scholarly journals Respon Komunitas Burung terhadap Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Panas Bumi (PLTP) Kamojang, Bandung, Jawa Barat

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diyah Kartikasari ◽  
Satyawan Pudyatmoko ◽  
Novianto Bambang Wawandono ◽  
Pri Utami
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Bird Community ◽  
Bird Communities ◽  
Bird Diversity ◽  
Species Number ◽  
Point Count ◽  
Geothermal Power Plant ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Geothermal Power

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui respon komunitas burung terhadap keberadaan Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Panas Bumi Kamojang. Kami membandingkan keanekaragaman dan kekayaan jenis burung pada lokasi yang terdampak (DL) dan tidak terdampak (TL) di Wilayah Kerja Panas Bumi Kamojang, Cagar Alam Kamojang dan Taman Wisata Alam Kamojang di Kabupaten Bandung Provinsi Jawa Barat. Lokasi yang terdampak berada di sekitar sumur produksi atau pembangkit listrik tenaga panas bumi (30 sampel) sedangkan lokasi yang tidak terdampak adalah dengan jarak 3.000 m sampai 9.000 m dari fasilitas tersebut (42 sampel). Pengumpulan data dilakukan selama dua musim; musim kemarau dan penghujan (2015-2016). Kami mengumpulkan data komunitas burung dan data habitat dengan metode point count yang ditempatkan secara sistematis di setiap lokasi. Kami menemukan 124 spesies burung yang terdiri dari 35 famili dan 16 spesies di antaranya adalah burung endemik di Pulau Jawa. Dua puluh tiga spesies dilindungi oleh undang-undang di Indonesia, sembilan spesies termasuk dalam daftar lampiran CITES dan lima spesies masuk dalam Daftar Merah Spesies Terancam IUCN tahun 2017. Terdapat perbedaan respon antara komunitas burung di lokasi terdampak dan tidak terdampak yang ditunjukkan dengan perbedaan rata-rata jumlah spesies, jumlah individu masing-masing spesies, indeks keanekaragaman ShannonWiener. Lokasi tidak terdampak memiliki nilai lebih tinggi pada parameter ini dibanding lokasi yang terkena dampak. Demikian juga, jumlah spesies, jumlah individu vegetasi dan indeks keanekaragaman hayati ShannonWiener pada lokasi TL memiliki nilai rata-rata lebih tinggi daripada lokasi DL. Hal ini membuktikan bahwa meskipun panas bumi dianggap sebagai energi ramah lingkungan namun dalam penggunaannya masih berdampak pada keanekaragaman hayati di sekitarnya terutama untuk jenis burung. Response of Bird Community to Kamojang Geothermal Power Plant, Bandung, West JavaAbstractThis study aimed to investigate the response of bird communities on the presence of geothermal power plant of Kamojang. We compared the bird diversity and richness of affected (DL) and not affected (TL) in Kamojang Geothermal Working Area, Kamojang Nature Reserve and Kamojang Nature Park in Bandung regency of West Java Province. The affected sites were surrounding production wells or geothermal power plants (30 samples) whereas not affected sites were with distance of 3,000 m to 9,000 m from those facilities (42 samples). The data collection was carried out during two seasons; dry and rainy season in (2015-2016). In each site, we collected bird community data and habitat data with the point count method which was placed systematically on each sites. We found 124 birds species belongs to 35 families with 16 endemic species in Java Island. Twenty three species are protected by Indonesian law, with nine species are in the CITES appendix list and five species are listed in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species of 2017. There was a difference of responses between bird communities in the affected and not affected sites which is indicated by differences in the mean number of species, number of individuals in each species, and Shannon-Wiener's diversity index. The not affected sites had higher value on these parameters than the affected sites. Similarly, number of species, number of individual vegetation, and Shannon-Wiener biodiversity index in TL sites had higher mean values than DL sites. This proves that although geothermal is considered as environmentally friendly energy but in its utilization it still has an impact on the surrounding biodiversity especially for bird species.

