scholarly journals JATIDIRI MANUSIA BERDASARKAN FILSAFAT TINDAKAN HANNAH ARENDT PERSPEKTIF FILSAFAT MANUSIA: RELEVANSI DENGAN PELANGGARAN HAM TAHUN 1965-1966 DI INDONESIA

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 277
Author(s):  
Astrid Veranita Indah
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Human Person ◽  
Basic Structure ◽  
Human Action ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Self Identity ◽  
Human Rights Violation

The essential problem of human rights violation is a matter of human life. The issue raises many new problems, including the trauma suffered by victims and guilty feelings experienced by perpetrators. Some cases of human rights violation, can often be resolved by the constitutional court. Other cases cannot be solved by laws and regulations that have been established. In such cases, it requires an accomplishment by using another point of view, for example, by understanding the basic structure of human person, based on Hannah Arendt's philosophy of action. This research is a qualitative research with emphasises library research in obtaining datas. Methods used in this study are: hermeneutics, and heuristics. The formal object is human person that is part of philosophy of human. Theory of human person which is categorized into three parts, namely: the personality of human, self identity of human, and the uniqueness in the sociality of human. The result of this research is an exposure of the philosophy of human action, as an ultimate activity in the vita activa. Human beings as individuals, are body and soul; soul and mind. Self identity is understood not only as the present, but also the past and the projections of the future. Human beings develop continuously in the historicity of the time, so that each individual is unique from the others. This uniqueness colors the difference in plurality of life which is expected to keep the friendship in a community. Arendt's philosophy has been successfully answered the problem for human rights violation during the under Nazi rule. Arendt's analysis of the problem for the emphasis on the human personality-conscious thinking in a situation that tends to be authoritarian. Another analysis is the human ability to forgive, promise and build friendship. It is inspire to answer the problem for human rights violation at Indonesia upon 1965-1966. Understanding based on consciousness thinking, forgiveness, promise and friendship will break the cycle of revenge, restore social memory, and ensure the creation of rights of every citizen.

scholarly journals PEMIKIRAN FAZLUR RAHMAN TENTANG PENDIDIKAN DAN RELEVANSINYA DALAM DUNIA MODERN

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 408-424
Author(s):  
Dwy Purwaningsih
Keyword(s):  
Public Education ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Human Person ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Initial Step ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Islamic Education ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Educational Thought

Pragmatic education thought-instrumental is a philosophic point of view that blends with the religious viewpoint of abstract speculation in outlining the education. One of renewing Islamic education is Fazlur Rahman. According to him, the goal of Islamic education are as renewal which is the initial step in the Islamization for all aspects of human life. The study of library (library research) i.e. research sourced from material libraries using a qualitative approach. In this case, the author does exploration of a number of primary data as well as secondary data. The author does an analysis of the concept of Islamic education prespective Fazlur Rahman and relevance against the modern world. The concept of educational thought Fazlur Rahman i.e. the Qur'an as a guide in resolving every problem and the answer and make the human person that are creative, have moral values in accordance with the Qur'an. Whereas, education as an alternative to the secular science by receiving updates and tried to enter it with Islamic concepts as for Islamic education renewal effort started from the educational objectives, educational system, learners, educators and the means of education. The relevance of educational thought on modern world Fazlur Rahman now is integration between religion and discrimination through public education, omission of religion and public education, this has been done wrong by the College namely IAIN with try to follow the thinking of education Fazlur Rahman dare change the State Islamic University (UIN).

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF THE RIGHT TO THE ENVIRONMENT ON SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF INTERNATIONAL LAW

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akramosadat Kia
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
International Law ◽  
Environmental Law ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Right

Nature is one of the most important pillars of human life, which is why the environment has been considered in all historical periods. At first, contemporary international law seeks to protect the environment as part of international environmental law, but the inadequacy of this protection and the need to protect the environment for Nowadays's human beings and future generations, the link between the environment and human rights It was considered because legal protection of human rights could be a means to protect the environment. Hence, in the context of the third generation of human rights, a new right called "the right to the environment" was created in international human rights instruments, in which the environment was raised as a human right. This right is not only a reminder of the solidarity rights that are categorized in the third generation of human rights, but also necessary for the realization of many human rights, civil, political or economic, social and cultural rights. However, the exercise of this right requires a level of development which in turn provides for a greater degree of environmental degradation. Hence, the international community since the nineties has promoted the idea of sustainable development at all levels of national, regional and the international has put it on its agenda.

