulations (ie, 1 of 4 warning topics; statement linking an HPHC with disease vs statement with no HPHC link). For each choice set, participants were asked: (1) which package is more harmful and (2) which motivates them to not smoke; each with a ’no difference' option. Alternative-specific logit models regressed choice on attribute levels.Results1212 participants were recruited from an online consumer panel (725 18–29-year-old smokers and susceptible non-smokers and 487 30–64-year-old smokers). Participants were more likely to endorse high-tar products as more harmful than low-tar products, with a greater effect when numeric HPHC information was present. Compared with a simple warning statement, the statement linking HPHCs with disease encouraged quit motivation.ConclusionsNumeric HPHC information on inserts appears to produce misunderstandings that some cigarettes are less harmful than others. Furthermore, brief narratives that link HPHCs to smoking-related disease may promote cessation versus communications that do not explicitly link HPHCs to disease.

Understanding preferences for lifestyle-focused visual text messages in patients with cardiovascular and chronic respiratory disease: a discrete choice experiment (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Choi ◽  
Rebecca Raeside ◽  
Karice Hyun ◽  
Stephanie Ruth Partridge ◽  
Aravinda Thiagalingam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Discrete Choice Experiment ◽  
Discrete Choice ◽  
Patient Preferences ◽  
Pulmonary Rehabilitation ◽  
Choice Experiment ◽  
Text Messaging ◽  
Text Messages ◽  
Choice Sets ◽  
Visual Text

BACKGROUND Supporting healthy lifestyle change is a key aim of cardiovascular and pulmonary rehabilitation programs. Text messaging programs have demonstrated effectiveness in cardiovascular disease risk reduction, weight loss, increasing physical activity and smoking cessation. Optimisation of text message programs may deliver greater population benefits as mobile phone usage becomes ubiquitous. Visual messaging (i.e. image-based messages) has the potential to communicate health messages via digital technology with enhanced engagement. OBJECTIVE To determine and understand patient preferences for lifestyle-focused visual text messages that support cardiovascular and pulmonary rehabilitation METHODS A discrete choice experiment was conducted in a four-stage iterative process to elicit patient preferences for features of visual messages. Attribute and level development yielded three attributes: purpose, image type and web address and 16 choice sets were subsequently constructed according to a full factorial design. Patients participating in cardiovascular and pulmonary rehabilitation were surveyed (online) for their preferences regarding the visual message choice sets. Respondents were asked to choose between 16 pairs of visual messages regarding key lifestyle behaviours, namely, physical activity and nutrition. Data were analysed by using a conditional logit model. RESULTS There was a total of 1728 observations from 54 unique respondents. Two factors that were associated with the patient preference were gain-framed purpose compared to no purpose (OR 1.93, 95% CI 1.40 – 2.65) and real images compared to cartoon images (OR 1.26, 95% CI 1.04 – 1.54). A loss-framed purpose was less preferred than no purpose (OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.42 - 0.74). Overall, patients preferred positive images that were colourful and engaging with text that supported the image with a preference for images of real people rather than cartoons. CONCLUSIONS A discrete choice experiment is a scientific method to elicit patient preferences for a visual messaging intervention designed to support change to lifestyle behaviours. Text messaging programs which utilise visual aids may find greater patient satisfaction by employing a gain-frame, using real images and avoiding a loss-frame. Further research is needed to explore feasibility of implementation and health and behavioural outcomes associated with such visual messaging programs.

scholarly journals Understanding public health providers’ preferences for interventions against informal payment in Tanzania: a discrete choice experiment

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
P Binyaruka
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Discrete Choice Experiment ◽  
Discrete Choice ◽  
Private Practice ◽  
Choice Experiment ◽  
Multinomial Logit ◽  
Health Providers ◽  
Informal Payment ◽  
Survey Tool ◽  
Facility Level

Abstract Background Informal payments are regressive. They can limit the access to quality healthcare, particularly of the most vulnerable, and are potentially catastrophic. Little is known in terms of providers' preferences for interventions. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional discrete choice experiment (DCE) among 432 health providers from 42 public health facilities (hospitals and health centres) in seven districts from Pwani region and five districts from Dar es Salaam region. The DCE attributes were derived from a scoping literature review, qualitative interview from 27 key informants from three districts, and through workshop with health providers, managers and policy makers. The final DCE survey tool included 12 unlabeled choice sets, each describing two hypothetical jobs that varied across six attributes: mode of payment, supervision at facility, opportunity for private practice, awareness and monitoring, measures against informal payment, and incentive payment for lack informal payment in the past 6 months. Multinomial logit and mixed multinomial logit methods were used to estimate preferences for the attributes. Results All attribute-levels, apart from supervision at the facility level, were significantly influencing health providers' choice decisions for job type (p < 0.001). The most preferred attributes were measures for awareness creation and monitoring -i.e. preferences were significantly higher for facility with noticeboard (coefficient 0.39, 95% CI 0.29 -0.48 ), followed by provision of receipts (0.34, 0.24 -0.44) and presence of hotline number for reporting corrupt practices (0.26, 0.17 -0.35). Opportunity for private practice was significantly preferred (0.38, 0.31-045) and job preference increases as salary top-up increases (0.06, 0.05-0.7). The less preferred attributes were cash payment for healthcare (-0.27, -0.35- -0.19) and disciplinary measures at the district (-0.15, -0.23 - -0.07) or facility level (-0.10, -0.17- -0.03).

scholarly journals Analyzing German consumers’ willingness to pay for green electricity tariff attributes: a discrete choice experiment