scholarly journals KOMPOSISI GUILD KOMUNITAS BURUNG DI AREA PANAS BUMI CAGAR ALAM DAN TAMAN WISATA ALAMKAMOJANG JAWA BARAT INDONESIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 124
Author(s):  
Diyah Kartikasari ◽  
Satyawan Pudyatmoko ◽  
Novianto Bambang Wawandono ◽  
Pri Utami
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Bird Community ◽  
Bird Communities ◽  
West Java ◽  
Point Count ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Nature Park ◽  
Number Of Individuals

This study aims to investigate the response of Bird Communities Guild Composition in Geothermal Area Kamojang Nature Reserve and Kamojang Nature Park West Java Indonesia. We compared the number of species, the number of individuals and the composition of bird guilds of directly affected (DL) and not affected (TL) in Kamojang geothermal working area, Kamojang nature reserve and Kamojang nature park in Bandung regency of West Java Province. The directly affected sites were surrounding production wells or geothermal power plants (30 samples) whereas indirectly affected sites were with distance of 3,000 m to 9,000 m from those facilities (42 samples). The data collection was carried out during two seasons; dry and rainy season in (2015-2016). We collected bird community data with the point count method which was placed systematically on each site. We found 124 bird species in CA / TWA Kamojang and 90 species (1560 individuals) of birds at the sample point. The number of species and the number of individual in TL locations is greater than the DL (DL locations = 65 species, 525 individuals; TL sites = 72 species, 1035 individuals). There is a difference of responses between bird communities in the DL and TL sites which is indicated by differences in the mean number of species and number of individuals in each point count.The mean number of species and the number of individual birds per point count in the TL location is greater than DL.The CA / TWA area of Kamojang has seven bird guilds: insectivores, frugivores, granivores, nectarivores, carnivores, piscivores and omnivores. The results of the significance test on the number of species and the number of individuals per guild showed no significant differences between the DL and TL sites, but the birds in DL were commonly found (generalists) and birds found in TL sites were mostly specialist. This proves that the TL location has better environmental conditions or relatively undisturbed.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji komposisi guild komunitas burung di Area Panas Bumi Cagar Alam dan Taman Wisata Alam Kamojang. Penulis membandingkan jumlah jenis, jumlah individu dan komposisi guild burung pada lokasi yang terdampak langsung (DL) dan tidak terdampak langsung (TL) di Wilayah Kerja Panas Bumi Kamojang, Cagar Alam Kamojang dan Taman Wisata Alam Kamojang, Kabupaten Bandung, Provinsi Jawa Barat. Lokasi yang terkena dampak langsung berada di sekitar sumur produksi atau pembangkit listrik tenaga panas bumi (30 sampel) sedangkan lokasi yang tidak terdampak langsung adalah dengan jarak 3.000 m sampai 9.000 m dari fasilitas tersebut (42 sampel). Pengumpulan data dilakukan selama dua musim; musim kemarau dan penghujan (2015-2016). Kami mengumpulkan data komunitas burung dengan metode point count yang ditempatkan secara sistematis di setiap lokasi. Kami menemukan 124 jenis burung di CA/TWA Kamojang dan 90 jenis (1560 individu) burung pada titik contoh. Jumlah jenis dan jumlah individu burung di lokasi TL lebih besar dibanding lokasi DL. (lokasi DL (65 jenis; 525 individu) dan lokasi TL (72 jenis; 1035 individu). Terdapat perbedaan respon antara komunitas burung di lokasi DL dan TL yang ditunjukkan dengan perbedaan rata-rata jumlah jenis dan jumlah individu tiap titik contoh. Rata-rata jumlah jenis dan jumlah individu burung tiap titik contoh pada lokasi TL lebih besar dibandingkan lokasi DL. Kawasan CA/TWA Kamojang mempunyai dari 7 macam guild burung yaitu : insektivora, frugivora, granivora, nektarivora, karnivora, piscivora dan omnivora.Hasil uji signifikansi terhadap jumlah jenis dan jumlah individu setiap guild menunjukkan tidak adanya perbedaan nyata antara lokasi DL dan TL, namun pada lokasi DL burung-burung yang ditemukan merupakan burung yang umum ditemukan (generalis) dan burung yang ditemukan di lokasi TL sebagian besar merupakan burung spesialis. Hal ini membuktikan bahwa lokasi TL memiliki kondisi lingkungan yang lebih baik atau relatif tidak terganggu.