Human Rights

Philosophy ◽  
2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
John-Stewart Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Common Ground ◽  
Due Process ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Moral Rights ◽  
Legal Rights ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Moral Norms ◽  
Widespread Agreement

There is an enormous range of contemporary and rapidly expanding literature on human rights that pervades almost every area of human life. This entry cannot do justice to all of these areas and would inevitably fail to cover all aspects of the philosophy of human rights. Here, the goal is more modest: offering a primary overview of the thorny literature and many vital human rights issues that can become increasingly complex and muddled. The concept of human rights, however, came to particular prominence in the 20th century after World War II, due to the atrocities (e.g., genocide against the Jews) committed by the Nazis. Since then, the idea of human rights has become profoundly influential in many different fields such as ethics, applied ethics, political philosophy, political sciences, law, international law, medicine, and public health. This has led to the formation of a new area in philosophy called “the philosophy of human rights.” The very idea of human rights, however, is older and can be traced back to early religious ideas and the notion of natural rights in Antiquity and the Middle Ages. Generally speaking, human rights are primarily universal moral norms that bind all people in all places at all times independently of any legal recognition. Whether there is a widespread agreement that all human beings have human rights simply because they are human beings is a matter of debate. However, there is currently no common ground with regard to the moral and legal justification or the ontological and epistemological status of human rights. Human rights are primarily universal moral rights and, secondly, international legal rights observed and enforced by nation-states. Despite major caveats concerning the theoretical foundations of human rights, most scholars nonetheless hold the view that there is a vital consensus on the practical importance of human rights. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) (cited under Modern Documents), is the most important human rights document and contains at least seven groups of basic rights: security rights, due process rights, liberty rights, political rights, equality rights, social welfare rights, and group rights.

scholarly journals In Search of the Good

Open Theology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy Riggs
Keyword(s):  
Late Antiquity ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Human Action ◽  
Social Philosophy ◽  
Modern Concept ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Innate Capacity ◽  
First Cause ◽  
Ethical Vision ◽  
Maximus The Confessor

AbstractThe concept of recognition is increasing in importance in political and social philosophy as a means of explaining and dealing conceptually with the problems of multiculturalism. Nevertheless, the phenomena which this concept signifies, namely human capacities for intersubjectivity, belong to human beings even before the development of the modern concept. This article explores how the content of the concept of recognition plays a role in two Platonic philosophies of Late Antiquity, those of the Neoplatonic philosopher Proclus and the Christian philosopher, monk and theologian Maximus the Confessor. It is shown that their versions of a metaphysics of the Good provides the foundation for a moral and ethical vision of human life which makes recognitive judgements – which make acts of recognition possible – a necessity for human action. Although proper recognition pertains to the rational recognition of the First Cause as the true end of all human action, nevertheless Proclus and Maximus make recognitive judgements not only possible but a necessary function of even the lower, irrational faculties of soul. In this way, they explain how human beings have an innate capacity at all levels of cognition for recognizing things and other people as goods to be pursued or avoided.

scholarly journals Influence of Past on Present: A Naturalistic Study of Ghosts

The Batuk ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-66
Author(s):  
Arjun Dev Bhatta
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Transformation ◽  
Human Life ◽  
External Environment ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Naturalistic Study ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Philosophy Of Life ◽  
The Past ◽  
Present Life

This article analyzes and evaluates Henrik Ibsen’s most controversial drama “Ghosts” from naturalistic point of view. Naturalism views human life in relation to internal and external environment. It insists on the effect of the past that shapes the present life of human beings. Based on this philosophy of life, this article examines how the life of the leading characters Mrs. Alving and her son Oswald has been influenced. Mrs. Alving’s present values and views on life have a concern with conventional and religious past whereas Oswald’s philosophy of life is guided and governed by his dead father. This article also shows heredity and genetic transformation are biological facts that affect human life. Thus, the object of this article is to explore how human beings are controlled by the inescapable past.

scholarly journals Social transcending as a conceptual basis for understanding culture and society

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-32
Author(s):  
Zh. V. Latysheva
Keyword(s):  
Personal Development ◽  
Aesthetic Experience ◽  
Human Action ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Cultural Changes ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
European Philosophy ◽  
Social Creativity