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Danne ◽  
S. Meier-Sauthoff ◽  
O. Musshoff
Keyword(s):  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Discrete Choice Experiment ◽  
Discrete Choice ◽  
Choice Experiment ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Multinomial Logit Model ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Green Electricity ◽  
Electricity Tariff

Abstract Background In order to achieve an environmentally friendly and sustainable energy supply, it is necessary that this goal is supported by society. In different countries worldwide it has been shown that one way consumers want to support the energy transition is by switching to green electricity. However, few people make the leap from their intention to a buying decision. This study explores parameters that influence whether German consumers would hypothetically decide to switch to a green electricity tariff. Methods A quota-representative online survey including a discrete choice experiment with 371 German private households was conducted in 2016. For the econometric analysis, a generalized multinomial logit model in willingness-to-pay space was employed, enabling the estimation of WTP values to be as realistic as possible. Results The results show that consumers’ decision whether or not to make the switch to green energy is mainly influenced by the source of green energy, whether a person can outsource the switching process, and a person’s attitude towards the renewable energy sources levy that currently exist in Germany. Conclusions The findings indicate that politics should focus on supporting wind and solar energy as German consumers prefer these sources over biogas. As the results suggest, the EEG levy is a reason why consumers have lower WTP for switching to a green tariff. Therefore, a switching bonus with a specifically “framed” bonus in the amount of the current EEG levy could be a promising strategy for the increase of green energy tariff acceptance. Furthermore, attention should be given to psychological and behavioral aspects, as the results indicate that these factors influence the consumer’s choice for a green electricity tariff.

scholarly journals Penentuan Kriteria Pengunjung dalam Pemilihan Green Hotel di Kota Bandung Menggunakan Metode Discrete Choice Experiment dengan Desain Choice Sets Kombinatorial

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Sheila Ghazia Shofwani ◽  
Abdul Kudus
Keyword(s):  
Discrete Choice Experiment ◽  
Discrete Choice ◽  
Choice Experiment ◽  
Green Building ◽  
Preference Assessment ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fractional Factorial ◽  
Discrete Choice Experiments ◽  
Green Hotel ◽  
Choice Sets

Abstract. This research discusses about planning of guest formulation in the selection of environmentally green hotels by using a 2k-p factorial fractional design and combinatorial choice sets on the Discrete Choice Experiment method. Discrete Choice Experiments is a quantitative method for survey-based respondents' preference assessment. This method asks respondents to choose the preferred choice from several alternative choices provided. With this method the authors will apply to the case of green hotel selection, because currently in the United States, investors are beginning to look at green building opportunities as a long-term investment in accordance with the operational costs of green buildings that are more efficient than conventional buildings. The concept of green building is one of the efforts to save energy that can be applied to a building. The material of this study is primary data by distributing questionnaires to respondents using voluntary sampling techniques. In this study, there are 8 independent variables consisting of 5 attribute variables and 3 respondent identity variables. This study aims to determine the criteria for visitors in choosing the most desirable green hotel. The results of this study are the results of green hotel research that is most sought after by visitors, namely hotels with quality luxury rooms, toiletries provided, visitors are required to improve the environment, there is the practice of using plastic on product packaging, and there is the use of lamps as well as energy-saving equipment. After further analysis of the demographics of respondents regarding the preference of the selected green hotel criteria for each respondent, and the results obtained at the time, gender, occupation and experience of staying in a green hotel together are not related to the involvement of the selected green hotel criteria chosen from each respondent. Abstrak. Skripsi ini membahas mengenai penentuan rancangan kriteria pengunjung dalam pemilihan hotel ramah lingkungan (green hotel) dengan menggunakan desain fractional factorial 2k-p dan choice sets kombinatorial pada metode Discrete Choice Experiment. Discrete Choice Experiment merupakan metode kuantitatif untuk menilai suatu preferensi seorang responden yang berbasis survei. Metode ini meminta responden untuk memilih pilihan yang diminati dari beberapa alternatif pilihan yang disediakan. Dengan metode ini penulis akan melakukan penerapan pada kasus pemilihan kriteria green hotel, karena saat ini di Amerika Serikat, para investor mulai melirik peluang green building sebagai investasi jangka panjang dikarenakan biaya operasional green building yang lebih hemat dibandingkan bangunan konvensional. Konsep green building merupakan salah satu upaya penghematan energi yang dapat diterapkan pada suatu gedung. Bahan dari penelitian ini merupakan data primer dengan melakukan penyebaran kuesioner kepada responden dengan menggunakan teknik sampling sukarela. Pada penelitian ini, terdapat 8 variabel independen yang terdiri dari 5 variabel atribut dan  3 variabel identitas responden. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kriteria pengunjung dalam memilih green hotel yang paling diminati. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah didapatkan kriteria green hotel yang paling diminati oleh pengunjung yaitu hotel dengan kualitas kamar mewah, perlengkapan mandi disediakan, pengunjung diwajibkan untuk menjaga lingkungan, ada praktik penggunaan plastik pada kemasan produk, dan ada penggunaan lampu juga peralatan hemat energi. Setelah itu dilakukan analisis lanjutan mengenai pengaruh dari demografi responden terhadap banyaknya keterpilihan kriteria green hotel terpilih pada setiap responden, dan diperoleh hasil bahwa usia, jenis kelamin, pekerjaan dan pengalaman menginap di green hotel secara bersama-sama tidak berpengaruh terhadap banyaknya keterpilihan kriteria green hotel terpilih dari setiap responden.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document