scholarly journals Conserving native trees increases native bird diversity and community composition on commercial office developments

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Dyson
Keyword(s):  
Community Composition ◽  
Environmental Gradients ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Bird Community ◽  
Bird Communities ◽  
Bird Diversity ◽  
Bird Conservation ◽  
Tree Protection ◽  
Matrix Habitat ◽  
Site Use

Abstract In cities, woody vegetation provides critical shelter, nesting and foraging habitat for bird species of interest. Human actions—including development and landscaping choices—determine vegetation community composition and structure, making these choices critically important to urban bird conservation. A better understanding of how bird communities are impacted by parcel-scale actions can help guide policy and management best practices to improve matrix habitat quality and quantity. Here, I examined how bird habitat use varies along a vegetation gradient created by different development and landscaping choices. I surveyed 20 commercial office developments near Seattle in the Puget Trough region of Washington, USA selected using stratified random sampling, where I quantified bird communities and observed feeding behavior. I used GLMM and PERMANOVA models with data likelihood metrics to identify the best supported variables for bird site use, along with TITAN models to identify changes in community composition along environmental gradients. I found that measures of bird effective species richness and bird community are positively influenced by the presence of more native conifers, including the presence of a stand predating development and the height and density of native conifers. Measures of the native bird community are negatively influenced by higher non-native tree density. In contrast to prior research, top-down landscape-scale variables did not explain variation in measures of the bird community on office developments. Importantly, I found that birds are associated with the same habitat on office developments as observed elsewhere. Together, my findings suggest an important role for developers, land owners, landscape architects, and tree protection policy in bird conservation.

scholarly journals Keanekaragaman Jenis Burung di Kawasan Pengembangan Institut Teknologi Sumatera (ITERA)

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Indah Oktaviani ◽  
Yanti Ariyanti ◽  
Sovia Santi Leksikowati ◽  
Muhammad Asril
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Bird Community ◽  
Bird Diversity ◽  
Feeding Guild ◽  
Point Count ◽  
Wiener Diversity Index

AbstrakKawasan kampus Institut Teknologi Sumatera (ITERA) sedang mengalami perkembangan fisik yang pesat, seperti pembangunan gedung perkuliahan, laboratorium, asrama, juga embung untuk sumber air. Informasi mengenai keanekaragaman hayati di ITERA sendiri belum banyak diteliti, salah satunya adalah keanekaragaman burung. Burung merupakan hewan besar yang cukup sensitif dengan perubahan lingkungan. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mendapatkan data mengenai keanekaragaman burung di ITERA untuk memberikan informasi dasar. Metode yang digunakan adalah teknik point count, diterapkan pada lima stasiun utama yang dipilih berdasarkan pusat aktivitas pembangunan. Analisis yang digunakan adalah indeks keanekaragaman, kemerataan, juga kelimpahan. Selain itu, status konservasi dan tipe pakan jenis burung dianalisis menggunakan data sekunder. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat 19 jenis burung dari 16 famili. Keanekaragaman jenis burung berdasarkan indeks Shannon-Wiener tergolong sedang dan kemerataan jenis merata. Dari kategori kelimpahan yang digunakan terdapat dua jenis burung yang umum ditemukan. Bersumber pada PP No. 7 tahun 1999, terdapat empat jenis burung di ITERA yang termasuk ke dalam kategori dilindungi dan satu jenis termasuk kategori Appendix II di CITES. Feeding guild burung di ITERA didominasi tipe omnivora dan insektivora. AbstractInstitut Teknologi Sumatera (ITERA) campus area is undergoing rapid physical development, such as the construction of lecture buildings, laboratories, dormitories, as well as reservoirs for water sources. Information on biodiversity in ITERA has not much studied, one of which is bird diversity. Birds are large animals that are quite sensitive to environmental changes. This study aims to obtain data on bird diversity at ITERA to provide the baseline information. The method used is a point count technique, applied to five main stations selected based on the center of development activities. The analysis used is an index of diversity, evenness, and abundance. Besides, the conservation status and feed type of bird species were analyzed using secondary data. The results showed that there were 19 species of birds from 16 families. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index classified the bird community as a moderate, and the community evenness index was stable. From the abundance category, two types of birds commonly found. Based on PP No. 7 of 1999, there are four species of birds in ITERA, which included in the protected category and one species, including the Appendix II category in CITES. Omnivorous and insectivorous types dominate bird guild feeding in ITERA.