Modern problems of the socio-humanistic sciences, including the interaction of structure/ agency, the ways and forms of both personal development and socio-cultural changes, the transformation of the value status of a social ego, the reinterpretation of its contribution to the creativeness of society require substantial amendments to the definitions and methodology of socio-humanistic research. In order to achieve this goal, the article considers one of the basic concepts of European philosophy, transcending from the point of view which differs from generally accepted. The singularity of the author’s approach is the social notion of this concept and the identification of its integrating capabilities regarding to semantically close concepts and terms of social theory of the 20th – 21st centuries. To reach these objectives, a comparative analysis of the concepts of social transcending and the concepts of action creativity (H. Joas), fabulation (A.-T. Tymieniecka), signification (P. Berger, T. Luckmann), noting (J. Alexander), metalanguage (R. Barthes), agency (E. Giddens et al.) was treated. Social transcending is as intentional and creative as human action. However, the first concept, besides, is intersubjective, communicative and teleological. As a fabulation, social transcending raises a person by means of functioning of many sociocultural practices, above the world of mundanity. However, in fabulation the mechanism of such exaltation is a artistic and aesthetic experience, while in social transcending all the interests peculiar to human beings are used: cognitive, ethical, religious, etc. Signification involves the individually-personal and sign-symbolic aspects of social transcending, its everyday and non-everyday levels, being one of the significant ways of social transcending. Noting and metalanguage also embody the options of signifying of social transcending; by means of agensy its dynamism is revealed. The author comes to the conclusion that the generic conceptual-substantive basis of the analyzed concepts is social transcending, which «incorporates» the most important processes of social creativity.

scholarly journals Os direitos humanos no contexto internacional: para além dos limites de uma obrigação específica?

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-126
Author(s):  
André Luiz Olivier da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Human Person ◽  
International Community ◽  
The State ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Contemporary World ◽  
The World ◽  
Universal Human Rights ◽  
Special Rights ◽  
The Ideal

Resumo: Neste trabalho analisam-se as exigências por direitos humanos enunciados a partir de uma perspectiva universal, segundo a qual esses direitos se constituem dentro de obrigações gerais e são válidos para todas as pessoas do mundo. Mas podemos falar em direitos humanos considerados gerais e absolutos mesmo quando não se consegue especificar o detentor e o destinatário dos direitos em uma relação obrigacional específica? Com base em um procedimento de observação e na explicitação de algumas exigências por direitos humanos no mundo contemporâneo, aborda-se a natureza dos direitos a partir da correlação obrigacional entre direitos e deveres, bem como a distinção entre direitos especiais e direitos gerais, destacando que os direitos humanos são reivindicados como direitos gerais e universais, embora não se possa afirmar que sejam universais em si mesmos. A hipótese  neste artigo é a de que os direitos humanos são reivindicados “como se” fossem “gerais” dentro de obrigações específicas, seja em um conflito entre cidadãos e o Estado, seja a partir das relações dos países na comunidade internacional. Quando não estão especificados em obrigações concretas, esses direitos apresentam dificuldades quanto à sua efetividade justamente porque não se consegue identificar e especificar sujeitos e destinatários – que não são exatamente o Estado ou o cidadão deste ou daquele país, mas, sim, a pessoa humana. Nesse sentido, ainda estamos longe do ideal de universalização dos direitos humanos na comunidade internacional, e esses direitos só podem ser exercidos quando incorporados a um ordenamento jurídico ou, ao menos, inseridos em práticas morais e sociais.Palavras-chave: Direitos humanos. Direitos gerais. Universalidade. Obrigações específicas. Abstract: This paper discusses the claims by human rights from a universal perspective, according to which human rights constitute general obligations and are valid for all people of the world. Can we talk about human rights considered general and valid for all human beings even when we can not specify the holder and the addressee of rights in a specific obligational relationship? Based on a procedure of observation and explanation of some claims for human rights in the contemporary world, this article aims to approach the nature of these rights from the obligational correlation between rights and duties, as well as the distinction between special rights and general rights, highlighting that human rights are claimed as general rights, emphasizing its “universal” character, although we can’t ensure that these rights are universal in themselves. Our hypothesis is that human rights are claimed “as if” they were “general” within specific obligations, whether in a conflict between citizens and the state, as based on the relations of countries in the international community. When not specified in concrete obligations, human rights have doubts as to its effectiveness precisely because it is not easy to identify and specify recipients and subject of rights – which are not exactly state or country, but rather the human person. In this sense, we are still far from the ideal of universal human rights in the international community, and these rights may be exercised only when incorporated into a law, or at least, embedded in moral and social practices.Keywords: Human Rights. General rights. Universality. Specific obligations.

scholarly journals NANOTECHNOLOGICAL RISKS AND THEIR INTERNATIONAL AND NATIONAL REGULATION: ITS IMPORTANCE IN THE CONTEXT OF TIME AND HUMAN RIGHTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (58) ◽  
pp. 207
Author(s):  
Juliane Altmann BERWIG ◽  
Wilson ENGELMANN
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
International Level ◽  
Niklas Luhmann ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Safety Measures ◽  
National Regulation ◽  
Internal Development ◽  
Share Information