STRUKTUR KOMUNITAS BURUNG DI TAMAN SITULEMBANG, TAMAN SUROPATI , DAN TAMAN MENTENG, JAKARTA PUSAT

Jurnal BIOMA ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Juliadi Nugroho
Keyword(s):  
Life Support ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Similarity Index ◽  
Bird Communities ◽  
Bird Diversity ◽  
Species Evenness ◽  
Dominance Index ◽  
Point Count ◽  
Descriptive Method ◽  
City Park

Birds are one of the animals that can be encountered utilizing City Park as a habitat. The existence of birds in a habitat influenced by factors such as life support shelter and feed availability. Situlembang Park, Suropati Park, and Menteng Park has a different characteristic. The purpose of this research was to observe differences in the structure of bird communities in the three parks. This study was conducted in January-March 2015 using descriptive method with point count technique. Results of the research the highest abundance of species in the Situlembang park is Pycnonoctus aurigaster, while bird species in Menteng Park and Suropati Park is Passer mountanus. The highest levels of bird diversity found in Situlembang park is 2,37 then Suropati Park (2.18), and Lowest Menteng Park (2.17). Bird species evenness index in the three parks is high (0.80 to 0.81) and and the dominance index is low (0.13 to 0.15) .The level in similarity index of bird species in the three parks is high (0,80- 0.88).

scholarly journals Bird Communities In Seblat Nature Recreation Park (SNRP) North Bengkulu, Bengkulu

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Eki Susanto ◽  
Yeni Aryati Mulyani ◽  
Bambang Suryobroto
Keyword(s):  
Species Abundance ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Biology Education ◽  
Bird Community ◽  
Bird Communities ◽  
Community Similarity ◽  
Point Count ◽  
Net Method ◽  
Logged Forest ◽  
Vegetation Structures

<p>Bird communities are the composition of several bird species that live together in the same place, time and interact with other birds. The diversity of birds in an area can be used as an indicator of stabilizing an area. Changes of vegetation structures due to logging practices can affect the availability of resources for bird communities. The objective of the research was to examine diversity, richness, bird species abundance and bird community similarity at HS1 (logged forest 1974), HS2 (logged forest 1989/1990) and HS3 (fully logged forest 1989/1990) in Seblat Nature Recreation Park (SNRP). The research was conducted in July – September 2013. Data collection was conducted by point count method (total 36 points) and mist net method (total 4752 nets hours). The Research showed 85 bird’s species from 33 families were recorded. HS2 was highest value of diversity and richness (H ‘= 3.63, DMG = 10.07). The highest relative abundance species in HS1 was Emerald Dove (Chalcophaps indica), while HS2 and HS3 were Slender-billed Crow (Corvus enca). The bird community similarity was highest in HS2 and HS3 (ISj = 0.58).</p><p><strong>How to Cite</strong></p><p>Susanto, E., Mulyani, Y. A., &amp; Suryobroto, B. (2016). Bird Communities In Seblat Nature Recreation Park (SNRP) North Bengkulu, Bengkulu. <em>Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology &amp; Biology Education</em>, 8(1), 25-32.</p>

scholarly journals Bird communities and vegetation composition in Nusa Penida, Bali, Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Franciscus Xaverius Sudaryanto ◽  
Junita Hardini ◽  
Lalu Achmad Tan Tilar Wangsajati Sukmaring Kalih ◽  
Muhammad Mirzan Asrori ◽  
I Wayan Suana
Keyword(s):  
Migratory Birds ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Bird Community ◽  
Iucn Red List ◽  
Bird Communities ◽  
Vegetation Composition ◽  
Point Count ◽  
Point Count Method ◽  
Near Threatened