ABSTRACT Objective: The present article aims to discuss the risks inherent the new technologies, especially nanotechnology, to the environment and, consequently, to human beings. From this point of view, it presents the evidence of risks pointed out by scholars as well as the discussions already performed at an international level considering their necessary and emerging regulation. Methodology: This article uses the methodology of literature survey and a systemicconstructivist framework to approach the risks, in the light of Niklas Luhmann’s concept of society of risk to discuss why nanotechnological risks should be taken into account. Results: The investigation has as conclusion that, despite the clear evidence of risks, so far there has been no regulation aiming at the development of this technology with investments in safety for the purpose of controlling environmental and human risks. Important issues must be taken into account in the national internal development of a “nanolaw”. Contributions: As a contribution, this paper discusses some of the main events already held at an international level focusing on the regulation of nanotechnology for its safe development with regard to the environment and human beings. At these events reports were issued supporting the need to share information and also to enter into an international agreement on safety measures designed to face nanotechnologial risks by implementing risk management. Keywords: Nanotechnology; risks; human rights; regulation. RESUMO Objetivo: O presente artigo tem como objetivo discutir os riscos inerentes às novas tecnologias, principalmente a nanotecnologia, ao meio ambiente e, consequentemente, ao ser humano. Sob esse ponto de vista, apresenta evidências de riscos apontados pelos acadêmicos, bem como as discussões já realizadas em âmbito internacional, considerando sua regulamentação necessária e emergente. Metodologia: Este artigo utiliza a metodologia de pesquisa bibliográfica e uma estrutura sistêmico-construtivista para abordar os riscos, à luz do conceito de sociedade de risco de Niklas Luhmann para discutir por que os riscos nanotecnológicos devem ser levados em consideração. Resultados: A investigação tem como conclusão que, apesar da clara evidência de riscos, até o momento não há regulamentação voltada ao desenvolvimento dessa tecnologia com investimentos em segurança para fins de controle de riscos ambientais e humanos. Questões importantes devem ser levadas em consideração no desenvolvimento interno nacional de uma “nanolaw”. Contribuição: Como contribuição, este artigo discute alguns dos principais eventos já realizados em âmbito internacional, com foco na regulamentação da nanotecnologia para seu desenvolvimento seguro em relação ao meio ambiente e aos seres humanos. Nesses eventos, foram emitidos relatórios de apoio à necessidade de compartilhar informações e também de um acordo internacional sobre medidas de segurança projetadas para enfrentar riscos nanotecnológicos através da implementação do gerenciamento de riscos. Palavras-chave: Nanotecnologia; riscos; direitos humanos; regulamento.

scholarly journals Spaces, Semantics, and ‘Aesthetic Faculty’: Perspectives on Their Operative Plane of Concurrence, Constitution and Becoming

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 135-157
Author(s):  
Dhanesh M.
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Community Life ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Faculty Perspectives ◽  
Cultural Spaces ◽  
Potential Basis ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
The Way

This paper aims to look at one of the fundamental factors of human beings—the appreciation of things. Calling it ‘the aesthetic faculty’ this paper tries to see how it is inevitable to the way human beings as a species function. This paper aims to propose this idea of an ‘aesthetic faculty’ as a potential basis for our community life in its diverse operations in terms of cultural spaces and their semantics. Viewing the socio-systemic life from the point of view from the aesthetic faculty reveals how appreciation and evaluation are inevitable to human life and how an ideological ground cannot actually affect life without addressing this basic human faculty. This paper tries to take the term ‘aesthetic’ vis-a-vis ‘appreciation’ to a different semantic world altogether so that it is no longer a matter of artistic engagements alone, but something more fundamental and formative than that.

scholarly journals Gift Game Metatheory: Social Interaction and Interpersonal Growth

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gonzalo Alonso-Bastarreche ◽  
Alberto I. Vargas
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Moral Agent ◽  
Human Person ◽  
Human Action ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Philosophical Methodology ◽  
The Social ◽  
Self Interest ◽  
Systematic Character ◽  
Philosophical Framework

This paper analyzes Game Theory (GT) from the point of view of moral psychology and makes explicit some of its assumptions regarding the human person as a moral agent, as well as the ends of human action, and reciprocity. Using a largely philosophical methodology, we will argue that GT assumes an instrumental form of rationality underpinned by a logic of self-interest, hence placing individuals, communities, and their social practices in service of external goods and their maximization. Because of this, GT is not adequate to describe the entirety of human social existence and interaction. Nevertheless, by revealing these assumptions, GT can be amplified with another form of rationality based on realist ethics and a personalist anthropology reinforced by the logic of gift. This rationality values the singularity of each person as a holistic unity, as the center of the social realm and as an end in herself called to growth and flourishing with others, nurturing the human community through giving and receiving. We will thus provide a wider philosophical framework for GT with a series of non-mathematical axioms of what can be called a Game Metatheory (GMt). These axioms refer to society as a complex system, not to particular interactions. GMt axioms are not a model of social games, but rather an axiomatic description of social life as a game, revealing its systematic character, complexity, and possible deterioration.

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