Abstract. Sudaryanto FX, Hardini J, Kalih LATTWS, Asrori MM, Suana IW. 2019. Bird communities and vegetation composition in Nusa Penida, Bali, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 3676-3683. A study on bird community and vegetation composition in Nusa Penida was carried out to determine its diversity, conservation status, and habitat as an effort to conserve and develop birdwatching ecotourism in Nusa Penida. The study was conducted in Tembeling forest and Ped agroforestry. By using the point count method, we found 80 species of birds: 70 species in Tembeling forest and 79 species in Ped agroforestry. Fourteen species of birds are protected by Indonesian law. According to the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, four species are Critically Endangered and one species is classified as Near Threatened. We also found eight species of migratory birds. Diversity of birds in Nusa Penida was high. Individuals of each bird species was spread evenly, except Hirundo rustica, Hirundo tahitica and Streptopelia chinensis were dominant. Twenty-five species of trees were found in Tembeling, while in Ped were found 22 species. These vegetations were provided birds with good resources for foraging, resting, and nesting.

scholarly journals Bird Diversity and Community Composition in Kafta Sheraro National Park, Tigray, Northern Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Teklay Girmay ◽  
Zeyede Teshome ◽  
Tesfay Tesfamichael
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
National Park ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Bird Community ◽  
Livestock Grazing ◽  
Bird Diversity ◽  
Northern Ethiopia ◽  
Point Count

Birds are one of the most important components of biodiversity that has huge ecological, economical, and esthetic values. The main objective of this study was to assess diversity and species composition of bird community in Kafta Sheraro National Park, Northern Ethiopia. Data were collected from August 2017 to March 2018 in the national park. Point count method was employed to collect data on bird species diversity and species composition. Direct observations of birds and discussion with local people and scouts to assess potential threats of avifauna in the park were made. Shannon diversity index was used to calculate the species diversity. A total of 158 bird species belonging to 52 different families and 20 orders were identified. Of the recorded species, there were 76.6% residents, 15.8% Palaearctic migrants (PM), 5.7% Intra-African migrants (IM), and 1.9% partial migrants. Accipitiridae (11.4%) had the highest species followed by Columbidae, Estrilidae, and Ploceidae with 7%, 5.7%, and 4.4% species, respectively. The highest Shannon–Weiner diversity index (H′ = 4.50) was recorded during February while the lowest (H′ = 2.18) was recorded during March. Species richness of the park showed no significance difference among the study months (χ2 = 10.046, df = 5, P>0.05). Agricultural expansions, fire, livestock grazing, mining, and poaching were the major threats of the park bird species. Kafta Sheraro National Park is one of the areas with high avian composition in Ethiopia. In the park, wildlife watching in general and ornithological tourism in particular should be developed. Anthropogenic disturbances should also be minimized to conserve avian diversity of the park.

scholarly journals Composition and structure of bird communities in vegetational gradients of Bodoquena Mountains, western Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 211-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
MAURICIO N. GODOI ◽  
FRANCO L. SOUZA ◽  
RUDI R. LAPS ◽  
DANILO B. RIBEIRO
Keyword(s):  
Vegetation Type ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Bird Community ◽  
Bird Communities ◽  
Bird Diversity ◽  
Bird Conservation ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Bird Abundance ◽  
Point Counts ◽  
Composition And Structure

ABSTRACT The informations of bird species distribution in different habitats and the structure of their communities are crucial for bird conservation. We tested the differences in composition, richness and abundance of birds in different phytophysiognomies at Bodoquena Mountains, western Brazil, and we demonstrated the variations in richness and abundance of birds between different trophic groups. Sampling was conducted between July 2011 and June 2012 in 200 point counts arranged in the study area. A total of 3350 contacts were obtained belonging to 156 bird species. Woodland savannas, seasonal forests and arboreal savannas had higher bird abundance and richness, while riparian forests, clean pastures and dirty pastures had smaller values of these parameters. The bird community was organized according to local vegetational gradient, with communities of forests, open areas and savannas, although many species occurred in more than one vegetation type. The insectivorous, omnivorous, frugivorous and gramnivorous birds composed most of the community. These data showed how important environmental heterogeneity is to bird communities. Furthermore, the presence of extensive patches of natural habitats, the small distance between these patches and the permeability of pastures, with high arboreal and shrubby cover, are indicated as important factors to maintain the bird diversity.

scholarly journals Landscape structure affects bird community in Bogor, West Java

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aronika Kaban ◽  
Ani Mardiastuti ◽  
Lilik Budi Prasetyo
Keyword(s):  
Bird Community ◽  
Shape Index ◽  
Bird Communities ◽  
Bird Diversity ◽  
Similarity Analysis ◽  
Point Count ◽  
Landscape Modification ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Landscape Types ◽  
The City

Birds have different responses to landscape modification, depends on its adaptation to the environment. The purposes of this study were to identify bird communities in several landscape types and to analyze the landscape structures that affect bird communities. The study was conducted from April to August 2016 at 29 landscapes in the city of Bogor. The landscapes were categorized into four types based on their fragmentation stages: intact, variegated, fragmented, and relict. Birds were surveyed using point count. Bird diversity was calculated using Shanon-Wienner Index, followed by Kruskal-Wallis statistical analysis, the similarity of communities was tested using Bray-Curtis. The landscape structures were quantified using 7 variables and measured using ArcGis patch analyst. Total 8,967 individuals from 75 species and 36 families were recorded. Similarity analysis of the bird community suggested that intact landscapes were clustered separately, while other three types were clustered together. The results showed that the abundance and species richness were higher in intact landscape. Bird diversity in Bogor becomes higher when the total edge, the mean shape index, and the shannon evenness index become smaller.

scholarly journals Avian diversity in geothermal power plant areas: Case studies in Kamojang, Darajat, and Gunung Salak, West Java, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
TEGUH HUSODO ◽  
KHEMAL PASHA MOCHTAN ◽  
Sya Sya Shanida ◽  
SYAHRAS FATHIN AMINUDDIN ◽  
INDRI WULANDARI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Avian Diversity ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
West Java ◽  
Geothermal Power Plant ◽  
Geothermal Power

Abstract. Husodo T, Mochtan KP, Shanida SS, Aminuddin SF, Wulandari I, Putra IS, Megantara EN. 2020. Avian diversity in geothermal power plant areas: Case studies in Kamojang, Darajat, and Gunung Salak, West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 1049-1059. Land cover changes that occur in the development of industrial areas have impact on the quality of biophysical and socio-economic environments. This study aimed to investigate the diversity of birds (avifauna) in three geothermal power plant areas in West Jawa Province, Indonesia (i.e., Kamojang, Darajat, and Gunung Salak). Transect and spotlighting methods were conducted in this study. We found that areas around geothermal power plant in Gunung Salak had the highest diversity of bird species with 105 species from 43 families, followed by Kamojang with 82 species from 34 families, and Darajat with 80 species from 40 families. In total, there were 134 species from 51 families in which two species are Endangered (EN) under the IUCN Red List category, five are endemic to Java, 11 are protected by CITES Appendix II and 14 are protected by national regulations. The presence of some birds was an indicator of ecosystem condition and functioning, including indicator of food chain, quality of water, quality of natural habitat, condition of riparian habitat, and the condition of open or disturbed habitat. Some birds were also associated with particular habitats, such as natural forests, riparians, a combination of natural forests and open habitats, tea plantations, and craters. The results of this study can be used as baseline information about the state of the surrounding environment in the three geothermal power plant areas and as a reference in biodiversity management in the future.

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